The Tall- Spindle cri8cal steps to success. Jon Clements Extension Educator
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1 The Tall- Spindle cri8cal steps to success Jon Clements Extension Educator
2 First Terence Robinson, Cornell University The tall spindle system is the path to becoming fabulously wealthy
3 The basics High tree density Fully dwarfing rootstocks High quality, feathered trees at plan8ng High plan8ng depth Minimal pruning Branch bending in 1 st leaf Superior support system Trickle irriga8on/fer8ga8on
4 High tree density High plan8ng density = 1,200 trees per acre (3 R X 12 R) Can go as low as 900 trees per acre
5 Fully dwarfing rootstocks Bud 9, M.9 clones, Geneva 11, 16, 41 O[awa 3, Vineland 3
6 High quality trees Preferably 5-10 (or more) feathers ½ minimum caliper 5/8 be[er Branches not too low High grar union Order early, do your best
7 High plan8ng depth GraR union needs to be 4 to 6 inches above ground Cau8on: burr knots a[ract borers Mouse- guards?
8 Minimal pruning at plan8ng Trees are not headed Remove low branches (less than knee height) And those breaking the 50% rule (diameter- based pruning) are removed Leave as many feathers as possible w/o compromising growth of leader Results in 2 nd leaf crop
9 Branch bending Remaining branches bent below horizontal at plan8ng 1 st leaf only Use wire or string Very important to get 2 nd leaf yield
10 Superior support system Based on Pressure Treated (or alterna8ve) end and line posts with hi- tensile wire 5-6 inch for end posts, 4-5 inch for line posts Driven 3 feet in ground Line posts every 40 to 45 feet (no farther!) 12.5 gauge hi- tensile wire U- Hooks
11 I repeat: superior support system
12 U- Hooks Large size (3 inch) oescoinc.com peachridge.com *Tree stabilizer wires? fingerlakestrellissupply.com
13 Netafim RAM tubing 24- inch emi[er spacing, 0.4 gallons per hour Add fer8ga8on if possible (it s really not that hard) Trickle irriga8on
14 How much per acre?
15 What does this get you? High early yields! Target yields per acre 2 nd leaf = 200 bushels 3 rd leaf = 500 bushels 4 th leaf = 1,000 bushels 5 th leaf = 1,400 bushels 3,100 bushels total You do the math: 3,100 X $40 retail = $124,000
16 Fabulous yields in early years Yield (bu/acre) Gala/G.11 Gala/M.9 Fuji/G.11 Fuji/M Terence Robinson, New York Data
17 4 rules of mature tree pruning 1. Limit tree height to no more than row width 2. Remove 2 to 3 of largest branches 3. Simplify remaining branches 4. Cut back pendant wood
18 Rule 1 - mature tree pruning Limit tree height to no more than row spacing Preferably a li[le shorter Don t cut leader un8l tree reaches op8mum height Cut leader to fruirul side branch
19 1. Limit tree height
20 Rule 2 - mature tree pruning Remove 2-3 largest branches per year These are typically greater than ¾ inch diameter (quarter- size) or longer than 3 feet Prune lower branches first, then upper; but don t leave large branches in top of tree! Resist the urge to over- prune Large branches create large trees. Terence Robinson
21 cut rule
22 Bevel (renewal) cut
23 Rule 3 - mature tree pruning Simplify remaining branches No forks ( forks belong on the dinner table ) Single axis, typically somewhat pendant
24 3 simplify complex branches
25 Rule 4 (op8onal) mature tree pruning Op8onal: cut back pendant, weak wood Gala, Fuji Or, remove en8rely Pencil size (diameter) is ideal Prevents over- cropping and small fruit
26 4 cut back pendant, weak wood
27 Summary of tall- spindle Op8mum economic tree density New York Fruit Quarterly, Vol. 14 No. 2
28 Summary of tall- spindle High early produc8on (assuming feathered trees)
29 Summary of tall- spindle High light intercep8on (70-75%) Tree height = 0.9 X row width (app feet tall
30 Summary of tall- spindle Good light distribu8on Thin, conical canopy No permanent branches Columnar/ simple frui8ng branches High fruit quality throughout canopy
31 Summary of tall- spindle Improved labor efficiency Simplified pruning Par8al mechaniza8on of pruning and harvest photo Terence Robinson
32 MOPUP Massachuse[s Orchard Produc8on Upgrade Program 10 orchards One acre, 1,000 trees per orchard All planted 3 R. X 12 R. Mac, Cortland, Macoun, Honeycrisp, Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious
33 2009 plan8ng
34 Decent nursery trees
35 2008 plan8ng, 2009 flowers
36 2 nd leaf Honeycrisp
37 2 nd leaf Gala
38 MA MOPUP orchards
39 MA MOPUP Orchards 2 nd leaf fruit yield
40 Tall- spindle = happy grower
41 What s next? Plant ½ to one acre (600 1,200 trees) Order trees ahead of 8me Prepare site Plant early Build superior support structure Irrigate/fer8lize Pick fruit in following year Make money $$$$$
42 tallspindleapple.com
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