THE PERFORMANCE OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS URBAN NATURE PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH
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1 1 18 THE PERFORMANCE OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS URBAN NATURE PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH Sinja Gatting (M.A.) & Prof. Dr. Claudia Hornberg Bielefeld University Faculty of Health Sciences Department,Environment & Health October 05-06, 2016 Island of Vilm (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) BfN Expert Workshop: Urban Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change
2 2 18 THE PERFORMANCE OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS URBAN NATURE PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH Coordinating author: Co-authors: With contributions by: Claudia Hornberg Reinhard Beyer, Thomas Classen, Tobias Herbst, Mathias Hofmann, Jasmin Honold, Elke van der Meer, Silke Wissel & Henry Wüstemann Leonie Fischer & Ingo Kowarik
3 Natural capital Germany TEEB DE: Overview of the project THE PERFORMANCE OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS PROTECTING HEALTH & IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE THE TEEB PROJECT The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity The TEEB DE report online:
4 S. Gatting How the environment & health are related HOW THE ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ARE RELATED
5 How the environment & health are related Promote Protective factors Risk factors Promote Should ENHANCE Health promotion Should DECREASE Prevention Source: Own diagramme, with ideas from Antonovsky (1997), Bauer & Bittlingmayer (2016), BZgA (2009), Hurrelmann, Laaser & Richter (2016)
6 S. Gatting Psychological effects of urban nature THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF URBAN NATURE
7 Psychological effects of urban nature PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF URBAN NATURE Improved concentration & performance Short-, medium- & long-term effects Nature & individual factors: spending time in a natural environment looking at the green from a window looking at pictures of natural scenery Consequences Keeping up & restoring sick less often not as tired increased productivity Berman et al. (2008); Berto (2005); Bringslimark et al. (2007); Fjeld (2000); Frumkin (2003); Harting et al. (2003); Kaplan (2001); Matsuoka (2010); Tennessen & Cimprich (1995)
8 Psychological effects of urban nature PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF URBAN NATURE Improved well-being Greater satisfaction with the environment at home & at work This influences one s satisfaction with life The general well-being is improved Positive correlations with decreased domestic violence greater satisfaction with the job decreased likelihood of quitting the job Amérigo & Aragonés (1997) Aries et al. (2010) Bonaiuto et al. (1999) Kaplan (2001) Kuo & Sullivan (2001) Kweon et al. (2007) Leather et al. (1998)
9 Psychological effects of urban nature PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF URBAN NATURE Faster rate of healing Healing after surgery? View from the patient s room / Plants in the room Green environment: a significantly lower need for painkillers improved well-being shorter stay in hospital Park (2006) Ulrich (1984)
10 Physical effects of urban nature 5 6 S. Gatting PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF URBAN NATURE
11 Physical effects of urban nature 5 6 Physical effects of urban nature Looking at 24 diseases / illnesses Persons not living near a green area exhibited significantly more cardiovascular diseases diseases of airways musculo-skeletal disorders psychosomatic disorders psychological & psychiatric disorders Maas et al. (2009)
12 Physical effects of urban nature 5 6 Physical effects of urban nature There is a significant correlation between increasing biodiversity & a decreasing number of people suffering from allergies Hanski et al. (2012) There is a potential for synergies between health & nature protection An important point with greening urban areas: Only a few plant species are responsible for about 90% of all pollen allergies
13 Physical effects of urban nature 5 6 Physical effects of urban nature Risks due to the climate change: Stress from extreme heat Impact on morbidity & mortality Groups at risk: older people people working or exercising in the open heat-sensitive individuals Urban green & blue areas: contribute to cooling the immediate environment (microclimate) potentially decrease air & noise pollution constitute a resource for lowering the burden of disease (BoD)
14 Physical effects of urban nature 5 6 Physical effects of urban nature Regular moderate physical activity promotes good health The health effects are many are specific to the various stages of life can be demonstrated throughout a person s life Green areas are hubs for walking & exercising The role of different landscape elements & characteristics as well as conditions are specific to different population groups
15 Quantification & economic assessment 6 QUANTIFICATION & ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN NATURE FOR HUMAN HEALTH S. Gatting
16 Conclusions & recommendations CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HEALTH-PROMOTING URBAN DEVELOPMENT S. Gatting
17 Conclusions & recommendations Urban green areas have a positive impact on human health & are an increasingly important topic in urban development Supporting urban nature as a way to maintain & promote health is a responsibility of the communities in particular Planning & implementation measures should include interdisciplinary cooperation consider health aspects from the start include the local residents early on take into account needs specific to population groups & local inequalities consider & further develop existing quality criteria a need for more research
18 18 18 October 05-06, 2016 Island of Vilm (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) BfN Expert Workshop: Urban Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change THE PERFORMANCE OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS URBAN NATURE PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Sinja Gatting (M.A.) Prof. Dr. Claudia Hornberg
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21 21 18 REFERENCES KAPLAN, S., Meditation, restoration, and the management of mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior 33: doi 10/fdmf5q. KUO, F. E., SULLIVAN, W. C., Environment and crime in the inner city. Environment and Behavior 33: KWEON, B.-S., ULRICH, R. S., WALKER, V. D., TASSINARY, L. G., Anger and stress: The role of landscape posters in an office setting. Environment and Behavior 40: LEATHER, P., PYRGAS, M., BEALE, D., LAWRENCE, C., Windows in the workplace: Sunlight, view, and occupational stress. Environment and Behavior 30: MAAS, J., VERHEIJ, R. A., DE VRIES, S., SPREEUWENBERG, P., SCHELLEVIS, F. G., GROENEWEGEN, P. P., Morbidity is related to a green living environment. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health 63: MATSUOKA, R. H., Student performance and high school landscapes: Examining the links. Landscape and Urban Planning 97: PARK, S. H., Randomized clinical trials evaluating therapeutic influences of ornamental indoor plants in hospital rooms on health outcomes of patients recovering from surgery. Dissertation. Kansas State University. Download ( dspace/handle/2097/227)
22 22 18 REFERENCES TENNESSEN, C. M., CIMPRICH, B., Views to nature: Effects on attention. Journal of Environmental Psychology 15: ULRICH, R., View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science 224:
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