Rootstock breeding and trialling at EMR. Feli Fernández

Transcription

1 Rootstock breeding and trialling at EMR Feli Fernández

2 East Malling Rootstock Club Partnership with INN and HDC from Major objectives Range of vigour for different growing conditions Pest and disease resistance: WAA, Phytophthora and FB Pear decline Yield efficiency, anchorage and ease of propagation

3 Why? M.9 (Type IX: Jaune de Metz) Chance seedling (France,1879) 25-35% vigour Promotes precocity Still mostly widely grown worldwide Susceptible to many P&D Poor anchorage EMA and C (Quince) Moderate to good vigour control Good yield efficiencies in high density orchards Poor nutrient uptake at high phs Scion/rootstock compatibility

4 Breeding cycle and objectives Choose parent(s) Controlled crossing (Year 0) Raise seedling populations & plant out (Y1) Bud with a common scion incl. control cvs (Y2) Evaluate in the field (Y5 Y7): vigour crop load suckering (anchorage)

5 Breeding cycle and objectives Dwarfing selections of PQ41(OHF 34 x Kumloi)

6 Breeding cycle and objectives Multiplication for replicated trials (Y8 Y10): rooting ability susceptibility to pest and disease Woolly apple aphid Fireblight (Phytophthora cactorum) (Apple replant disease)

7 Breeding cycle and objectives Preliminary trials (Y10 Y17) grafting or budding with a common scion Gala Size: girth, tree volume Yield efficiency and fruit size MM106 M M9 M Bulking up material (Y15 Y20) grafting or budding onto a range of scions

8 Breeding cycle and objectives Multisite trials (Y18 Y26-30) grafting or budding onto a range of scions Virus indexing & mother trees (Y20 onwards) IP protection & commercial release (Y25 Y35)

9 TF182: EMRC - INN and HDC breeding programme Included only preliminary stage trials > 6,000 apple and ~ 2,500 pear seedlings TF172a & TF172b ( ): HDC funded trials UK (very traditional): no pruning; no TTT test 1 or 2 scions only INN trials: Mainly France and Italy Commercial orchard management Less rootstocks; more scion combinations

10 Existing HDC trials: CE190 two apple rootstocks ( ): Neither outstanding in UK Both susceptible to fire-blight & WAA AR680-2 cumulative yield ~ M9; INN still testing EE207 5 selections, conventional, 2 scions ( ?) None outstanding at this point P&D testing ongoing VF224 4 selections, organic, 1 scions ( ?) R80 so far most productive AR809-3 most dwarfing of the set P&D testing ongoing

11 TF224 EMRC: INN & HDC breeding and trialling Phasing in Marker Assisted Breed Main changes to trials DNA verification of TTT of trial material recorded pruning on trials bigger emphasis on characterisation P&D resistance Nursery properties INN trial: Material is starting to move outside the EU

12 SP250 New apple trial Nine Canadian apple rootstocks ree # Row A Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5 Row 6 Row 7 Row B X M9/B T4 SJM189/G T11 M26/B T13 SJM189/G T10 MM106/G T11 M27/B T9 M26/B T11 M26/B T9 SJP /B T9 1 M9/G T SJP /G T12 2 M26/B T SJM189/G T7 3 M26/G T MM106/G T10 4 M27/B T M27/B T7 5 M27/G T M26/G T10 6 MM106/G T M26/B T7 7 SJM15/G T M9/B T8 8 SJM167/B T SJP /G T8 9 SJM167/G T SJP /B T8 10 SJM189/G T SJP /G T8 11 SJP /B T SJP /G T9 12 SJP /G T SJM189/G T5 13 SJP /G T MM106/G T9 14 SJP /B T M27/G T8 15 SJP /G T M27/B T5 16 M9/B T M26/G T7 17 M9/G T M26/B T6 18 M26/B T M9/B T7 19 M26/G T SJP /G T2 20 M27/B T SJP /B T4 Y M27/G T7 MM106/G T3 SJM15/G T10 SJM167/B T8 SJM167/B T5 SJM189/G T3 SJP /B T10 SJP /G T6 SJP /G T5 Treat RxV 1 Braeburn (M9) 2 Braeburn (M26) 3 Braeburn (M27) 4 Braeburn (MM106) 5 Braeburn (SJM127) 6 Braeburn (SJM167) 7 Braeburn (SJM188) 8 Braeburn (SJP ) 9 Braeburn (SJP ) 10 Braeburn (SJP ) 11 Gala (M9) 12 Gala (M26) 13 Gala (M27) 14 Gala (MM106) 15 Gala (SJM15) 16 Gala (SJM167) 17 Gala (SJM189) 18 Gala (SJP ) 19 Gala (SJP ) 20 Gala (SJP )

13 SP250 following DNA tests New design Tree # Row A Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5 Row 6 Row 7 Row B X M9/B T4 SJM189/G T11 M26/B T13 SJM189/G T10 MM106/G T11 M27/B T9 M26/B T11 M26/B T9 SJP /B T9 1 M9/G T (TBC) SJP /G T12 2 M26/B T SJM189/G T7 3 M26/G T MM106/G T10 4 M27/B T M27/B T7 5 M27/G T (TBC) 3 2 M26/G T10 6 MM106/G T M26/B T7 7 SJM15/G T (TBC) M9/B T8 8 SJM167/B T SJP /G T8 9 SJM167/G T (TBC) SJP /B T8 10 SJM189/G T SJP /G T8 11 SJP /B T SJP /G T9 12 SJP /G T SJM189/G T5 13 SJP /G T Gala (SJM127) MM106/G T9 14 SJP /B T M27/G T8 15 SJP /G T M27/B T5 16 M9/B T M26/G T7 17 M9/G T M26/B T6 18 M26/B T M9/B T7 19 M26/G T SJP /G T2 20 M27/B T SJP /B T4 Y M27/G T7 MM106/G T3 SJM15/G T10 SJM167/B T8 SJM167/B T5 SJM189/G T3 SJP /B T10 SJP /G T6 SJP /G T5 198 trees of which 21 (11 %) confirmed as not TTT

14 Team Breeding and Genetics: Adam Whitehouse Marzena Lipska María Cárcamo Rootstock-scion interactions and genetics: Nicola Harrison Nuria Barber Support to science: Graham Caspell and his team (horticultural management) Ian Hardie (IP management, breeders rights, licensing, contracts) Philip Brain (statistical advice)