California Seed & Plant Lab., Inc Pleasant Grove Rd, Elverta CA Phone: (916) Fax: (916)
|
|
- Scot Bishop
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Viruses testing RT-PCR for Virus diagnosis We have developed a PCR procedure to detect various strains of each virus. A multiprimer cocktail is used to detect all strains of the virus. For many viruses, we use real-time PCR that provides extra sensitivity and specificity. High quality RNA is isolated from the samples and subjected to RT-PCR method. In this method, virus RNA is first converted to complimentary DNA (cdna) and then amplified by PCR. The technique is highly sensitive when compared to ELISA. Best time of the year for virus testing Some viruses reach their maximum concentrations in spring (fan leaf, arabis mosaic) while others reach their maximum concentration in the fall (leaf roll, stem infecting viruses), therefore, a highly sensitive method should be used for year round testing. Our PCR protocol includes testing of undiluted RNA (free of inhibitors) and therefore can be used year round. Virus Vector Best time for testing Arabis mosaic Nematode Spring Grapevine fan Leaf virus Nematode Spring Grapevine leaf roll associated virus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 Mealy bug Fall, winter Grapevine leaf rollassociated virus 2 (stem lesion) Mealy bug Fall, winter Grapevine fleck virus None Fall, winter Grapevine Vitivirus A (Kober stem grooving) None Fall, winter Grapevine Vitivirus B (Corky bark) Long tailed mealy bug Fall, winter Grapevine Vitivirus D None Fall, winter Rupestris stem pitting virus None Fall, winter Tomato ring spot virus Nematode Fall, winter Tobacco ring spot virus Nematode Fall, winter
2 How to collect samples Since viruses may not be uniformly distributed in the plant, two stem sections (6-inch long, pencil thick), one section from each cordon, should be collected. Stem sections should be taken from the base of a new shoot. The sample should be placed in a plastic bag and properly labeled. Plastic bags should not be exposed to sunlight in order to avoid heating. The sample can be placed in a cardboard box and shipped by express mail.
3 Descriptions of important viruses 17 viruses are known to infect grapevines in California. Viruses are obligate pathogens and require a host for their survival. In general the infected plants do not die but show reduced vigor and yield, and produce poor quality grapes. The stem and the leaves show various deformations. Sometimes virus infections may be latent in some varieties. Although latent infections do not cause any symptoms, they are still a risk for the susceptible varieties in the vineyard if a vector is present. Nematodes and insects such as mealy bugs can transmit infections from one vine to another. Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) (Figure 1) Symptoms include fan-like distortions of leaves, ringspots, line patterns, vein banding, yellowish mottling, and yellow mosaic patterns. ArMV can be present in a mixed infection with GFLV. ArMV is widespread in Europe, there are few cases in Canada and the United States, however none in California. ArMV is transmitted by nematode. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) (Figure 2) Figure 1 GFLV causes fanleaf degeneration (often referred to as fanleaf) which is the oldest and best characterized disease affecting V. vinifera. Expression of fanleaf degeneration can be in the form of one of three distinct syndromes. Symptoms of the first syndrome, infectious malformations, include severe leaf malformations, asymmetry, acute denticulations on leaves, abnormal branching, double nodes, short internodes, and sometimes chlorotic mottling on leaves. Symptoms of the second syndrome, yellow mosaic, include bright chromatic yellowing of all parts of the vine, and poor berry set. Symptoms of the third syndrome, Figure 2 veinbanding, start with chromatic yellowing along the main veins which eventually spreads into the interveinal areas. All syndromes result in reduced yield and poor berry set. GFLV is widespread affecting vineyards worldwide and is major viticultural problem in California. GFLV is transmitted by nematode.
4 Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) (Figure 3) GFkV causes fleck disease on V. rupestris, other vitis species can be infected but do not show any symptoms. Young V. rupestris leaves infected with GFkV exhibit clearing flecks in vienlets of young leaves. On older leaves the flecks diffuse to create a mosaic pattern and the leaves curl upward. Symptoms disappear during hot weather, however, the infection remains intact. GFkV is grafttransmissible. Figure 3 Grapevine vitivirus A (GVA) (Kober Stem Grooving) (Figure 4) The grapevine vitiviruses are associated with the rugose wood complex. Diseases in the rugose wood complex are associated with the pitting and grooving of the trunk and stem, and possible foliar symptoms similar to leafroll. GVA is associated with Kober Stem Grooving. Infected vines may exhibit swelling at the graft union and may fail to thrive. Ungrafted vines may be infected, but usually do not show symptoms. GVA is graft-transmissible. Grapevine vitivirus B (GVB) (Corky Bark) (Figure 5) Figure 4 GVB is associated with corky bark disease and only affects grafted vines. Expression of corky bark is more severe in vines infected with other rugose complex diseases. The symptoms include grooving and pitting on the entire surface of grafted cultivars. In LN 33, corky bark disorder also causes severe stunting of grafted plants with internodal swelling, leaf rolling, and reddening. These disorders remain latent or symptomless in ownrooted or ungrafted wine grape cultivars, American Vitis species, and rootstock hybrids. Depending on the rootstock-scion combination, woody grapevine cylinder alterations occur on rootstocks, scions, or both. Any type of swelling above the graft union, marked difference between the relative diameter of the scion and rootstock, poor bud take, graft incompatibility or Figure 5 decline, slow growth, or delayed bud opening can be manifestations. The virus can be spread by long tailed mealy bug (Pseudococcus longispinus).
5 Grapevine vitivirus D (GVD) GVD is not known to cause disease, however, it matches the structure of the other vitiviruses. Grapevine leaf roll associated viruses (GLRaV) (Figure 6) There are several viruses in this group. GLRaV 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 are found in California. These viruses are known to cause leafroll. Affected grapevines are slightly smaller than normal in their entirety, the leaves start turning yellowish or reddish and eventually roll downward later in the season with the interveinal areas of the leaves bright yellow or red. Fruit ripening is Figure 6 delayed and at harvest time fruit is small, low in sugar, and pale. Symptoms resemble mechanical damage and in most cases the infected plants do not die, thus, it is sometimes difficult to make a field diagnosis. Mixed infections can result in death. Leafroll is responsible for a reduced yield of 20%. Leafroll is widespread and can be found worldwide. Grapevine leaf roll 2 stem lesion associated virus This variant of leaf roll 2 appears to have symptoms of incompatibility. This virus was first found on Red Globe and then on other varieties. Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (RSPaV) (Figure 7) RSPaV is associated with rupestris stem pitting. Infected vines exhibit basipetal stem pitting symptoms extending downward below the graft unions in the V. rupestris cultivar St. George, cultivars LN 33 and Kober 5BB remain symptomless. Infected Figure 7 plants slowly decline in terms of growth. The size difference between infected and healthy plants becomes apparent after several years. Fruit ripening is slightly delayed and at harvest time fruit is slightly smaller than normal and slightly lower in sugar than normal.
6 Tomato ring spot virus (ToRSV) (Figure 8) ToRSV is associated with a number of symptoms and diseases. Differences in disease expression seem to be correlated with differences in temperature. In colder regions, like the Northeast or Canada, the symptoms are short internodes, small and distorted leaves, and stunted plants. In colder areas and highly susceptible varieties infected plants are severely affected and uneconomical by the third year of infection. In California, where temperatures are higher, ToRSV causes grape yellow vein. Grape yellow vein is characterized by slow decline, yellow flecks on leaves along the veins and other parts of the lamina. The most consistent Figure 8 symptom across all temperatures is a reduced yield due to a poor berry set. ToRSV is transmitted by nematode.
Article 5. Registration and Certification of Grapevines Effective July 1, 2010
Article 5. Registration and Certification of Grapevines Effective July 1, 2010 3024. Definitions. (a) Apical microshoot tip culture means that anin vitro plant is created from pieces of plant 0.5mm or
More informationThe Sun-Blotch Disease of Avocado
Proceedings of the Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Society 1958 12:69-74 The Sun-Blotch Disease of Avocado J. M. WALLACE University of California, Riverside Unlike most economic plants, the avocado (Persea
More informationPotential Disease Issues in Young Apple Nurseries. Sara M. Villani February 24, 2016 Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University
Potential Disease Issues in Young Apple Nurseries 1 Sara M. Villani February 24, 2016 Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University General Thoughts on Nursery Disease 2 Generally going
More informationHorticulture Department
HortFact 3113 Horticulture Department Grape Rootstocks for Kentucky Vineyards S. Kaan Kurtural, Viticulturist Selecting rootstocks for vineyards is a pre-planting decision. The decision as to whether a
More informationEPPO Standards CERTIFICATION SCHEMES PATHOGEN-TESTED MATERIAL OF GRAPEVINE VARIETIES AND ROOTSTOCKS. PM 4/1-26 English. oepp eppo
EPPO Standards CERTIFICATION SCHEMES PATHOGEN-TESTED MATERIAL OF GRAPEVINE VARIETIES AND ROOTSTOCKS PM 4/1-26 English oepp eppo European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization 1, rue Le Nôtre,
More informationHarmonizing Grapevine Nursery Stock Certification Programs in the Pacific Northwest
Harmonizing Grapevine Nursery Stock Certification Programs in the Pacific Northwest Boiseweekly Objectives Compare quarantines and certification programs Design a harmonized certification program and a
More informationRose Mosaic Virus: A Disease Caused by a Virus Complex and Symptoms on Roses and Management Practices 1
PP338 Rose Mosaic Virus: A Disease Caused by a Virus Complex and Symptoms on Roses and Management Practices 1 Susannah da Silva, Binoy Babu, Mathews L. Paret, Gary Knox, Fanny Iriarte, Barron Riddle, Matt
More informationComparative Performance of Virus-Infected Vitis vinifera cv. Savagnin rose Grafted onto Three Rootstocks
Comparative Performance of Virus-Infected Vitis vinifera cv. Savagnin rose Grafted onto Three Rootstocks Véronique Komar, 1 Emmanuelle Vigne, 1 Gérard Demangeat, 1 Olivier Lemaire, 1 and Marc Fuchs 2 *
More informationViticulture - Characteristics of the vine - Rootstocks & Grafting
Viticulture - Characteristics of the vine - Rootstocks & Grafting ROOTSTOCKS Without Phylloxera, it s unlikely any vines would be grafted to non-vinifera rootstocks. Cost of grafting is high, 4-5 times
More informationCertification scheme for Ribes
Blackwell Publishing Ltd European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 4/9 (2) Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Schemes for the production of healthy
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PRUNING AND TRAINING G. A. Cahoon and R. G. Hill, Jr Department of Horticulture Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING AND TRAINING G. A. Cahoon and R. G. Hill, Jr Department of Horticulture Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Training Young Vines First Year Regardless of the training
More informationVineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 15 July 2013 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station
NO. 11 1 Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 15 July 2013 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Rupestris Speckle and Muscat Spot Patty McManus, UW-Madison Plant Pathology
More informationVineyard Disease Management for Cold Climate Grapes ANN HAZELRIGG UVM EXTENSION NY/VT GRAPE SCHOOL LAKE GEORGE, NY MARCH 9, 2017
Vineyard Disease Management for Cold Climate Grapes ANN HAZELRIGG UVM EXTENSION NY/VT GRAPE SCHOOL LAKE GEORGE, NY MARCH 9, 2017 Major Grape Diseases: Black rot Phomopsis cane and leaf spot Powdery mildew
More informationUnwanted Guests: A Review ofplant Disorders
Unwanted Guests: A Review ofplant Disorders in 2005 Brian Whipker and Colleen Warfield, NC State University Diseases, insects, physiological, and nutritional disorders love plants almost as much as we
More informationClean planting material - an effective strategy to prevent diseases in grape vines
Hemant Gohil, Ph.D. County Agent III Co-operative Extension of Rutgers University Clean planting material - an effective strategy to prevent diseases in grape vines 3 February, 2016 Mid-Atlantic Fruit
More informationTRANSMISSION OF ROSE MOSAIC VIRUSES
TRANSMISSION OF ROSE MOSAIC VIRUSES Golino, D. A., S. T. Sim, M. Cunningham, and A. Rowhani. Foundation Plant Services Plant Pathology Department University of California, Davis FOUNDATION PLANT SERVICES
More informationUniversity of California Cooperative Extension Tulare County. Grape Notes. DELAYED GROWTH PREVALENT IN VINEYARDS THIS SPRING Bill Peacock
University of California Cooperative Extension Tulare County Grape Notes Volume IV, Issue 2 June 2007 DELAYED GROWTH PREVALENT IN VINEYARDS THIS SPRING Bill Peacock Poor bud break and delayed shoot growth
More informationPathogen-tested material of grapevine varieties and rootstocks
ablackwell Publishing Ltd European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 4/8 (2) Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Schemes for the production of healthy
More informationCommon Pests and Diseases of Plants
Common Pests and Diseases of Plants Pests Aphid Caterpillars Scale Thrips Whitefly Red Spider Mite or Two-spotted Mite And many others Aphids Aphids, semi-transparent insects 5mm long that cluster on new
More informationCommon Diseases of North Central US Hops & Diagnostic Support Updates
Common Diseases of North Central US Hops & Diagnostic Support Updates Amanda J. Gevens Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison Photo courtesy (left-right): NC State Coop. Ext.; Oregon Dept. of
More informationNursery Tree Specifications & Tree Types Description
Future Orchards 2012 Orchard walk notes June 2007 Nursery Tree Specifications & Tree Types Description This tree specification and tree types description is provided to assist those involved in the Australian
More informationManagement of grapevine gene-banks and prevention from virus infections
Meeting of COST Actions FA1003 & FA0807 Phytoplasmas and viruses management in Grapevine Collections for Germplasm Conservation, Mobilization and Evaluation 8 9 May 2012, SOFIA (BULGARIA) Management of
More informationDOWNY MILDEW Fungal disease
DOWNY MILDEW Fungal disease DOWNY MILDEW Fungal disease Onion downy mildew, caused by the fungus Peronospora destructor, is very common. This fungus can overwinter in plant debris or be brought in on sets
More informationSuccessfully Managing a vineyard in the Southeast.
Successfully Managing a vineyard in the Southeast. Mark Hoffmann, NCSU, Department of Horticulture Small Fruits Extension Specialist Email: mark.hoffmann@ncsu.edu Phone: (919) 352-8006 1 Vineyard Management
More informationDiseases of brambles
Diseases of brambles Megan Kennelly Kansas State University Great Plains Fruit & Vegetable Conference Jan 8 2014 kennelly@ksu.edu 785-532-1387 Photo; Gerald Holmes, California Polytechnic State University
More informationVineyard Establishment (vine training, trellis, planting, early vine training, nutrition, & canopy management)
Vineyard Establishment (vine training, trellis, planting, early vine training, nutrition, & canopy management) Tremain Hatch Viticulture Research/Extension Associate What is a Vine Training System? The
More informationGrowing Cold Climate Grapes
Growing Cold Climate Grapes Leonard Perry, Extension Horticulturist The secret to growing good grapes is pruning. Not pruning enough off each year is the main problem gardeners have growing grapes. Marquette
More informationVinews Viticulture Information News, Week of 11 June 2018 Columbia, MO
NO. 3 1 Vinews Viticulture Information News, Week of 11 June 2018 Columbia, MO Herbicide Drift Damage Last week, I mentioned that damage from dicamba or other synthetic auxin herbicides would likely occur
More informationMaster Gardener 2/2/2014. Plant Disease Diagnosis. Basic Plant Pathology and Diseases of Ornamentals
Master Gardener Basic Plant Pathology and Diseases of Ornamentals Dr. Jean L. Williams-Woodward Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Plant Disease Diagnosis Be a detective ask questions
More information8/23/2013. Grape Cultivars for West-Central Missouri Vineyard Terminology Trellis Systems The Cordon Budget Canopy Management Techniques
Grape Cultivars for West-Central Missouri Vineyard Terminology Trellis Systems The Cordon Budget Canopy Management Techniques Marlin A. Bates, Horticulture Specialist University of Missouri Extension Spur
More informationTraining System. Vineyard Training Systems. Variety Growth Habits. Climate and Site. Vineyard Goals. Labor and Mechanization 9/25/2009
Training System Vineyard Training Systems Randall Vos Des Moines Area Community College rjvos@dmacc.edu Arrange the grapevine to produce a system that ensures long term survival of the vine, productivity
More informationOverview of blueberry diseases Annemiek Schilder
Overview of blueberry diseases Annemiek Schilder Dept. Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University Blueberry production in Michigan 20,000 acres of highbush blueberry Average of 100
More informationDISEASE MANAGEMENT FOR COMMERCIAL VEGETABLES KNOWLEDGE! PRE-PLANT DECISIONS THOMAS ISAKEIT HORTICULTURE 325 ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT TOOL:
DISEASE MANAGEMENT FOR COMMERCIAL VEGETABLES THOMAS ISAKEIT HORTICULTURE 325 ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT TOOL: + - DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING KNOWLEDGE! PRE-PLANT DECISIONS SITE-SELECTION SOIL
More informationDISEASES. College of Agricultural Sciences
I D E N T I F Y I N G DISEASES P O T A T O I N P E N N S Y L V A N I A College of Agricultural Sciences Contents 3 Late Blight 5 Early Blight 6 Verticillium Wilt (Early Dying) 8 Rhizoctonia Canker (Black
More informationCERTIFICATION SCHEMES
EPPO Standards CERTIFICATION SCHEMES PATHOGEN-TESTED MATERIAL OF VACCINIUM SPP. PM 4/18(1) English oepp eppo European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization 1, rue Le Nôtre, 75016 Paris, France
More informationTraditional cocoa production
Traditional cocoa production Overaged trees Pests and diseases Low biodiversity No shadow Limited extension and research support Loss of soil fertility Increasing labour costs Slash and burn Shortage of
More informationFarmer s Guide Banana Pests & Diseases
Farmer s Guide Banana Pests & Diseases Contents About this guide 3 Banana Bacterial Wilt 4 Fusarium Wilt/ Panama Disease 6 Banana Bunchy Top Disease 8 Leaf Spot Disease 10 Banana Streak/ Mosaic Disease
More informationElimination of viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas from grapevine germplasm
Elimination of viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas from grapevine germplasm Ivana Gribaudo,, Danila Cuozzo, Giorgio Gambino, Franco Mannini Plant Virology Institute, CNR (IVV-CNR), Grugliasco Unit Via L.
More informationDepartment of Plant Pathology PLANT HEALTH Sherrie Smith CLINIC NEWS Mimosa Wilt- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. perniciosum Mimosa
Issue 23-August 6, 2014 This bulletin from the Cooperative Extension Plant Health Clinic (Plant Disease Clinic) is an electronic update about diseases and other problems observed in our lab each month.
More informationCare of Established Vineyards. Pruning
Pruning Pruning is defined as the removal of plant parts to regulate crop size, improve crop quality, and achieve an optimal balance between vegetative (leaf and shoot) growth and fruit production. In
More informationPractical advice for choosing rootstocks. Introduction
Practical advice for choosing rootstocks Introduction .the use of rootstocks, quite apart from saving the European (and North American, South African and New Zealand) wine industry from oblivion, offers
More informationPRUNING OF MUSCADINES. Dr. Patrick Conner University of Georgia Tifton Campus
PRUNING OF MUSCADINES Dr. Patrick Conner University of Georgia Tifton Campus Why prune? 1. To produce productive shoots. Flowers are borne on the 2-3 nodes towards the base of the new growing shoots. Shoots
More informationEverything we know about Rose Rosette Disease. Jennifer Olson Assistant Extension Specialist Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Laboratory
Everything we know about Rose Rosette Disease Jennifer Olson Assistant Extension Specialist Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Laboratory Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
More informationWine Grape Training Systems Dr. Duke Elsner Small Fruit Educator Michigan State University Extension Traverse City, Michigan
Wine Grape Training Systems Dr. Duke Elsner Small Fruit Educator Michigan State University Extension Traverse City, Michigan 2016 Wine Grape Vineyard Establishment Conference Training System Definition
More informationCHIP BUD GRAFTING IN WASHINGTON STATE VINEYARDS
CHIP BUD GRAFTING IN WASHINGTON STATE VINEYARDS By Mercy A. Olmstead. Markus Keller EB2023E Page 1 ext.wsu.edu EB2023E Chip Bud Grafting in Washington State Vineyards Grafting in perennial fruit crops
More informationWilt, Nematode, and Virus Diseases of Tomato
Wilt, Nematode, and Virus Diseases of Tomato Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Tomatoes are susceptible to numerous diseases. This publication addresses
More informationImpact of Easter Freeze on 1-, 2- and 3-Year Old Muscadines and Recommended Actions Date: 6/7/2007
Impact of Easter Freeze on 1-, 2- and 3-Year Old Muscadines and Recommended Actions Date: 6/7/2007 Connie Fisk, Muscadine Extension Associate, Dept. of Horticultural Science, NCSU Barclay Poling, Professor,
More informationInovace studijních programů AF a ZF MENDELU směřující k vytvoření mezioborové integrace CZ.1.07/2.2.00/
Inovace studijních programů AF a ZF MENDELU směřující k vytvoření mezioborové integrace CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0302 Tato prezentace je spolufinancovaná z Evropského sociálního fondu a státního rozpočtu České
More informationDiseases Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, and Nematodes
F-7626 Common Diseases of Tomatoes - Part II Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, and Nematodes John P. Damicone Extension Plant Pathologist Lynn Brandenberger Extension Vegetable Crops Specialist Oklahoma
More informationDiseases Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, and Nematodes
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service F-7626 Common Diseases of Tomatoes - Part II Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, and Nematodes John P. Damicone Extension Plant Pathologist Lynn Brandenberger Extension
More informationManagement of Tobacco Diseases Agent Training Dark Tobacco
Management of Tobacco s Agent Training Dark Tobacco April 5, 2007 Princeton, KY Kenny Seebold University of Kentucky Dept. of Plant Pathology What is a Plant? A condition where the normal functions of
More informationSweet Cherry Rootstock Traits Lynn E. Long, Oregon State University
Sweet Cherry Rootstock Traits Lynn E. Long, Oregon State University Good Fruit Grower, May 1, 2009 Choosing the right cherry rootstock is just as important as choosing the right variety. This article provides
More informationSandy, low CEC, irrigated soil Acidic ph High ph Cold soils Soil low in P content or available P
Nutrient Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Plant Response to Nutrient Influences color, shoot, shoot density, root, rhizome and stolon, high temperature stress, cold tolerance, drought resistance,
More informationYoung Vine Care Dormancy Preparation
Young Vine Care Dormancy Preparation Young vines require different and earlier care to prepare for dormancy. Growers sometimes overlook the special needs of their first leaf, second leaf, or third leaf
More informationGrowing grapes in your home garden can be a wonderful hobby and
EC 1305 Reprinted June 2000 $2.00 Growing Grapes in Your Home Garden B.C. Strik Growing grapes in your home garden can be a wonderful hobby and a challenging experience. You can grow many cultivars (varieties)
More informationWilt diseases of tomatoes can be caused
A L A B A M A A & M A N D A U B U R N U N I V E R S I T I E S Wilt Diseases of Tomatoes ANR-0797 Wilt diseases of tomatoes can be caused by fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode pathogens, as well as
More informationOkra Production in ER IDEA-NEW
Okra Production in ER IDEA-NEW Okra Production in ER Okra or Lady finger is one of the most important warm season crops growth in ER Okra is: Easy to grow, Has a high nutrition content It s adaptable to
More informationTOLERANCE OF GRAFTED TOMATO PLANTS TO VIRUS INFECTIONS
TOLERANCE OF GRAFTED TOMATO PLANTS TO VIRUS INFECTIONS N. Petrov 1, E. Balacheva 2, Z. Stoyanova 2, R. Rodeva 2 1 Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection
More informationManaging Nematodes in Vineyards
Managing Nematodes in Vineyards Andy Walker awalker@ucdavis.edu Thanks! CA Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission / CA Grape Rootstock Research Foundation CDFA NT, FT, GV Improvement Advisory Board American
More informationFIELD GUIDE TO COMMON PESTS, DISEASES, AND OTHER DISORDERS OF RADIATA PINE IN NEW ZEALAND
FIELD GUIDE TO COMMON PESTS, DISEASES, AND OTHER DISORDERS OF RADIATA PINE IN NEW ZEALAND Forest Research Bulletin 207 Extract of pages 40 55 OTHER DISORDERS Copyright 2005, New Zealand Forest Research
More informationDFA Strawberry Registration & Certification Program Regulations
DFA Strawberry Registration & Certification Program Regulations C Article 9. Regulations for California Certified Strawberry Plants. Section 3049. Disclaimer of Warranties and Financial Responsibility.
More informationFundamentals of Vine Management (vine training, trellis, planting, early vine training, nutrition, canopy management & crop management)
Fundamentals of Vine Management (vine training, trellis, planting, early vine training, nutrition, canopy management & crop management) Tremain Hatch Viticulture Research/Extension Associate Thatch@vt.edu
More informationRose. Pest Damage on. Plant Problem. September September September 1 10 October November November 1 10.
Pest Damage on Rose March 21 31 March 11 20 March 1 10 April 21 30 April 11 20 April 1 10 May 21 31 May 11 20 May 1 10 June 21 30 June 11 20 June 1 10 July 21 31 July 11 20 July 1 10 August 21 31 August
More informationNew Virus Complex of Chrysanthemums
0-2 - New Virus Complex of Chrysanthemums John R. Keller Assistant in Plant Pathology at Cornell Univ., Ithaca, New York The most commonly recognized symptoms of chrysanthemum stunt include dwarfing, bushiness,
More informationNew Plant Breeding Techniques Group 4 Others
WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES 12-13 SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN New Plant Breeding Techniques Group 4 Others Maria Lusser Joint Research Centre, European Commission
More informationSide Grafting Tomatoes
Side Grafting Tomatoes 955 Benton Ave., Winslow, ME 04901 Phone: 1-877-564-6697 Fax: 1-800-738-6314 Email: service@johnnyseeds.com Web Site: Johnnyseeds.com Grafting desirable fruiting varieties to vigorous,
More informationRose Rosette Disease. Jim Jacobi Extension Plant Pathologist Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Rose Rosette Disease Jim Jacobi Extension Plant Pathologist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Rose Rosette Disease Rose Rosette Disease (RRD) is an emerging disease on roses in Alabama In 2010, RRD
More informationPests of Ornamentals and Turfgrass
Kentucky Pesticide Education Program copyright 2016 University of Kentucky Department of Entomology Pests of Ornamentals and Turfgrass Diseases of Ornamentals Accurate identification and diagnosis of plant
More informationTop Grafting Tomatoes
Top Grafting Tomatoes 955 Benton Ave., Winslow, ME 04901 Phone: 1-877-564-6697 Fax: 1-800-738-6314 Email: service@johnnyseeds.com Web Site: Johnnyseeds.com Grafting desirable fruiting varieties to vigorous,
More informationDetecting and Managing. Little Cherry Disease Organic Pest and Disease Management Fruit School March 15, 2017
Detecting and Managing Little Cherry Disease Organic Pest and Disease Management Fruit School March 15, 2017 Andrea Bixby-Brosi and Elizabeth Beers: Entomology, Wenatchee, WA Ken Eastwell and Dan Villamor:
More informationHistory of rootstocks in South Africa (Part 2)
History of rootstocks in South Africa (Part 2) WineLand May 2014 Keywords: Riparia, rupestris, Berlandieri, Champinii, origin, habitat, rootstocks. This is the second article in the series on the history
More informationFruit Pests BOTRYTIS (GREY MOLD) Botrytis (Gray Mould) Alberta Farm Fresh Local Food Short Course 2012 Red Deer, AB. Attacks various plant parts
Fruit Pests Alberta Farm Fresh Local Food Short Course 2012 Red Deer, AB BOTRYTIS (GREY MOLD) Botrytis (Gray Mould) Botrytis cinerea Attacks various plant parts Botrytis (Gray Mould) (Photo Courtesy MAFRI)
More informationEstablishing a Source of Disease Free, True-to- Type Muscadine Vines
Establishing a Source of Disease Free, True-to- Type Muscadine Vines Zvezdana Pesic Van Esbroeck, Bill Cline, Benny Bloodworth, Rose Caldwell, Christie Almeyda Plant Pathology, NCSU Purpose: The purpose
More informationBreeding Salt and Drought Tolerant Rootstocks. Andy Walker
Breeding Salt and Drought Tolerant Rootstocks Andy Walker Acknowledgements California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission / California Grape Rootstock Research Foundation CDFA NT, FT, GV Improvement
More informationGrape Pests and IPM Practices for Cold Climate Vineyards. NENY & VT Grape School Anna Wallis Cornell Cooperative Extension
Grape Pests and IPM Practices for Cold Climate Vineyards NENY & VT Grape School Anna Wallis Cornell Cooperative Extension What is IPM? Grape pests Birds Deer and Rodents Weeds Insects Diseases Viruses
More informationEntomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK
Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078 405.744.5527 Vol. 9, No. 14 http://entoplp.okstate.edu/pddl/ Apr 28, 2010 Plant Disease Corner
More informationPlant Propagation Methodologies
Plant Propagation Methodologies Seeding, Grafting, Budding, Cuttings and Layering Roy Beckford Agriculture & Natural Resources Agent Plant Propagation There are two methods of plant propagation: Sexual
More informationEMERGING PESTS IDENTIFIED BY CALRECYCLE
EMERGING PESTS IDENTIFIED BY CALRECYCLE Asian Citrus Psyllid: pest that transmits huanglongbing bacterial disease (HLB) Aphid-like, feeds on leaves and stems HLB is most devastating citrus disease in the
More informationAbiotic Diseases of Dry Beans
Know how. Know now. Abiotic Diseases of Dry Beans Robert M. Harveson, Extension Plant Pathologist, and Carlos A. Urrea, Dry Bean Breeder, University of Nebraska Lincoln Howard F. Schwartz, Extension Plant
More informationGROWING YOUR OWN HOPS By Lisa Olson, RNV Enterprises, L.L.C. Yakima, WA
GROWING YOUR OWN HOPS By Lisa Olson, RNV Enterprises, L.L.C. Yakima, WA Background Info What are hop rhizomes? Hop rhizomes are small roots that are cut from the main root system of a mature female hop
More informationLigustrum, Privet Ligustrum japonicum
Ligustrum, Privet Ligustrum japonicum Propagation L. japonicum Ligustrum are propagated by softwood cuttings taken in spring, or 5 10 cm semi-hardwood cuttings with a heel taken at the end of the summer.
More informationtrunks. The main difference between shrubs and trees is size; trees are typically larger than shrubs.
PRUNE = PUH-ROON Pruning requires more skill and knowledge than most other landscape management practices. When done properly, and at the right time, pruning results in healthy, vigorous trees, improved
More information4. E7 Plant Diseases and Disorders
4. E7 Plant Diseases and Disorders 1 L. Pink snow mold (winter), R. Fusarium patch early fall Introduction Plant disease or disorder a harmful change in the growth or function of a plant. Abiotic non-living
More informationSite Selection Blueberry
Blueberry Site Selection Blueberry ph 4.0 to 5.5 Full sun and well drained Sandy loam with added organic matter - ideal Avoid frost-prone areas Control weeds bermudagrass wild blackberries ph Requirement
More informationDiseases in Alfalfa Seed Production. Faye Dokken-Bouchard Provincial Specialist, Plant Disease Crops Branch, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
Diseases in Alfalfa Seed Production Faye Dokken-Bouchard Provincial Specialist, Plant Disease Crops Branch, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Introduction Alfalfa seed production is a well-established
More informationBREEDING OBJECTIVES DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE
BREEDING OBJECTIVES DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE 2010 Reduced use of Agricultural Chemicals Must develop biological resistance to pests & diseases BREEDING OBJECTIVES DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE Which pests
More informationBudding and Grafting. Chuck Ingels UC Cooperative Extension Sacramento County
Budding and Grafting Chuck Ingels UC Cooperative Extension Sacramento County caingels@ucanr.edu http://cesacramento.ucanr.edu The Home Orchard: Growing Your Own Deciduous Fruit & Nut Trees Ordering: Visit
More information2016 World Crops Research Update - Okra and Eggplant
2016 World Crops Research Update - Okra and Eggplant Vineland is publishing Issue 3 (August/ September 2016) in a series of four research updates evaluating various varieties and the effect of different
More informationVASCULAR STREAK DIEBACK
IMPORTANCE VASCULAR STREAK DIEBACK The disease is found in most cocoa growing areas in South East Asia. There is strong evidence that the fungus evolved on an indigenous host, as yet unidentified, in South
More informationTomato Bacterial canker- Clavibacter michiganensis pv. michiganensis
Issue 22-July 29, 2013 This bulletin from the Cooperative Extension Plant Health Clinic (Plant Disease Clinic) is an electronic update about diseases and other problems observed in our lab each month.
More informationIntegrated pest management on vegetables for insect pests and vectors in South Texas
Integrated pest management on vegetables for insect pests and vectors in South Texas Adrian Silva and Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas Texas A&M AgriLife Research August 2016 Insect pests of vegetables in the
More informationGuidelines for Planting
Guidelines for Planting DORMANT VINES The following guidelines should be followed in order to ensure a successful planting. Many planting techniques are available, but the majority of our growers have
More informationPest Management in Vegetable Gardens. Pam Brown Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Pampered Gardeners, LLC
Pest Management in Vegetable Gardens Pam Brown Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Pampered Gardeners, LLC pamperedgardeners@gmail.com Pest Management Involves: Providing proper cultural practices
More informationIDEA-NEW May, 2010 NOOR M NOORI
IDEA-NEW May, 2010 NOOR M NOORI Potatoes are not roots but it is under ground stems called "tubers". Potato is one of the most important staple crops in the world In the Eastern Region, potatoes are grown
More informationWheat and Oat Weed, Insect and Disease Field Guide 31
Diseases www.lsuagcenter.com/wheatoats Wheat and Oat Weed, Insect and Disease Field Guide 31 Diseases Wheat 32 Bacterial leaf streak and black chaff Pathogen: Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens Symptoms
More informationTopiary Gardens. Greetings Winter Damage The Maple Stork. Greetings. Connoisseurs of rare plants
Topiary Gardens Connoisseurs of rare plants www.topiary-gardens.com Greetings Winter Damage The Maple Stork Contact Us Greetings This was a brutal winter- even by central New York standards. It was unusually
More informationReliable Grafting. Western Washington Fruit Research Foundation. Presented by: Bernie Hilgart
Reliable Grafting Western Washington Fruit Research Foundation Presented by: Bernie Hilgart Grafting Grafting is the process of bringing into union two compatible plants It includes the scion wood this
More informationS.J. Allen 1, C.M.T.Anderson 2, J. Lehane 3, P.A. Lonergan 2, L.J. Scheikowski 3 and L.J. Smith 4
S.J. Allen 1, C.M.T.Anderson 2, J. Lehane 3, P.A. Lonergan 2, L.J. Scheikowski 3 and L.J. Smith 4 Cotton Catchment Communities CRC 1 2 1. Cotton Seed Distributors Ltd., PO Box 117, Wee Waa NSW 2. Industry
More informationManaging Grape Diseases: Critical Fungicide Application Timing
Managing Grape Diseases: Critical Fungicide Application Timing John Hartman Plant Pathology Department University of Kentucky With credit to Mike Ellis, Ohio State University for use of some photos and
More informationPRACTICES RELATING TO CONTROL OF TOBACCO MOSAIC By S. G. LEHMAN, Plant Pathologist North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station NAMES The disease of
MAY, 1934. Bulletin No. 297 Practices Relating 'to Control of Tobacco Mosaic Figure 1. Symptoms Of tobacco mosaic as they appear on small plants in the bed. The one on the right was from a healthy plant;
More information