Small volume : Spanish bush, KGB, drilling
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1 Cherry COST Action FA 1104 Training school «Rootstocks and training systems» Small volume : Spanish bush, KGB, drilling Sara Pinczon du Sel, La Tapy Gérard Charlot, Ctifl
2 SPANISH BUSH No trial in France at present. PNW 667 Cherry training system L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whiting
3 What is it? SPANISH BUSH - Production of numerous branches in order to reduce vigor. - The number of vertical leaders should be proportional to tree vigor. Why to choose it? - Semi-pedestrian orchard. - Fast and easy to harvest.
4 SPANISH BUSH Recommended rootstocks Vigorous or semi-vigorous rootstocks. Recommended spacing - Vigorous rootstocks : 5 to 5.5 m between rows / 2.5 to 3 m between trees. - Semi-vigorous rootstocks : 4 to 5 m between rows / 2 to 2.5 m between trees.
5 How to manage it? SPANISH BUSH - At planting : head nursery tree 45 cm above the ground. - First dormant season : o head all leaders to 5 to 12 cm o head strong leaders shorter than weak leaders o remove very strong or very weak leaders to obtain uniformity. - Second growing season : repeat previous step. - Second dormant season : repeat previous step. at planting first dormant season first growing season Source : L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whitting. Cherry training system. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, April 2015.
6 How to manage it? SPANISH BUSH - Third dormant season : for highly productive variety, remove a quarter of the new growth. - Third growing season and after : o If necessary, remove 2 to 4 leaders from the center to improve light penetration. o If leader growth is weak, remove additional leaders Aim : obtain 12 to 16 leaders for semi-vigorous rootstocks, 15 to 20 for vigorous rootstocks (may vary depending on soil fertility and other conditions) third dormant season Third growing season Source : L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whitting. Cherry training system. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, April 2015.
7 How to manage it? - Mature pruning : Late summer or early fall o Top the tree at 2.5 m o Cut the sides of the tree Dormant season SPANISH BUSH o Renew horizontal fruiting wood on the permanent vertical leaders Lateral branches are allowed to produce fruits several years before being renewed. Mature pruning Source : L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whitting. Cherry training system. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, April 2015.
8 No trials in France SPANISH BUSH Informations are coming from the book «Cherry training systems» written by L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whiting Cherry-Training-Guide.pdf
9 KGB system Created by Kym Green, an Australian cherry grower. La Tapy
10 What is it? KGB SYSTEM - A tree with a lot of vertical leaders, renewed regularly. The only permanent wood is the lower framework of the tree. - Produce on vertical leaders. - The number of vertical leaders should be proportional to tree vigor. Why to choose it? - Allow to create a pedestrian orchard, even in conditions where vigorous rootstock is needed. - Fast and easy to prune and harvest. La Tapy
11 KGB SYSTEM Recommended rootstocks Vigorous or semi-vigorous rootstocks : Maxma 14, Maxma 60, SL Recommended varieties Most of varieties produce well with KGB system, but nonspur varieties such as Regina are not recommended. Recommended spacing - Vigorous rootstocks : 4.5 to 5.5 m between rows / 2.5 to 3 m between trees. - Semi-vigorous rootstocks : 4 to 5 m between rows / 2 to 2.5 m between trees.
12 How to manage it? KGB SYSTEM - At planting : head nursery tree 50 to 60 cm above the ground. - First and second dormant and growing season : o head all leaders to 5 to 15 cm o head strong leaders shorter than weak leaders Establishment years : very similar to Spanish Bush o remove very strong or very weak leaders to obtain uniformity. Aim : obtain 12 to 16 leaders for semi-vigorous rootstocks, 15 to 25 for vigorous rootstocks (may vary depending on soil fertility and other conditions) Pictures : John Morton
13 How to manage it? - Mature pruning : o Select 20% of vertical leaders for renewal (the most vigorous one) : let approximately 15 to 20 cm for renewal o If necessary, remove 2 to 4 leaders from the center to improve light penetration. o Remove all lateral branches KGB SYSTEM Pictures : John Morton
14 Trials in France KGB SYSTEM - Trial planted in 2011 (Ctifl) : Varieties : Grace Star, Belge, Ferdiva Rootstocks : Maxma 14, Krismk 5 Grace Star / MM14, beginning of 3 rd leaf Ctifl - Trial planted in 2012 (La Tapy) Comparison of 7 training system Variety : Regina Rootstocks : Gisela 6 or Maxma 60 - Trial planted in 2013 (Ctifl) : Varieties : Folfer, Ferdiva, Regina Rootstocks : Piku 1, Weiroot 158, Furtos, Maxma 14, Maxma 60, SL64 - Trial planted in 2014 (Ctifl) Variety : Burlat Rootstocks : Piku 1, Weiroot 158, Furtos, Maxma 14, Maxma 60, SL 64 Ctifl Ferdiva / MM14, 5 th leaf
15 Production (T/ha) Fruit weight (g) Trial planted in 2012 Research center La Tapy More precocious than french traditionnal vase. KGB SYSTEM First production in ,7 KGB system Regina / M60 9, Cost of implantation similar to the french traditionnal vase. La Tapy ,1 1, KGB System Vase Maxma 60 Production 2015 Fruit weight 2015
16 DRILLING Good efficient on pear trees. First trial on cherry. La Tapy
17 What is it? - Trellis in V shape - Three-dimensional training system o 2 leaders on one side, and 1 on the other side o Vice-versa for alternate trees DRILLING
18 DRILLING How to manage it? February 2013 September At planting : head nursery tree 45 to 60 cm (approximately) above the ground. - End of 1st year / Beginning of 2nd year o Chooce 3 axis and remove the others o Scoring - End of 2nd year / Beginning of 3rd year o Scoring o Tied axis o Tied lateral branches - End of 3rd year / beginning of 4th year o Tied lateral branches June 2014 February 2015 Pictures : La Tapy (Regina grafted on Maxma 60, planted in 2012)
19 Trials in France DRILLING - Trial planted in 2012 (La Tapy) Comparison of 7 training system Variety : Regina Rootstocks : Gisela 6 or Maxma 60 June 2015 La Tapy
20 Production (T/ha) Fruit weight (g) Trial planted in 2012 Research center La Tapy More precocious than french traditionnal vase. DRILLING First production in ,6 8,7 Drilling Regina / M60 9, La Tapy Compared to french traditionnal vase, costs are more importants : time is needed for treillis, notching, tied ,1 3,1 1,4 Drilling KGB System Vase Maxma Production 2015 Fruit weight 2015
21 Cherry COST Action FA 1104 Training school «Rootstocks and training systems» Thanks for your attention
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