2015 Update Mtg: Fruit Rot Management

Transcription

1 University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Cranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities Update Mtg: Fruit Rot Management Erika Saalau Rojas UMass Amherst Cranberry Exp Station, Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Agriculture Commons Recommended Citation Saalau Rojas, Erika, "2015 Update Mtg: Fruit Rot Management" (2015). Cranberry Station Extension meetings Retrieved from This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities at Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cranberry Station Extension meetings by an authorized administrator of Amherst. For more information, please contact

2 Emerging Challenges in Fruit Rot Management and opportunities Erika Saalau Rojas Extension Plant Pathologist UMass Cranberry Station East Wareham, MA

3 The European Commission sets a new MRL for Bravo Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for chlorothalonil Chemical Trade Name U.S.A Canada European Union Chlorothalonil Bravo 5 ppm 2 ppm 2 ppm 0.01 ppm Lower limit of detecdon

4 Bravo Chlorothalonil (F. Caruso 2010 Results) LOC PHI PPM # Apps LAD MA /29/10 MA /29/10 MA 77 <0.01 ppm 3 06/29/10 MA /29/10 MA /29/10 MA 77 <0.01 ND 2 06/29/10 MA /29/10 MA /29/10 MA 88 <0.01 ppm 2 06/18/10 MA /18/10 MA 88 <0.01 ppm 1 06/18/10 MA /18/10 MA 97 <0.01 ppm 1 06/09/10 MA /09/ m p MA Bravo/Chlorothalonil PHI

5 Bravo Chlorothalonil (F. Caruso 2010 Results) LOC PHI PPM # Apps LAD MA /29/10 MA /29/10 MA 77 <0.01 ppm 3 06/29/10 MA /29/10 MA /29/10 MA 77 <0.01 ND 2 06/29/10 MA /29/10 MA /29/10 MA 88 <0.01 ppm 2 06/18/10 MA /18/10 MA 88 <0.01 ppm 1 06/18/10 MA /18/10 MA 97 <0.01 ppm 1 06/09/10 MA /09/ m p MA Bravo/Chlorothalonil PHI 50% of detections >0.01 ppm

6 Cranberry Fruit Rot Working Group Address short- and long-term disease management challenges Enhance communication and collaboration Kim PaKen WSU Long Beach Washington State Univ. Patricia S. McManus Plant Pathology Univ. of Wisconsin Erika Saalau Rojas Cranberry StaDon Univ. of MassachuseKs Peter V. Oudemans PE Marucci Center Rutgers Univ.

7 Fungicides Available DMI FRAC Code 3 Indar Proline Quadris Top Orbit QoI FRAC Code 11 Abound Evito chloronitriles FRAC Code M5 Bravo (and many others) dithiocarbamates FRAC Code M3 Mancozeb Ferbam polyoxins FRAC Code 19 Tavano

8 Aspects used to compare fungicides Mode of acdon Resistance FRAC Group Spectrum of acdon Phytotoxicity Efficacy Persistence

9 Comparison of fungicides available Mode of action the mechanism by which a chemical or class of chemicals are toxic to fungi For more informadon and examples of different modes of acdon, please visit: hkp:// hkp://cals.arizona.edu/crop/diseases/papers/dischemistry.html

10 FRAC Group are groups based on mode of action. Each group is assigned a risk for fungicide resistance. Group 11 Group 11

11 Fungicide Resistance Risk DMI FRAC Code 3 Indar Proline Quadris Top Orbit QoI FRAC Code 11 Abound Evito polyoxins FRAC Code 19 Tavano chloronitriles FRAC Code M5 Bravo (and many others) dithiocarbamates FRAC Code M3 Mancozeb Ferbam High risk Medium risk Low risk

12 Fungicide Resistance Risk DMI FRAC Code 3 Indar Proline Quadris Top Orbit QoI FRAC Code 11 Abound Evito polyoxins FRAC Code 19 Tavano chloronitriles FRAC Code M5 Bravo (and many others) dithiocarbamates FRAC Code M3 Mancozeb Ferbam High risk Medium risk Low risk

13 Fungicide Resistance Risk DMI FRAC Code 3 Indar Proline Quadris Top Orbit QoI FRAC Code 11 Abound Evito polyoxins FRAC Code 19 Tavano chloronitriles FRAC Code M5 Bravo (and many others) Fungicide resistance is a very dithiocarbamates FRAC Code M3 real and serious threat! Mancozeb Ferbam High risk Medium risk Low risk

14 In vitro assays by F. Caruso in different locations in MA Indar and Abound High to low concentrations of fungicide High concentradon Low concentradon

15 In vitro assays by F. Caruso in 2012 Reduced sensidvity to Indar and Abound 4 fruit rot pathogens 2 locadons Cross- resistance (Indar & Proline)? Same FRAC group

16 Spectrum of action the range of fungal species affected by each fungicide

17 Phytotoxicity damage to the plant caused by a fungicide Bravo injury

18 Efficacy The overall effect of a particular fungicide on the level of disease In order of efficacy (best to worst): Chlorothalonil - Bravo, Equus, Echo EBDC s Manzate, Dithane, Roper Prothioconazole Proline Fenbuconazole - Indar Azoxystrobin - Abound Ferbam Coppers Champ, Kocide

19 Summary of Fungicide Groups Group FRAC R Spectrum Phyto Efficacy DMI 3 M Gaps 0 H QoI 11 H Gaps 0 H Polyoxins 19 M Unk 0 L chloronitriles M5 L Broad 1 H dithiocarbamates M3 L Broad 2 H/M

20 Summary of Fungicide Groups Group FRAC R Spectrum Phyto Efficacy DMI 3 M Gaps 0 H QoI 11 H Gaps 0 H Polyoxins 19 M Unk 0 L chloronitriles M5 L Broad 1 H dithiocarbamates M3 L Broad 2 H/M

21 Fungicide scenarios Fungicide program overview Timing and # of applications Bravo and w/o Bravo Based on efficacy and fungicide resistance management

22 Fungicide scenarios Risk factors High- Moderate 4 to 5 applicaxons Moderate 3 to 4 applicaxons Low 0 to 2 applicaxons

23 Timing of application

24 Impact of timing fungicide applications Flowering 100 % Out of bloom Percent Bloom % Pre bloom % In bloom Pre bloom Untreated Control In bloom Out of bloom Most fungi infect during this stage Out- of- bloom ApplicaDon 0 In- bloom ApplicaDon First fungicide applicadon: Julian Day Data courtesy of P. Oudemans Rutgers University ~ 50% bloom JUNE JULY AUGUST

25 Impact of timing fungicide applications Flowering Fruit Rot Development 100 Percent Bloom Untreated Control Out- of- bloom ApplicaDon 20 In- bloom ApplicaDon Data courtesy of P. Oudemans Rutgers University JUNE JULY AUGUST

26 Standard fungicide approach ApplicaDons 5 applicadons 4 applicadons 3 applicadons In bloom 1 In bloom 2 Out of bloom 1 Out of bloom 2 Out of bloom 3 Indar/Abound Indar/Abound Bravo Bravo Bravo Indar/Abound Indar/Abound Bravo Bravo Indar/Abound Indar/Abound Bravo Areas with moderate to high fruit rot The # of out- of- bloom applicaxons may depend on culxvar More resistant: Early Black Howes Mullica Queen

27 Standard approach- In bloom 100 Flowering Fruit Development Fungicide applications Percent bloom % Pre bloom % In bloom % Out of bloom Indar (or Proline)/Abound applicadons: CombinaDon controls more fungal sp. No phytotoxicity at bloom Julian Day

28 Standard approach- In bloom 100 Flowering Fruit Development Fungicide applications Percent bloom % Pre bloom % In bloom % Out of bloom Timing of this applicadon during bloom Indar (or Proline)/Abound applicadons: CombinaDon controls more fungal sp. reduces risk of resistance No phytotoxicity at bloom Julian Day

29 Standard approach- Out of bloom 100 Flowering Fruit Development Fungicide applications 80 % Pre bloom % In bloom % Out of bloom Broad spectrum applicadons: Percent bloom Bravo or Mancozeb Avoid using Bravo in bloom (phytotoxicity ) Julian Day

30 Standard approach- Out of bloom Flowering Fruit Development 100 Percent bloom % Pre bloom % In bloom % Out of bloom Broad spectrum applicadons: ApplicaDon of broad spectrum fungicide Bravo or Mancozeb ajer Indar/Abound is cridcal for Avoid using Bravo in bloom (phytotoxicity ) resistance management

31 Coming soon In bloom 1 In bloom 2 Out of bloom 1 Out of bloom 2 Out of bloom 3 Indar/Abound Indar/Abound Dithane Dithane Tavano (Oso) Indar/Abound Indar/Abound Dithane Tavano (Oso) Tavano (Oso) Tavano/ Oso is a polyoxin D zinc salt Not tested in MA Broad spectrum, FRAC group 19

32 Decisions, decisions, decisions Each bog is unique! 4 to 5 applicaxons High- Moderate Moderate 3 to 4 applicaxons Fruit rot history Weather VarieXes Low New bed Poor drainage Fresh market Scald 0 to 2 applicaxons Region VarieXes

33 Next targets? Bravo Indar EBDCs Proline

34 Crises and deadlocks when they occur have at least this advantage, that they force us to think.

35 Opportunities Short- term: Re-testing chemical products Focus on plant health & cultural practices Explore biological control options Collaboration & Funding Improve existing weather Medium- and long- term: Manage canopy structure & architecture Nutrition Weather data Disease forecasting models Focus on pathogen biology Integrated Plant Disease Management Program models