Insects and Diseases in the Garden. Amanda Taylor Extension Agent

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1 Insects and Diseases in the Garden Amanda Taylor Extension Agent

2 Successful gardening Pes<cides Pest preven<on Pest iden<fica<on and management

3 Pes<cide use Pes<cides are last resort One of many tools Variety selec<on Sanita<on Culture Site selec<on

4 Pes<cide safety Exposure Re- entry or post- harvest interval interval between the last pes+cide applica<on and reentry or harvest READ THE LABEL. IT IS THE LAW.

5 Control Iden<fy pest Review control measures Use cultural control where possible Apply chemicals as last resort Choose appropriate chemical

6 Pest preven<on Choose disease- resistant varie<es

7 Pest preven<on Select healthy, disease- free plants

8 Pest preven<on Mulch Cover garden soil with a 2 layer of organic material (straw, bark mulch, etc.) Avoid wetng leaves Drip irriga<on / soaker hoses Water early in the morning Don t compost problem plants

9 Pest preven<on Crop rota<on Strive for 3 years between crops in same family

10 Pest preven<on Soil test Only way to determine soil ph Every 3 to 4 years

11 Pest preven<on Lime early Till it in Can take months to change soil ph Test at least a few months before plan<ng

12 Pest preven<on Cover crop Suppress weeds Organic mayer Nitrogen Reduce erosion Reduce disease

13 Pest management Early detec<on of pests may Reduce the spread of the pest Reduce the amount of pes<cides used Reduce the cost of control Allow the use of natural enemies or other slow ac<ng, less toxic pes<cides

14 Pest management Iden<fy problem Fungus Bacteria Insect Virus Environment

15 Pest management Review control measures Use cultural control where possible Apply chemicals as last resort Choose appropriate chemical Avoid broad- spectrum insec<cides

16 Alterna<ve Pest Control Insec<cidal soap Hor<cultural oil Beneficial fungi Beneficial bacteria Botanicals

17 Alterna<ve pest control Insec<cidal soap aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, and spider mites Hor<cultural oil aphids, whiteflies, lea]oppers, and spider mites

18 Alterna<ve pest control Bacillus thuringiensis Fungus that only infects caterpillars Beauveria bassiana Bacteria that only infects insects Spinosad Soil organism

19 Pest management in the garden Common problems and what to do about them

20 Pest management Blossom end rot Disorder Localized Calcium deficiency

21 Pest management Blossom end rot Adjust soil ph (6-6.5 is ideal) Maintain consistent soil moisture Mulch Avoid root damage

22 Pest management Early blight Alternaria solani Tomatoes, potatoes

23 Pest management Early blight Resistant varie<es Mountain Fresh Mountain Supreme Plum Dandy

24 Pest management Management Rota<on Sanita<on Mulch Preventa<ve fungicide Rotate chlorothalonil and mancozeb every seven days beginning when symptoms are first no<ced

25 Pest management Tomato hornworm Up to 4 long Quickly defoliate tomato plants

26 Pest management Tomato hornworm Management op<ons Pick oﬀ Bt Spinosad Other chemicals Leave parasi<zed worms in garden

27 Pest management Squash bug Back resembles a shield Related to s<nkbug Eggs laid on leaf underside

28 Pest management Squash bug Fer<lize properly Remove egg masses Choose BuYernut Royal Acorn Sweet Cheese Sanita<on

29 Squash vine borer Pest management

30 Squash vine borer Pest management

31 Pest management Squash vine borer Plant a trap crop ( Hubbard ) Bury a few nodes on each vine Destroy squash plants afer fruit set Overwinters in soil, <ll in fall to expose cocoons Deworm vines

32 Pest management Squash vine borer Insec<cides are only preventa<ve Apply just before vines start to run and again in late July / early August Concentrate on base of plant 4 applica<ons at 7- day intervals

33 Pest management Cabbage worm complex Several types of worms that affect plants in mustard family Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, etc. Worse in fall than spring

34 Pest management Potato lea]opper

35 Pest management

36 Pest management Potato leaf hopper Management op<ons Manage weeds Chemical op<ons Neem Pyrethrum Malathion

37 Aphids Distorted foliage Honeydew Pest management S<cky, shiny coa<ng Sooty mold Presence of ants Distorted foliage

38 Pest management Aphids Undersides of leaves Stems New growth

39 Pest management Aphids Control op<ons Avoid over- fer<liza<on Hose off with water Natural enemies Parasi2c wasp

40 Pest management Aphids Chemical op<ons Insec<cidal soap Hor<cultural oil

41 Amanda Taylor, Hor<culture Agent Bristol Drive, Statesville NC 28687

Vegetable Gardening 101

Vegetable Gardening 101 Back to the Basics Amanda Taylor Horticulture Agent NC Cooperative Extension Service Location Aspects of the environment Climate Air Temperature Moisture Wind Soil Location Topography