Scientific registration n : 123 Symposium n : 30 Presentation : poster. HSEU Zeng-Yei, CHEN Zueng-Sang *, LEU Ing-Yih
|
|
- Eugene Edwards
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Scientific registration n : 123 Symposium n : 30 Presentation : poster Relations between Iron-Manganese Concretions and Hydrogeomorphology in the Ultisols with Anthraquic Conditions Relations entre concrétions ferri-manganiques, hydrologie et géomorphologie dans les Ultisols sous conditions anthropiques pour la production de riz HSEU Zeng-Yei, CHEN Zueng-Sang *, LEU Ing-Yih Soil Survey and Classification Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TAIWAN. (*Corresponding author: fax: , SOILCHEN@CCMS.NTU.EDU.TW) INTRODUCTION Iron-manganese concretion is one of the redoximorphic features which are characterized by wetness and attributed to the reduction and oxidation of Fe and Mn compounds in the soil after saturation with water and dry, respectively. Wherever Fe and Mn are oxidized and precipitated, they form either soft masses or hard concretions or nodules (Soil Survey Staff, 1992). Iron-manganese concretions are formed within a soil which apparently started as pore infillings (Cescas et al., 1970), presumably owing to periodic redox changes due to seasonal changes in soil moisture status (Polteva and Sokolova, 1967; Schwertmann and Fanning, 1976). In soil morphology, the boundaries between Fe-Mn concretions and surrounding matrix may be diffuse or sharp, depending on the degree of gleyification; a low chroma of the matrix is generally associated with sharpbounded concretions. As these are frequently surrounded by a granostriated b-fabric, we can infer that they are no longer active (Tucker et al., 1994). Other investigators pointed out that diffuse concretions imply a more active hydromorphism (Stoops and Eswaran, 1985; Hseu and Chen, 1996). Previous investigations have reported on zones of maximum concretion development in the E horizon of podzolic soils (Smith, 1936; Drosdorf and Nikiforoff, 1940). Phillippe et al. (1972) observed a maximum of concretion contents in the middle Bt horizons of moderately well-drained or somewhat poorly-drained soils. In northern Taiwan, many redoximorphic features generally occur in rice-growing soils with anthraquic conditions, particularly for Fe-Mn concretions. Although Chen (1984) investigated the chemical and mineralogical properties of selected Fe-Mn concretions in these soils, the relation of Fe-Mn concretions to the landscape with different anthraquic conditions has seldom been mentioned. Therefore, this study attempts to (i) illustrate the distribution and morphological characteristics of Fe-Mn concretion in the soil, (ii) understand the soil hydrology associated with the redox processes of Fe and Mn with anthraquic 1
2 conditions, and (iii) clarify the relationship between Fe-Mn concretion and hydrogeomorphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS (a) Site description. The study area is located at Taoyuan county in northern Taiwan, about 40 km southwest of Taipei city, Taiwan (Fig. 1). Soils are developed on an alluvial terrace from Quarternary. Based on the climatic data, mean air temperature in summer is 27 and 13 in the winter. Annual rainfall in 1996 was 1,320 mm, i.e. slightly lower than the mean value of around 1,560 mm for the last decade. The annual rainfall always exceeds the annual evapo-transpiration in this area. Roughly 2 km from the seashore, three representatively rice-growing (paddy) soils with plinthite were selected for this study along a transect on the Chungli Terrace. Slopes range from 2 to 6% over a distance of 4 km, they are Houhu, Hsinwu, and Lungchung series. All three soils are classified as Ultisols: a Typic Plinthaquult (Houhu), a Typic Plinthudult (Hsinwu), and a Plinthaquic Paleudult (Lungchung) according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1996), or classified as Plinthitic Ferralsols based on FAO/UNESCO classification systems (FAO/UNESCO, 1988). The agricultural lands on the Chungli Terrace have been used for rice-growing soils since In the growing seasons from March to November, rice is harvested twice annually, and lands are fallowed in the winter. The soils are seasonally flooded. (b) Hydrological monitoring. A monitoring plot for short-term observation was established at each study site. The following information was recorded on bi-weekly intervals in 1996: (i) depth to water table, (ii) soil water tension at 50- and 100-cm depths, and (iii) soil redox potential at 50- and 100-cm depths, respectively (in triplicate). From these data, the duration time below the water table, the saturation conditions (soil water pressure head 0 cm), and reducing conditions (Eh < 250 mv at soil ph 5.5) were calculated for various depths. In addition, the reducing condition was discerned by the onset of Fe reduction from an Eh-pH phase diagram (Collins and Buol, 1970). (c) Soil analysis. A soil pit was excavated at each study site. The morphological characteristics and redoximorphic features of three selected soils were described and classified according to the Keys to Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1996). To determine the Fe-Mn concretion, duplicate fresh subsamples from the bulk samples (2 kg approximately) were wet sieved; in addition, coarse (>15 mm), medium (15-5 mm), and fine (<5 mm) concretion fractions were collected and weighed. Next, undisturbed soil blocks were collected with Kubiena boxes for the micromorphological studies. After air drying, vertical and horizontal oriented thin sections with a thickness of 30 micrometer were prepared by Spectrum Petrographics, Inc., Oregon, USA. Finally, thin sections were observed with a polarized microscope (Nikon, AFX-II Type) and described according to the terminology of Bullock et al. (1985) and Brewer (1964). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (a) Iron-manganese concretion distribution in the soil pedons Due to seasonal high water tables and strong Fe segregation, various redoximorphic features occurred in each pedon (Table 1). Although plinthites and Fe-Mn concretions were found in all Btv horizons, some differences arose in distributions within the 2
3 profile and on the landscape. Plinthites increased with soil depth in the individual profile, e.g. 25% in the Btv1 horizon increases to 70% in the Btv4 horizon of Hsinwu pedon. In addition, the depth of plinthite increased with increasing drainage in the following order: Houhu < Hsinwu < Lungchung. On the other hand, the maximum content of Fe-Mn concretion always occurred in the middle Btv horizons in all pedons. Restated, they are Btv3 horizon of Houhu pedon (15%), Btv3 horizon of Hsinwu pedon (30%), and 2Btv2 horizon of Lungchung pedon (25%). In Fe-Mn concretion, increasing contents generally implied larger sizes. Schwertmann and Fanning (1976) found that hydromorphism in the soils led to concretion formation; the intensity of which appears to have a maximum in the wetter, but not the wettest soils. Consequently, the least amounts of Fe-Mn concretion through the profile were found in Houhu pedon, which contained the poorest drainage and was closest to the sea level (Fig. 1). Moreover, although there were significantly more shapes of Fe-Mn concretion in the upper Btv horizons such as angular, pellet, slice, and elliptic shapes, only subangular or inperfectly round shaped was found in the lower Btv horizons for the three pedons. (b) Seasonal water table, water potential and redox potential fluctuations At the beginning of annual rice planting in mid-spring, the soil is flooded primarily throughout the growing seasons from March to October, subsequently raising the water table to the surface. Therefore, water potentials and redox potentials in the depths of 50- and 100 cm seasonally fluctuate depending on the water tables associated with irrigation and drainage for rice production and the distribution of annual rainfall. All the soils were saturated and reduced in summer and autumn with a higher rainfall. In Houhu pedon, the soils were markedly reduced and saturated in the depths of 50- and 100 cm throughout the year except for the fallow season in winter (Table 2). In Hsinwu pedon, alternative wet and dry cycles were more frequent because the water tables raised and falled sharply. The duration of saturation in the depth of 50 cm was 45% of the year; that in the depth of 100 cm was 50% of the year. The soils within 100 cm in Hsinwu pedon were reduced for roughly four months during the year. Although the soil in Lungchung pedon was the most well drained in this hydrosequence, less reduction and saturation occurred during the year even though the soils were frequently flooded in summer. (c) Genetic processes of iron-manganese concretions When reoxidized condition existed in the soil, Fe and Mn were accumulated as coatings and infillings in the voids, root channels, and macropores, particularly in the root channels and other biopores caused by human activities during rice production. After alternative redox processes, irregular soft masses were concentrated close to the pedosurface; Fe-Mn concretions were further formed as well. Therefore, plinthites included soft masses and hard concretions. According to our results, many coarse grains were embedded in Fe-Mn concretions. In addition, these concretions were formed as Fe coatings on the surfaces of coarse grain and sand. In hardness, the Fe-Mn concretions of Houhu pedon were markedly less than those of Hsinwu and Lungchung pedon, as attributed to the strong reducing conditions in the soil of Houhu pedon with the poorest drainage. 3
4 CONCLUSIONS Results in this study demonstrate that although iron-manganese concretions are found in the three soils with anthraquic conditions, the maximums amount and size occur in the optimum reducing and saturation conditions for Hsinwu pedon. Reverse effects in the development of Fe-Mn concretion are excessive submergence and less saturation and reduction. The fact that there are much more void types like root channels and other biopores near the plow layer (caused by human activities for rice production) accounts for why the patterns of Fe-Mn concretion tend to have diverse shapes such as angular, pellet, slice, and elliptic shapes in the upper Btv horizons and subangular or inperfectly round shapes in the lower Btv horizons. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China for partial financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC B REFERENCES Brewer, R Fabric and mineral analysis of soils. J. WileySons, New York, 470pp. Bullock, P., N. Fedoroff, A. Jongerius, G. Stoops, and T. Tursina Handbook for soil thin section description. Waine Research Publications, Wolverhampton, U.K. Cescas, M. P., E. H. Tyner, and R. S. Harmer III Ferromanganiferous soil concretions: a scanning electron microscope study of their micropore structures. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 34: Chen, Z. S A model for the nowadays soil survey and classification of paddy soils in Taiwan: the study on the formation, genesis, and classification of the seashore district paddy soils in Taoyuan, Taiwan. Ph.D. dissertation. Graduate Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TAIWAN. Collins, J. F., and S. W. Buol Effects of fluctuations in the Eh-pH environment on iron and/or manganese equilibria. Soil Science 110: Drosdoff, M., and C. C. Nikiforoff Iron-manganese concretions in Dayton soils. Soil Sci. 49: FAO/UNESCO FAO/Unesco Soil map of the world, Revised Legend, with corrections. World Soil Resources Report 60, FAO, Rome. Reprinted as technical paper 20, ISRIC, Wageningen, Hseu, Z. Y., and Z. S. Chen Saturation, reduction, and redox morphology of seasonally flooded Alfisols in Taiwan. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60: Phillippe, W. R., R. L. Blevins, R. I. Barnhisel, and H. H. Bailey Distribution of concretions from selected soils of the inner bluegrass region of Kentucky. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36: Polteva, R. N., and T. A. Sokolova Investigation of concretions in a strongly podzolic soil. Sov. Soil Sci. 10: Schwertmann, U., and D. S. Fanning Iron-manganese concretions in hydrosequences of soils in loess in Bavaria. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40: Smith, W. O Sorption in an ideal soil. Soil Sci. 41: Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Soil Management Support Service Tech. Monographs No. 19, 5th ed., Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Soil Management Support Service Tech. Monographs No. 19, 7th ed., NRCS-USDA, Washington, D.C. Stoops, G and H. Eswaran p Morphological characteristics of wet soils. In: Wetland soils: Characterization, classification, and utilization. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. 4
5 Tucker, R. J., L. R. Drees, and L. P. Wilding Signposts old and new: active and inactive redoximorphic features; and seasonal wetness in two Alfisols of the gulf coast region of Texas, U.S.A. p In: Ringrose-Voase A. J. and Humphreys G. S. (eds.), Soil Micromorphology: Studies in Management and Genesis. Proc. IX Int. Working Meeting on Soil Micromorphology, Townsvile, Australia, July Developments in Soil Science 22, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Key words: iron-manganese concretions, hydrogeomorphology, Ultisols, anthraquic conditions, micromorphology Mots clés : concrétions ferri-manganiques, hydrogéomorphologie, Ultisols, conditions hydriques anthropiques, micromorphologie Table 1. Morphological characteristics of soil pedons. Horizon Depth Texture+ Matrix color Redoximorphic features ++ cm Houhu pedon (Typic Plinthaquult) Ap 0-34 CL 2.5Y 4/2 MP 5YR 4/4 AB SiCL 2.5Y 4/1 CP 7.5YR 5/8 Bt SiCL 10YR 4/3 CP 7.5YR 5/8 Btv SiC 10YR 5/3 CP 7.5YR 5/8, CP 2.5YR 4/8, CD 10YR 6/1 Btv SiC 10YR 6/1 MP 2.5YR 5/8, CP 2.5YR 4/8 Btv SiC 7.5YR 6/1 MP 2.5YR 5/8, CP 2.5YR 4/8 Btv C 7.5YR 6/1 MD 5YR 5/8, MF 7.5YR 5/6, CP 2.5YR 4/8 Btv5 >150 SiC 7.5YR 5/6 CP 2.5YR 4/8, CD 7.5YR 3/1, MD 7.5YR 6/1 Hsinwu pedon (Typic Plinthudult) Ap 0-15 SiL 2.5Y 4/3 AB SiL 2.5Y 4/1 CF 2.5Y 4/2 Bt SiC 10YR 5/4 CD 7.5YR 4/4, FF 10YR 5/8 Bt SiC 10YR 5/6 CD 5YR 5/8, FF 10YR 5/8 Btv CL 10YR 5/2 MP 2.5YR 4/4, MF 10YR 5/3, CP 2.5YR 4/4 Btv C 2.5YR 4/8 CP 10YR 6/3, MD 2.5YR 4/4, CP 10YR 6/2 Btv C 2.5YR 4/8 CD 2.5YR 2/1, MD 2.5YR 4/4, CP 10YR 6/2 Btv C 2.5YR 4/8 CD 2.5YR 4/4, MP 10YR 7/1 Lungchung pedon (Plinthic Paleaquult) Ap 0-20 SiC 2.5Y 4/2 Bw SiC 10YR 5/2 CD 5YR 5/8 2A SiCL 10YR 4/2 CP 2.5YR 3/4 2Bt SiC 10YR 4/4 CD 7.5YR 5/6, CD 10YR 5/8 2Btv SiC 10YR 5/3 CD 2.5YR 5/8, CD 2.5YR 3/2, CP 2.5YR 4/8 2Btv SiC 10YR 6/2 MP 2.5YR 5/6, CP 2.5YR 3/2, MP 2.5YR 4/8 2Btv SiC 10YR 6/1 MP 2.5YR 5/8, CP 2.5YR 4/8, CP 2.5YR 6/1 2Btv4 >180 SiC 10YR 6/1 MP 2.5YR 5/8, CP 2.5YR 4/8, CP 2.5YR 6/1 + : SiL=Silty loam, SiCL=Silty clay loam, CL=Clay loam, SiC=Silty clay, C=Clay. ++ : C=coarse, M=medium, F=fine; P=predominant, D=distinct, F=faint. 5
6 6
Horner-McLaughlin Woods: Soil Types
Horner-McLaughlin Woods: Soil Types Not present at HMW Adrian Muck Conover Loam 0-4% Slopes Houghton Muck Miami Loam 2-6% Slopes Miami Loam 6-12% Slopes Miami Loam 12-18% Slopes t 0 0.125 0.25 Miles Mary
More informationSoil Museum in National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Soil Museum in National Taiwan University, Taiwan Please contact Dr. Zueng-Sang Chen Distinguished Professor and Associate Dean Department of Agricultural Chemistry National Taiwan University (NTU) in
More informationReference Card S-2, Side A: Delineating Horizon Boundaries
Reference Card S-2, Side A: Delineating Horizon Boundaries Distinguishing Soil Horizons Soil horizons are delineated based on differences in: Texture Color Structure and Consistence Redoximorphic Features
More informationHydric Soils - Overview
Hydric Soils - Overview The Hydric Soils section presents the most current information about hydric soils. It updates information that was previously published in "Hydric Soils of the United States" and
More informationSoil Physical Properties
Soil Physical Properties ESRM 311 SEFS 507 Some examples of mineral soil development eg, Rock Weathering Types of Weathering Physical/Mechanical Chemical Biological Photo by D Vogt CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO
More informationS9. Thin Dark Surface
Dominant Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in Florida S9. Thin Dark Surface For use in LRRs R, S, U, and T; for testing in LRRs K and L. A layer 5 cm (2 inches) or more thick within the upper 15 cm (6 inches)
More information3. What are the five master horizons? Give distinguishing features of each. 5. List three means by which plant roots come into contact with nutrients.
Study Questions Exam 1 1. What are the four general components of soil? 2. Define regolith and solum. 3. What are the five master horizons? Give distinguishing features of each. 4. What is meant by an
More informationSoil Maps for Production Agriculture. Jarrod O. Miller, Extension Agronomist
Soil Maps for Production Agriculture Jarrod O. Miller, Extension Agronomist Origination of Soil Mapping Originally mapped by Division of Soils Federal Bureau of Soils Soil Conservation Service (SCS) started
More informationOverview of Soil Properties
Willie Harris apatite@ufl.edu Acknowledgments: Wade Hurt Mike Vepraskas FAESS Soil Scientists Overview of Soil Properties Website to download files of talks: wgharris.ifas.ufl.edu.hsw.htm Meaning of Soil
More informationOverview of Soil Properties
Willie Harris apatite@ufl.edu Acknowledgments: Wade Hurt Mike Vepraskas FAESS Soil Scientists Overview of Soil Properties Website to download files of talks: wgharris.ifas.ufl.edu.hsw.htm Meaning of Soil
More informationField Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States: For All Soils. Field Indicators. Indicators for all soils regardless of texture
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States: For All Soils From Vasilas, L.M., G.W. Hurt, and C.V. Noble. 2010. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States (Version 7.0), USDA, NRCS,
More informationScientific registration no : 43 Symposium no : 27 Presentation : poster. GOBRAN Omar 1), EL-BARBARY Serry 2)
Scientific registration no : 43 Symposium no : 27 Presentation : poster Morphological Changes of Newly Reclaimed Soils In Egypt Cultivated For Different Periods Modifications morphologiques au cours du
More informationDO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11)
DO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11) Circle all the correct answers. 1. What is the layer normally present on the surface of the soil in cropped fields? a. O c. Ap e. B g. R b. A d. E f. C 2. Available
More informationLearning Objectives Part 1. Chapter 4 Soil Physical Properties. Soil Physical Properties. Color. Physical properties part 1
Learning Objectives Part 1 Chapter 4 Soil Physical Properties Know what color tells you about a soil Describe the concept of soil texture and its importance Use the textural triangle to determine a soil
More informationSoil Physical Properties I: Outline
Soil Physical Properties I: Outline Soil color See plates between pages 114 and 115 in textbook. Soil texture Soil structure Soil color Soil color provides clues to other soil properties and to soil conditions.
More informationMaking Sense of Soil Series
Making Sense of Soil Series Larry A. Morris Forest Soils Professor UGA WSF&NR The type, organization, and degree of development of soil horizons (layers) we observe in a soil profile such as pictured below
More information2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam
2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam USE THE OCONTO COUNTY SOIL SURVEY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-4 The Pensaukee River Wetland Complex is a mixture of state (Pensaukee Wildlife Area) and privately
More informationSoil & Site Evaluator - Need to Know
Soil & Site Evaluator - Need to Know I. The professional will understand the factors of soil development and demonstrate their importance to site evaluations. A. Topography 1. Landscape description 2.
More informationAGRONOMY NOTES. Vol. 29, No. 5, 1996
AGRONOMY NOTES Vol. 29, No. 5, 1996 Differential Black Walnut Growth on a Recommended Soil Map Unit: Investigation of Related Soil Chemical and Physical Properties D.C. Ditsch, J. Stringer and D. McIntosh
More informationSoil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management
Section C Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Soil characteristics vary across the landscape Soils vary from one field to another, and often within the same field. Soil differences
More information2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam
2016 Iowa FFA Soils Evaluation CDE Exam 1. Which of the following is true regarding soil horizons? a. A horizon is darker in color and has more organic matter b. B horizon is darker in color and has more
More informationAGRONOMY 255, 251, 270 SOIL DIFFERENCES
Name AGRONOMY 255, 251, 270 SOIL DIFFERENCES Soils differ strikingly from each other. This week we illustrate the great differences and ask you to learn how they differ and to become skilled in describing
More informationPETER BECKER-HEIDMANN and H-W SCHARPENSEEL
[RADIOCARBON, VOL 31, No. 3, 1989, P 672-679] CARBON ISOTOPE DYNAMICS IN SOME TROPICAL SOILS PETER BECKER-HEIDMANN and H-W SCHARPENSEEL Institut fur Bodenkunde, Universitat Hamburg Federal Republic of
More informationSoil Classification: Outline
Soil Classification: Outline Introduction Soil moisture regimes Soil temperature regimes The Soil Taxonomy Diagnostic horizons soil orders Why Classify? Organize knowledge in an attempt to find order in
More informationSOIL DATA: Avondale. in Allen, TX. This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas.
SOIL DATA: Avondale in Allen, TX This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Texas
More informationSoil & Site Evaluator - Need to Know
Soil & Site Evaluator - Need to Know I. The professional will understand the factors of soil development and demonstrate their importance to site evaluations. A. Topography 1. Landscape & landform description
More informationAGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS DALE PIT FARM. HATFIELD VOODHOUSE PROPOSED EXTRACTION OF SAND AHD GRAVEL ADAS April 1989 Leeds Regional office File Ref: 2FCS
More information2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam
2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape position is one aspect of evaluating the surface features of a certain tract of land. Identifying the correct landscape position will indicate: a. If the
More informationHUMBLEBURN OCCS, CRAGHEAD, COUNTY DURHAM SURVEY OF RESTORED LAND OCTOBER RPT Job Number: 73/97 MAFF Reference: EL LURET Job Number: ME3RTP
HUMBLEBURN OCCS, CRAGHEAD, COUNTY DURHAM SURVEY OF RESTORED LAND OCTOBER 1997 Resource Planning Team Northern Region FRCA, Leeds RPT Job Number: 73/97 MAFF Reference: EL 10387 LURET Job Number: ME3RTP
More informationWhole Landscape Hydrology: Application to Restore or Create Wetlands. Introduction SOLUTION
Whole Landscape Hydrology: Application to Restore or Create Wetlands by: Wade Hurt, USDA, NRCS, NSSC/University of Florida and Jimmie Richardson, North Dakota State University. Problem: Wetland construction
More informationSoil moisure, vol. % Precipitation, in. BSEN 4210 Irrigation HW 2 Daily Rainfall and Soil Moisture Ann Nunnelley 4 Sept. 2015
BSEN 4210 Irrigation HW 2 Daily Rainfall and Ann Nunnelley 4 Sept. 2015 The following graphs and tables represent the precipitation and soil properties from the Princeton#1 SCAN site (site# 2005) located
More information2010 CSSS Soil Judging Competition Manual. Manual Prepared by: Darwin Anderson Angela Bedard Haughn Louis Comeau Rich Farrell Ryan Hangs Tom Yates
2010 CSSS Soil Judging Competition Manual Manual Prepared by: Darwin Anderson Angela Bedard Haughn Louis Comeau Rich Farrell Ryan Hangs Tom Yates Preface Soil judging is a fun, educational and friendly
More informationSOIL CHARACTERIZATION USING DIAGNOSTIC PROPERTIES
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION USING DIAGNOSTIC PROPERTIES The following are the characters of the pedologically important properties used in categorizing soils: SOIL CHARACTERIZATION Soil Profile Description:
More informationASCE - Philadelphia. Soils & Stormwater Management. Matthew C. Hostrander, CPSS, SEO Soil Scientist. Gilmore & Associates, Inc.
ASCE - Philadelphia Soils & Stormwater Management Matthew C. Hostrander, CPSS, SEO Soil Scientist Gilmore & Associates, Inc. Course Overview COURSE OUTLINE Soil Science Fundamentals Discuss United States
More informationTAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Vitrandic Durochrepts
ESRM311/SEFS507 Important Soil Series in Seattle Area ALDERWOOD SERIES The Alderwood series consists of moderately deep, moderately well drained soils formed in glacial till. Alderwood soils are on glacially
More informationSoil Colors, Texture & Structure
Application Soil Colors, Texture & Structure Limiting conditions Soil color type/depth of system Bedrock type/depth of system Soil texture, structure, percolation rate size and type of system Sara Heger,
More informationSoil Water Relationships
Soil Water Relationships Dr. Aimee Taylor Soil Particles Particle Sand Silt Clay Size in mm < 2mm 0.05 mm 0.05-0.002 mm
More informationSoil Horizons cont. Oa- highly decomposed Oi-undecomposed
Soils Soil Basics Soil Horizons Soil Horizons cont. O Horizon: Or organic layer Organic layer of decomposing plant and animal tissue. Wooded upland areas have thin O horizons Wetlands may have thick O
More informationSoil Structure, Density, and Porosity. Laboratory #4
Soil Structure, Density, and Porosity Laboratory #4 Objectives Understand the concept of soil structure and how it differs from soil texture. Understand how soil structure influences other soil properties.
More informationSTATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION
STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION BIRKWOOD FARM, ALTOFTS WEST YORKSHIRE Proposed Opencast Extraction of Clay and coal ADAS January 1990 Leeds Regional Office File
More informationWhy do soils differ across the landscape?
Today s Objectives: Elements of soil formation Describe important soil physical & chemical properties Describe the ability to use and interpret soil survey information (printed and digital) List some site
More informationToday. Climate. Role of water. Rainfall: Intensity and duration. Effective precipitation. (1)Parent materials + 4 other factors of soil formation
Today Models of soil formation Soil taxonomy Horizon descriptions (1)Parent materials + 4 other factors of soil formation Climate Topography Time Biota Can be interrelated and interact Climate Moisture
More informationMovement of soil water- Infiltration, percolation, permeability Drainage -
Movement of soil water- Infiltration, percolation, permeability Drainage - Methods of determination of soil moisture Soil Water Movement i) Saturated Flow ii) Unsaturated Flow iii) Water Vapour Movement
More informationzone long enough to affect yield; gray colors below 48 in. horizon thick, dark gray or black
Wetland & Sub baqueous Soils NRE M 665 Coastal & Wetland Ecology & Management 1 Soil Drainage Classes (USDA) Well Drained = Seasonal high water table (SHWT) not w/i root zone long enough to affect yield;
More information2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks.
2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. Which landscape position is considered the floodplain
More informationGrade. % of Survey Area 1. Staplehay. 2 3a. 3a 3b Non Ag Organ Ag Bldgs. 1 Non Ag Urban
^ ( ^ ^fcj 2JiOc^ TAUNTON LOCAL PUW FIRST ALTE31ATI0N AOtECULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE SITES R^»rt of Survey 1. Introduction Agricultural Land Classification surveys were carried out at
More information2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY
2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY Questions 1-6 to be answered at the soil pit: 1. Soil scientists categorize soils by drainage classes. What is the drainage class of the soil at
More information2 Older farm homes on the land
2 Older farm homes on the land LAND RANCHES EXCHANGES This ranch consists of 70 +/_ acres of level farmland. Prime 13700 POWERHOUSE RD POTTER VALLEY agricultural land at an attractive price. This property
More informationGEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS
GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS Lecture = 3 hrs/week Lab = 3hrs/week Course = 4 credits Name/Define the Following 1. N 2 2. NH 3 3. NH + 4 4. NO - 2 5. NO - 3 6. protein 7. organics 8. organic matter 9.
More informationTeam number Page 1 of Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test. Soils and Climate Change
Team number Page 1 of 9 2006 Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test Soils and Climate Change There are many kinds of soil on the surface of the earth. The kind of soil that is present at a given location
More informationField Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States: Sandy Soils
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States: Sandy Soils From: Vasilas, L.M., G.W. Hurt, and C.V. Noble. 2010. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States (Version 7.0), USDA, NRCS,
More informationSpecial Assignment for Wednesday: Watch video on soil texture analysis https://youtu.be/ioyabxj767s
Special Assignment for Wednesday: Watch video on soil texture analysis https://youtu.be/ioyabxj767s Lecture 3: Soil Physical Properties Important Physical Properties Soil Color: Most obvious physical property;
More informationParent Material & some of Seattle s soils
Parent Material & some of Seattle s soils ESRM 311/SEFS 507 Week 3 SOILS = f(cl, r, o, p, t) Parent Materials 1) Sedentary a) residual (bedrock weathered in place) b) organic 2) Transported by a) gravity
More informationIOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA
IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA 1. Moderately sloping has what percent slope: a. 9-14% b. 2-5% c. 5-9% d. over 14% 2. Which of the following horizons is the loose underlying
More informationKenya Agricultural Research Institute Kenya Soil Survey P.O. Box Tel: /
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Kenya Soil Survey P.O. Box 14733-00800 Tel: 4443376/4440903 E-mail - kss@iconnect.co.ke NAIROBI THE SOIL CONDITIONS OF SIX EXPERIMENTAL SITES IN MACHANG A, EMBU, KIREGE,
More informationSoil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop
Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop Presented by Richard Brooks Presentation prepared by Kristin May Resource Soil Scientists USDA-Natural Resources Conservation
More information2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam
2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions vary in soil composition and makeup. What landscape position would be characterized by having strata and lenses of different textures in the profile:
More informationSOILS IN URBAN / SUBURBAN LANDSCAPES. Lisa Krall Soil Scientist CT USDA NRCS Tolland, CT
SOILS IN URBAN / SUBURBAN LANDSCAPES Lisa Krall Soil Scientist CT USDA NRCS Tolland, CT What is Urban Soil? Is This Soil? Is This Soil? active gravel pit pavement and buildings vegetated roadside areas
More informationIf you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP
Notebook Collection Collecting hard copies now OR Electronic versions using Catalyst drop box Due by 5:30 pm today Use website for link If you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP URBAN
More informationSOIL SURVEY FOR PROPOSED WET ASH DISPOSAL FACILITY, HENDRINA POWER STATION, MPUMALANGA PROVINCE
REPORT for Lidwala Environmental and Planning Servives by the INSTITUTE FOR SOIL CLIMATE AND WATER AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL SOIL SURVEY FOR PROPOSED WET ASH DISPOSAL FACILITY, HENDRINA POWER STATION,
More informationField Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States A Guide for Identifying and Delineating Hydric Soils, Version 7.0, 2010
United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service In cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States
More informationzone long enough to affect yield; gray colors below 48 in. horizon thick, dark gray or black
Wetland & Sub baqueous Soils NRE M 665 Coastal & Wetland Ecology & Management 1 2 Soil Drainage Classes (USDA) Well Drained = Seasonal high water table (SHWT) not w/i root zone long enough to affect yield;
More informationSite Selection. The #1 Most Important Step in Planting Anything Soils a major component. Physical Characteristics. Chemical Composition
SOILS COMPONENT Site Selection The #1 Most Important Step in Planting Anything Soils a major component Physical Characteristics Drainage Texture Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Permeability Swales Chemical
More informationSoils and Land Use Test
SOIL PROPERTIES Total Score /50 1) List two of the five main functions of soil. (2 points) Habitat for organisms, Engineering medium, Filters and stores water, Anchor for plants, Cycles nutrients 2) Small
More informationO horizon: the O-horizon is made up of organic material. The horizon is found at the soil surface.
A Good Dirty n Soil Lab: References: Wagner & Sanford. Environmental Science. Wiley & Sons, 2005. Molnar. Laboratory Investigations for AP* Env. Science. Peoples Ed, 2005. Soil Porosity & Permeability
More informationSOIL SEPARATES. Soil Evaluator Day 2, Presentation 3-3/27/2018. Soil Texture, Page 1 TITLE 5 SOIL EVALUATOR CERTIFICATION TRAINING SOIL TEXTURE
Soil Evaluator Day 2, Presentation 3-3/27/18 TITLE 5 SOIL EVALUATOR CERTIFICATION TRAINING SOIL TEXTURE Prepared for: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection By L.A. Spokas,
More informationURBAN SOILS & SEATTLE EXAMPLES
Class Results - Mystery Soil #1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Loam Silty Loam Class Results - Mystery Soil #2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Silty Clay Clay Loam Sandy Sandy Silty Sandy Silty Loamy Loam Clay
More informationOn Soil Structure of Plowed Layer of Paddy Field
On Soil Structure of Plowed Layer of Paddy Field By YOSHIMITSU DEI* and KENICHI MAEDA** * Head, Agricultural Chemistry Division, Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station ** Soil and Fertilizer
More informationO M E Taha. Keywords: nanoparticles, shrinkage strain, expansive strain, nano-copper, nano-alumina ABSTRACT
Taha, M.R. &Taha, O.M.E. (2013) Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown Improvement of shrinkage and expansive soil properties using nanocopper M R Taha Dept. of Civil & Structural
More informationSUMMARY. alcholnie.doc\ih\jk
SUMMARY A detailed Statement of Physical Characteristics and Agricultural Land Classification survey of ha of land at Stainton ("Holme Hall Quarry Extension") was carried out in September 1994. At the
More informationSoils and the Environment. A Summary of RI Envirothon Study Materials Compiled by Sally Paul
Soils and the Environment A Summary of RI Envirothon Study Materials Compiled by Sally Paul Why Soils Food and water resources Disposing of waste Support for human structures Growing timber and fibers
More informationTHE SOIL FERTILITY CLASSIFICATION AND CONSTRAINTS FOR RICE CULTIVATION IN THE MEKONG DELTA
DOI: 10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.016 THE SOIL FERTILITY CLASSIFICATION AND CONSTRAINTS FOR RICE CULTIVATION IN THE MEKONG DELTA Vo Quang Minh and Le Quang Tri Department of Land Resources, College of Environment
More informationAGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SEGHILL, NORTHUMBERLAND PROPOSED VASTE DISPOSAL SITE ADAS January 1989 Leeds Regional Office REF: 3/89 2FCS 4191 lds.rpg3.seghill
More informationLesson 3: Understanding Soil Color
Lesson 3: Understanding Soil Color 1 Bright colored Color Dull colored Humus Mottle colored Native vegetation Structure Tall prairie grass Texture Deciduous hardwood forest 2 I. Soils have many features
More informationSupplement. Hydric Soils. Hydric Soils
Field Supplement to to Version 3 April 2004 in New In New England England Hydric Soils Hydric Soils Identifying Identifying Indicators Indicators for for Supplement to Field Indicators for Identifying
More informationPHYSICAL CHAtlACTERISTICS REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED SAND AND GRAVEL SITE AT MANOR FARM, UFFINGTON
PHYSICAL CHAtlACTERISTICS REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED SAND AND GRAVEL SITE AT MANOR FARM, UFFINGTON Introduction Following the" request for detailed information on the physical characteristics of soil at Manor
More informationProblem soils & its management. Satira Udomsri, LDD
Problem soils & its management Satira Udomsri, LDD Kingdom of Thailand Location: Southeast Asian mainland 5 o -20 o N 97 o -105 o E Area total: land: water: Capital: 513,120 sq km 510,890 sq km 2,230 sq
More informationSeptember 20, 2016 Soils Investigation for Agricultural Designation Windemere Place, Missoula County, Montana
September 20, 201 Soils Investigation for Agricultural Designation Windemere Place, Missoula County, Montana The purpose of this report is to compare on-site soils of the proposed subdivision with the
More informationSite Selection. The #1 Most Important Step in Planting Anything Soils a major component. Physical Characteristics. Chemical Composition
SOILS COMPONENT Site Selection The #1 Most Important Step in Planting Anything Soils a major component Physical Characteristics Drainage Texture Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Permeability Swales Chemical
More information0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine. Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa Pine Cohasset-Ponderosa Pine
2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 Argent: R 2 = 0.50 Shoot Weight (g) 1.20 1.00 0.80 Clarksville:R 2 = 0.79 0.60 Dome: R 2 = 0.82 0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine Cohasset: R 2 = 0.64 Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa
More information1. The Nature of Soils and Soil Fertility
1. The Nature of Soils and Soil Fertility The Ontario Soil Fertility Handbook contains information on the fundamental concepts of soil fertility. If you have ever wondered how nutrients make their way
More informationThe Exciting World Beneath Our Feet.
SOIL The Exciting World Beneath Our Feet. Physical properties of soil Texture Structure Particle density Bulk density Pore space Water relations Plasticity Soil tilth is the term used in publications aimed
More informationWhat is Soil? Depends on who you ask.
SOIL What is Soil? Depends on who you ask. To a geologist: residual material formed in situ from weathering of a parent material either bedrock or sediment. not a sediment Profile from alteration of parent
More informationMAFF Ministry of Ifinil Agriculture Rsheries and Food
MAFF Ministry of Ifinil Agriculture Rsheries and Food STATEMENT OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION SHILBOTTLE COLLIERY RECLAMATION SCHEME NORTHUMBERLAND DECEMBER 1994 ADAS
More informationThe water regime of the long-seasonally-frozen peat soils of the Northern Trans-Ural
The water regime of the long-seasonally-frozen peat soils of the Northern Trans-Ural AlexandrMotorin 1,*,Andrey Bukin 1 1 Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Respubliki str., 7, Tyumen,
More information+id 1:;~ T. C. Juang and G. Uehara Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station Taiwan and Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station Honolulu, Hawaii
Fertilization, Soils and Cultural Practices EFFECTS OF GROUND-WATER TABLE AND SOIL COMPACTION ON NUTRIENT ELEMENT UPTAKE AND GROWTH OF SUGARCANE T. C. Juang and G. Uehara Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station
More information2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY
2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 1. The majority of the bedrock in Muskingum County is. a. sedimentary bedrock b. glacial bedrock c. igneous bedrock d. metamorphic bedrock
More informationInconsistencies in terminology and definitions of organic soil materials
Inconsistencies in terminology and definitions of organic soil materials Mineral soil material (less than 2.0 mm in diameter) either: 1. Is saturated with water for less than 30 days (cumulative) per year
More informationDIRT! APES Laboratory Activity
Name: Part I: Soil Texture DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Can one determine the texture of soil by examining the particles found in a particular sample? The purpose of this activity is to determine the
More informationA Plant & Soil Ecosystem
Introductory Study of Soils For the Master Gardeners Wendy Sue Harper, Ph.D. What We Will Cover Tonight Introduction Agroecological perspective to understanding the physical, chemical and biological properties
More informationEFFECT OF COMPACTION ON THE UNSATURATED SHEAR STRENGTH OF A COMPACTED TILL
EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON THE UNSATURATED SHEAR STRENGTH OF A COMPACTED TILL Vanapalli, S.K., Pufahl, D.E., and Fredlund, D.G. (University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada, S7N 5A9) Abstract An experimental
More informationThe entire site supports grass on which sheep had been grazing recently.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS REPORT FOR LAND AT HORSEHAY A^ Agricultural Land Classification of approximately 14 hectares of land to the southwest of Horsehay was undertaken in November 1989. The site lies
More informationBasic Soil Science. Fundamentals of Nutrient Management. Melissa L. Wilson
Basic Soil Science Fundamentals of Nutrient Management Melissa L. Wilson Department of Environmental Science & Technology Ag Nutrient Management Program University of Maryland, College Park Photo credit:
More informationKey words: soil electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen, drip-irrigation, fertigation, lysimeters.
1 THE "NITRATE NITROGEN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY" RELATIONSHIP IN NON-SALINE SOILS UNDER FERTIGATION LA CONDUCTANCE ELECTRIQUE DU NITRAT DE NITROGENE EN RAPPORT AVEC DES SOLS NON-SALES SOUS LA FUMURE Kouman
More informationUnit E: Basic Principles of Soil Science. Lesson 3: Understanding Soil Color
Unit E: Basic Principles of Soil Science Lesson 3: Understanding Soil Color 1 Important Terms Bright-colored Color Deciduous hardwood forest Dull-colored Humus Mottle-colored Native vegetation Structure
More informationProperties, Classification and Suitability Evaluation of Some Selected Cocoa Soils of South-Western Nigeria
American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 2 (3): 312-317, 2007 ISSN 1818-6769 IDOSI Publications, 2007 Properties, Classification and Suitability Evaluation of Some Selected Cocoa Soils of South-Western
More informationLecture 5 SOIL FORMING PROCESSES
Lecture 5 SOIL FORMING PROCESSES Soil horizons Horizons in the soil profile are the results of soil formation processes PROCESS OF SOIL FORMATION The layers in soil, called soil horizons, develop their
More informationVineyard Variability Due To Differences in Soil. Ann Tan UC Davis
Vineyard Variability Due To Differences in Soil Ann Tan UC Davis Background We know that soils are important, but how much do they affect grape productivity and fruit quality? Some studies suggest a role
More informationAproper land use is essential to realize maximum
The An Asian Journal J.of Hort. of Soil June Science, 2008 Vol. (June 3 (1) to : (...) November-2009) Vol. 4 No. 1 : 81-85 Characterization and classification of red soils from Tamil Nadu See end of the
More informationSoil Damage From Compaction
Soil Damage From Compaction by Dr. Kim D. Coder, University of Georgia July 000 Having reviewed the primary means by which soils become compacted, the results of compaction can be estimated for tree and
More information