Today s Topics. Archaeology and Local Governments

Transcription

1 Archaeology and Local Governments Doug Glaum Archaeology Branch September 28 th, 2010 Today s Topics What kinds of sites are in BriGsh Columbia? What do archaeologists do? How are BC archaeological sites managed? What is the role of Local Government in managing archaeological sites? Archaeology and development Archaeology and planning 1

2 What kinds of sites are in BriGsh Columbia? Some common func*onal site types: Habita*on places where people lived Procurement places where people got resources Processing places where people converted resources to products Sacred places where people prac*ced ac*vi*es related to their ideology Specialized places with unique purposes Habitation Sites 2

3 Petroglyphs and Pictographs Specialised Place Specialised Place Sacred Place Processing Areas Shell Middens 3

4 Sacred Places Burial Cairn in Uplands Park ca 1903 Lithics Processing Area 4

5 Processing Area Roasting Pit Procurement Sites Wet Sites 5

6 Procurement Sites Culturally Modified Cedar Trees [CMTs] What do archaeologists do? Goals of Academic Study: Discovering the past Excava*on & Descrip*on Reconstruc2ng culture history Who was where, when, with what? Explaining cultural processes How and why do cultures change or stay the same? Interpre2ng Past Cultures What did peoples lives mean? 6

7 What do archaeologists do? (2) Goals of Archaeological Resource Management study: Determine where sites are located Decide where field work takes place and iden*fy site loca*ons Evaluate the significance of sites Establish the historical, cultural, aesthe*c, scien*fic and educa*onal worth of a site Development resource management strategies How can sites be avoided or impacts minimized Recover scien2fic informa2on before it is destroyed Controlled scien*fic excava*on and emergency salvage Effect of Development on Archaeological Resources 7

8 How are Archaeological Sites Managed in BC? Archaeological sites are protected by the Heritage ConservaGon Act AutomaGc protecgon for certain site types: burials, rock art, pre AutomaGc protecgon applies to: Crown and private land recorded and unknown sites AlteraGon of a protected site requires a heritage permit Archaeological Resource Management Roles Proponent/Developer/Property Owner Responsible for managing impacts and related costs Provincial Government Maintains inventory, administers heritage permits 8

9 Archaeological Resource Management Roles (2) Local Government IdenGfy overlaps between protected archaeological sites and proposed development NoGfy applicants of responsibility to manage impacts to protected archaeological site Local Government With Assistance of Archaeology Branch Planning: Developing maps of known and potengal archaeological site locagons Development Approvals: NoGfying applicants of required acgon when overlaps between development and sites are idengfied Tools: Archaeological Inventory of Known Sites (RAAD) Archaeological Overview Assessments (AOA) Including AOA informagon in the OCPs Process: No Permits Required Local Government staff check archaeological mapping to determine if development is in an area having archaeological potengal Applicant nogfied using Provincial lecer Archaeology Branch and Project Proponent Archaeological Field Studies: LocaGng and Assessing archaeological sites to develop impact management strategies. Conduct further impact miggagon studies if required by Provinces Development PermiRng: Securing a heritage alteragon permit to authorize impact related developments within an archaeological site. Process: Proponent responsible for engaging archaeologist to determine if archaeological impact assessment is required. If necessary, an archaeological impact assessment and possibly an impact miggagon study must be completed Heritage Inspec*on Permit (for impact assessment) and Heritage Inves*ga*on Permit (for mi*ga*on) Required Process: Proponent responsible for securing Heritage AlteraGon Permit Heritage Altera*on Permit Required 9

10 Tools to Assist Local Governments Access to the Provincial Archaeological Site Inventory LocaGons of known sites Developing Archaeological Overview Assessments AccounGng for unrecorded but protected sites NoGficaGon Lecer NoGfying consgtuents about archaeological sites IdenGfying Archaeological Sites: Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD) Secure internet website IdenGfies locagon of recorded protected archaeological sites Internal use only Part of development approval process 10

11 Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD) Archaeological sites in RED Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD) 11

12 How Is Archaeological InformaGon Accessed? N=70 We don't use archaeological site informa*on. 17.1% We ask the local First Na*on 4.3% We have a paper map showing archaeological site loca*ons. 1.4% Data request or referral to the Archaeology Branch 20.0% GIS (Local or RAAD) 57.1% NoGfying the Applicant 12

13 When are applicants nogfied? N=70 General no*fica*on that sites are protected 11.4% When applica*on is within a known site or an area of significant poten*al 55.7% When applica*on is within a known site 10.0% Applicants aren't no*fied 22.9% How are applicants nogfied? N=48 We have developed our own no*fica*on method 52.1% We use or have modified the Provincial No*fica*on Leeer 47.9%

14 Archaeological Costs to Advise Applicant if Further Study Required N=13 More than $ % $500 to $ % $250 to $500 31% Less than $250 15% IdenGfying Archaeological Sites and PotenGal Areas: Archaeological Overview Assessment (AOA) IdenGfies areas with archaeological potengal = potengal mapping Incorporate into Official Community Plans Useful in planning and development approval processes Cost sharing available 14

15 Archaeological Overview Assessment Studies High Archaeological Poten*al in ORANGE City of Langford Archaeological PotenGal Map 15

16 What concepts are in the OCP? N=52 We do not discuss archaeology in our OCP(s). 50% Areas with significant poten*al to contain protected archaeological sites are iden*fied through Archaeological Overview Assessment mapping. Special management zones such as development permit areas are defined. 7.7% 7.7% Land owners are informed that development applica*ons will be reviewed to determine whether they need to engage a professional archaeologist. Land owners are directed to contact the Archaeology Branch. 26.9% 23.1% Archaeological sites are noted as protected under the Heritage Conserva*on Act. 28.8% Working with First NaGons The majority of sites managed under the HCA are First NaGon in origin These sites represented FN history and heritage The most effecgve management of these sites takes place when there is a good, clear relagonship between the FN and local government E.g. Powell River/Sliammon 16

17 Final Word Why and How Why? Allows early planning as a service to your consgtuents. Early planning allows: Flexible planning Reduced resource management Gme and costs Superior archaeological site conservagon PosiGve relagonships with First NaGons How? IdenGfy and NoGfy 17