GEOS3520 Urban Citizenship and Sustainability

Transcription

1 University of Sydney School of Geosciences GEOS3520 Urban Citizenship and Sustainability First Semester 2015 Professor Phil McManus (Unit Co-ordinator) t: e: Dr Amanda Tattersall t: e:

2 Table of contents Introduction to the Unit of Study... 2 Learning Objectives and Outcomes... 3 Class times... 4 Lecture Schedule and Outlines... 4 Assessment... 8 Essay Questions... 9 Practicals Tutorials and Required Reading Academic Honesty and Plagiarism Guidelines for Application for Special Consideration Introduction to the Unit of Study More than half the world's population now live in cities. The contemporary growth of cities, however, is attached to profound political and environmental questions about what it means to be urban, and what being urban means for the planet. Urban Citizenship and Sustainability provides grounding to these crucial questions, by examining urban environments from the dual perspectives of citizenship and sustainability. The Unit begins by addressing the issue of urban sustainability. Are cities sustainable? Why or why not? And for whom? In the second half of the semester, we will consider the different forms of citizenship associated with different approaches to urban sustainability. How are urban inhabitants taking action on urban environmental questions, and what new models of citizenship are emerging from their action? Through the semester, a practicals program enables students to develop urban-based research projects. Key skills will be introduced relating to how to conduct consultancy research. These skills include communication, developing a CV, working in teams and critical thinking. The Unit will also enable students to build on concepts covered in Intermediate Geography Units, especially GEOS2123 The Geography of Cities and Regions and GEOS2121 Environmental and Resource Management. 2

3 Learning Objectives and Outcomes In Urban Citizenship and Sustainability, we aim to create a safe space for students to develop their ideas, knowledge and critical thinking skills while learning about important topics and developing useful generic skills for their future employment and life. We have developed the following list of key learning outcomes, and we hope you will use this list to monitor your own progress through the semester. These learning outcomes relate to Faculty of Science s Graduate Attributes, which can be found here. The relevant attributes for each learning outcome are listed in brackets. By the end of this unit of study students should be able to: 1. understand the history of sustainable development (A1, A5, B2, B5, D2); 2. recognise various approaches to sustainability (A1, A5, B2, B5, D2); 3. converse with government officials, activists and business interests about the topic of sustainability (A5, C2, C3, C4); 4. articulate their own preferred concept of sustainability and be able to justify their position (A1, A2, A4, D2); 5. define citizenship, and describe its different dimensions (A1, A5, B2, B5, D1); 6. explain the relationship between citizenship and space (A1, A5, B2, B5, D1); 7. use their understanding of citizenship to analyse instances of urban conflict across different times and spaces (A1, A5, B2, B5, D1); 8. apply their understanding of the relationship between cities and citizenship to critically reflect on different approaches to sustainability (A1, A5, B2, B5, D1, D2). By the end of the Practicals component, students should be able to: 9. appreciate the importance of group work (C5, C6, C7); 10. work effectively in groups, and to understand why a group is working well or is not working well (C5, C6, C7, D3, E3, E4); 11. present a suitable Curriculum Vitae which can be developed once they leave the University of Sydney (C2); 12. write a business letter (C2); 13. present their work, using powerpoint, to government officials, etc. (B5, C2, C3); 14. write a Report (rather than just an essay) (C1, C2); 15. link this particular topic with the lecture material on sustainability (B2, B3, E5); 16. prepare a covering letter, CV and performing well in a job interview once they graduate from the University of Sydney (C2). 3

4 Class times Lectures will be conducted in two hour blocks, once per week. The lectures take place from 10am-12pm on Wednesdays in Carslaw Lab Room 408. Tutorials begin in Week 2. Students are expected to attend their timetabled tutorials each week. If on occasion you cannot attend at your regular time, please talk to your tutor about attending another tutorial in that week. Practical classes will begin in Week 3 and be held on Thursdays. Students are expected to attend their timetabled prac class each week, maintaining a regular time to enable groups to function. Leonardo Valenzuela is the Prac Coordinator. Lecture Schedule and Outlines 4 March Introduction: Sustainable Development and Sustainable Cities This lecture introduces the history of sustainability thought, the World Commission on Environment and Development definition, the subsequent UNCED conference and follow-up conferences, alternative definitions and their underlying concepts, and explores these ideas in the context of urban environments. It does so at various scales, ranging from global scale processes to local government action in Sydney. The lecture highlights unsustainable cities and the desire to make cities more sustainable, which is positioned as part of a longer-term goal to improve urban environments. (Phil, Amanda) 11 March Urban Form: Ideal models and less than ideal practice This lecture traces the evolution of thought about improving urban environments, highlighting the importance of perceptions about what needed improvement, who was going to do it, how it was going to be done and what was the vision of a desirable city. By discussing the major urban visionaries (including 18 th century industrialists, Ebenezer Howard and Le Corbusier, among others), their ideas and the subsequent implementation (or otherwise) of their plans, this lecture highlights the links between sustainable cities and other urban visions, whilst offering potential lessons for implementation of contemporary ideas based on previous practice. (Phil) 18 March Measuring Sustainable Cities Which city is the most sustainable? The idea of comparing urban sustainability between cities is a logical extension of sustainability indicators developed for individual cities. While it contains benefits such as raising awareness about issues, providing a tool for urban environmental management, and enabling comparisons between cities across the world, the concept of measuring cities is complex and various attempts have been undertaken to provide measurements that can be used in the formulation of urban policy. This lecture looks at Ecological Footprints, sustainability 4

5 indicators and comparative sustainability metrics to explore issues related to measuring sustainable cities. (Phil) 25 March Cities and the Environment: Nature and Contemporary Eco-cities Nature is often seen as the area outside of the city, and is contrasted with the supposed civilisation of the city. Recent thought in geography and related disciplines has thoroughly critiqued this notion, leading to an expansion of work on urban nature, including restoration, urban wildlife and urban forestry. While these ideas have been introduced, with varying success, into existing urban environments, they often form the basis for new cities, including cities currently under construction in locations such as China and the UAE. This lecture looks at the emergence of eco-cities, and links the premise of these urban environments to previous lectures on sustainable cities and greenfield development that has taken place in countries such as the UK, France, Australia and Japan. (Sue Hobley) 1 April Issues for Australian Cities and Sustainability There are numerous issues that fall under the umbrella of sustainable cities. Many of these issues will have been raised in the previous lectures, including measurement of criteria in various sustainability metrics. In this lecture, a limited number of issues will be explored in more detail, particularly how they manifest at various scales, including that of Australian cities and local environmental issues pertaining to Sydney. The lecture will highlight the specific characteristics of some issues, while identifying similarities between issues and how they may be addressed in a move towards more sustainable cities. (Phil) Mid semester break 15 April Climate change and sustainable urban environments This lecture will question the ability and means to achieve sustainable cities with a focus on the process and effects of climate change, climate extremes and natural disasters. Can we ever attain sustainable cities and urban centres when so many have been constructed in geographic places subject to extreme natural hazards and their accompanying disasters? The lecture will note the intersection between the distribution of megacities and disaster zones. Case study material from NSW will be compared and contrasted with other urban centres to illustrate the complexities and pressures faced by communities and governments to build residential property to ease burden of affordable housing shortages. We will finish by exploring who is actually at risk from occupying homes constructed in places less safe (Phil) 22 April Cities and citizenship This session will outline the concepts that inform the second half of the Unit of Study. In the first half of the session, we discuss the meaning of citizenship, considering both its histories and its geographies. In the second half, we will consider the nature of the relationship between cities and citizenship, focusing in particular on the role of the city as a subject, site and object of citizen action. This session will set up our discussions over the next few weeks, in which we will examine the 5

6 different concepts of urban citizenship that underpin different visions of the sustainable city. (Amanda) 29 April Urban social movements and the insurgent citizen In this session, we will consider the ways in which groups of insurgent citizens have taken novel forms of contentious action on the urban environment through urban social movements, in which environmental issues have been pursued alongside other social justice agendas including class, race and gender. We will focus in particular on the green ban movement in Sydney in the 1970s, and the environmental justice movement in the United States. (Amanda) 6 May Ecological citizenship and the city This session will consider the ways in which taken-for-granted scales and configurations of citizenship have been disrupted by the emergence of environmental politics. Given that environmental issues rarely conform to the political boundaries of nation-states typically associated with citizenship, what might it mean to talk about a set of environmental rights and responsibilities that operate at the scale of ecological processes? And where does the city fit in these emerging new geographies of ecological citizenship? (Amanda) 13 May Neo-liberalism and the consumer-citizen As markets become increasingly entrenched as the favoured mechanism for allocating resources and governing behaviour, is citizenship increasingly becoming a matter of voting with your dollar? In this session, we will examine the emergence of the consumer-citizen and associated debates about whether cities can be made more sustainable through the exercise of consumer choice. Can we make the city more sustainable, one organic-latte-in-a-keep-cup at a time? (Amanda) 20 May Smart cities and the networked citizen Can technology save us? In this lecture, we will consider claims that urban infrastructures like transport and energy can be optimised for more sustainable outcomes by governing their operation with the use of computational urban informatics systems. Can networked sensors and surveillance devices, smart-phones, and ubiquitous computing do some of the work of sustainability for us? And what place is there for citizens and citizenship in the smart city? (Amanda) 27 May Mega-cities and the squatter citizen In many of the emerging mega-cities of the global South, countless urban inhabitants find themselves living off the grid in appalling urban environments in which basic urban infrastructure such as housing, water and power is often secured informally, outside of formal regulatory networks. And yet, in several cities in India, Brazil and elsewhere, new forms of squatter citizenship 6

7 are emerging, as people assert their status as citizens with rights to the urban environment. In this session, as in the last, we will examine the ways in which urban environmental sustainability is transformed when brought into dialogue with questions of redistribution and inequality. (Kurt) 3 June Unit Wrap Up In this final session, Phil and Amanda will lead a discussion of the connecting themes of the Unit (which might be kinda useful for the exam ). 7

8 Assessment GEOS3520 is a semester course. The assessment for the whole semester is: Essay 30% Tutorial participation 10% Practicals Assignments 25% Final written exam (2 hours during exam period) 35% TOTAL 100% The essay, tutorial participation, and final written exam assess learning outcomes 1-8. The practical assignments assess learning outcomes 9-16 A separate handout will be given to the GEOS3920 Advanced students which will involve a different assessment exercise worth 30% that replaces the essay. Specific criteria are provided for each assessment. The broader marking criteria are as follows: High Distinction (HD) At HD level, a student demonstrates a flair for the subject and comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the unit material. A High Distinction reflects exceptional achievement and is awarded to a student who demonstrates the ability to apply subject knowledge to novel situations. Distinction (D) At D level, a student demonstrates an aptitude for the subject and a solid knowledge and understanding of the unit material. A Distinction reflects excellent achievement and is awarded to a student who demonstrates an ability to apply the key ideas of the subject. Credit (CR) At CR level, a student demonstrates a good command and knowledge of the unit material. A Credit reflects solid achievement and is awarded to a student who has a broad understanding of the unit material but has not fully developed the ability to apply the key ideas of the subject. Pass (P) At P level, a student demonstrates proficiency in the unit material. A Pass reflects satisfactory achievement and is awarded to a student who has threshold knowledge of the subject. Fail (F) At F level, a student does not demonstrate proficiency in the unit material. A fail reflects unsatisfactory achievement and is given to a study who does not have threshold knowledge of the subject. 8

9 Essay Questions Answer one of the following 3 questions. The essay is due by Tuesday 12 May at 4.00pm. Word length: 2,000 words. A penalty of 5% per day will be deducted for lateness. The essay is to be submitted electronically to a drop box details will be given in the lectures. If you have reasons to apply for Special Consideration for late submission, please follow the procedures described on page. Essays should be referenced using the Harvard referencing system, details can be found here: Suggested readings are kept in Special Reserve in the SciTech Library or are available electronically. Students are expected to research beyond the set readings. Essay marks will be awarded for evidence of understanding the material, the ability to answer the question as set, critical thinking skills, correct spelling and grammar, correct referencing and your ability to work within the word limit. 1. As more and more cities adopt sustainability as a goal and aim to radically change current ways of development of cities, it becomes necessary to determine whether the actions being taken are indeed enabling communities to become more sustainable. Hiremath, et al, 2013, 556. How may urban sustainability indicators address the above concern raised by HIremath et al (2103)? To what extent has this concern been addressed by work done to date on this issue? What, if anything, remains to be done in urban sustainability indicator work tomake cities more sustainable and to promote sustainability generally? Suggested readings: Australian Conservation Foundation (2010) Sustainable Cities Index: Ranking Australia s largest 20 cities in Australian Conservation Foundation, Melbourne. Bell, S. and Morse, S. (1999), Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable. London: Earthscan. Bell, S. and Morse, S. (2001), Breaking through the glass ceiling: who really cares about sustainability indicators? Local Environment, 6(3): Borowy, I. (2014) Defining Sustainable Development for Our Common Future: A History of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission), Earthscan/Routledge, London. Hiremath, R.B. et al (2013) Indicator-based urban sustainability A Review. Energy for Sustainable Development. 17,

10 Low, N., Gleeson, B., Green, R. and Radovic, D. (2005) What does sustainability mean for cities? in The Green City: Sustainable Homes, Sustainable Suburbs, UNSW Press, Sydney, pp McManus, P. (2012) Measuring urban sustainability: The potential and pitfalls of city rankings. Australian Geographer, 43 (4), Newton, P. (2012) Liveable and sustainable? Socio-technical challenges for Twenty-First Century cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 19 (1), Portney, K (2002). Taking sustainable cities seriously: a comparative analysis of twenty-four US cities. Local Environment, 7(4), Rydin, Y. (2007) Indicators as a governmental technology? The lessons of community-based sustainability indicator projects, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 25 (4), Turco, C. (2013) Re-thinking sustainability indicators: Local perspectives of urban sustainability. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 56 (5), Are the contemporary eco-cities an improvement or not on the work of earlier urban reformers such as Benjamin Ward Richardson, David Dale/Robert Owen, Titus Salt, Ebenezer Howard and Le Corbusier, amongst others? Why or why not? Suggested readings: Caprotti, F. (2014) Critical research on eco-cities? A walk through the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, China. Cities 36, Hardy, D. (2000) Quasi Utopias: Perfect Cities in an Imperfect World in Freestone, R. (ed.) Urban Planning in a Changing World: The Twentieth Century Experience, E&FN Spon, London, pp Harvey, D. (2000) "The Spaces of Utopia" in Spaces of Hope, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp Gunawansa, A. (2011) Contractual and policy challenges to developing ecocities. Sustainable Development 19 (6), Heikkila, E.and Xu, Y. (2014) Seven Prototypical Chinese Cities. Urban Studies, 51(4), Hewitt, L.E. (2012) Associational culture and the shaping of urban space: Civic societies in Britain before Urban History, 39 (4), I-Chun, C.C. & Sheppard, E. (2013) China s eco-cities as variegated urban sustainability: Dongtan Ecocity and Chongming Eco-Island. Journal of Urban Technology, 20(1), Jabareen, Y. (2006) Sustainable urban forms: Their typologies, models and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 26, Kenworthy, J. (2006) The eco-city: ten key transport and planning dimensions for sustainable city development. Environment and Urbanization. 18 (1) pp McManus, P., 2005, Vortex Cities to Sustainable Cities: Australia s Urban Challenge, UNSW Press, Sydney. McManus, P (2012). Ecocities and sustainable urban environments. In Murray, J. Cawthorne, G., Dey, C. and Andrew, C. (Eds) Enough for all forever: A handbook for learning about sustainability. Champaign (Ill): Common Ground, Rapoport, E. (2014) Utopian visions and real estate dreams: The eco-city past, present and future. Geography Compass 8(2), Reiche, D. (2010) Renewable Energy Policies in the Gulf countries: A case study of the carbon-neutral "Masdar City" in Abu Dhabi. Energy Policy, 38 (1), pp Richardson, B.W. (1876) Hygeia, A city of health. MacMillan & Co., London. 10

11 Van Berkel, R., et al. (2009) Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: Analysis of the Eco-Town program Journal of Environmental Management. 90, Whitehead, I. (2010) Models of Sustainability? A comparative analysis of ideal city planning in Saltaire and Masdar City. Available 0of%20sustainability%202.pdf Wiberg, K. (2010) Envisioning the ecocity. World Watch, v23 (2) pp Wu, F. (2012) China s eco-cities. Geoforum 43, Plus special issues with multiples articles of relevance; Ecologist Sustainable Cities: A greener urban environment. June New Scientist Ecolopolis: Last hope for the natural world. June How do issues of urban environmental sustainability challenge conventional configurations of citizenship associated with the nation-state? Be sure to use examples of specific events or campaigns to substantiate your argument. Suggested readings: Bullen, A. and Whitehead, M. (2005) Negotiating the networks of space, time and substance: A geographical perspective on the sustainable citizen. Citizenship Studies, 9(5), pp Dobson, A. (2003) Citizenship and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dobson, A. (2006) Ecological citizenship: a Defence. Environmental Politics, 15(3), pp Gabrielson, T. (2008) Green citizenship: a review and critique, Citizenship Studies, 12(4), pp Hayward, T. (2006) Ecological citizenship: Justice, rights and the virtue of resourcefulness. Environmental Politics, 15(3), pp Isin, E. (2009) Citizenship in flux: the figure of the activist citizen. Subjectivity, 29: Latta, P. A. (2007) Locating democratic politics in ecological citizenship. Environmental Politics, 16(3), pp Marshall, T. H. (1998) Citizenship and social class. In Shafir, G. (ed) The citizenship debates: a reader, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. Melo-Escrihuela, C. (2008) Promoting Ecological Citizenship: Rights, Duties and Political Agency. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 7 (2), pp Rose, N. (2000) Governing cities, governing citizens. In E.F. Isin (ed), Democracy, citizenship and the global city. London and New York: Routledge Scerri, A. (2012) Green citizenship and the political critique of injustice. Citizenship Studies, ifirst article. Scerri, A. (2012) Greening citizenship: sustainable development, the state and ideology. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Sparks, H (1997) Dissident citizenship. Hypatia, 12(4), pp Staeheli, L. A. (2003) Introduction: Cities and Citizenship. Urban Geography, 24(2), pp Tully, J. (1999) The agonic freedom of citizens. Economy and Society, 28(2), pp Turner, B. S. (1994) General Commentary. In Turner, B.S. and Hamilton, P. (eds) Citizenship: Critical Concepts, Volume 1. Routledge: London. 11

12 Vandenberg, A. (2000) Contesting Citizenship and Democracy in a Global Era. In Vanbenberg, A. (ed) Citizenship and Democracy in a Global Era, Macmillan: London,

13 Essay Marking Criteria High Distinction The information in this essay is accurate, the material is referenced, well-written and demonstrates a sophisticated analysis of the question. The HD essay will generally go beyond the references provided. Students will show a high level of critical thinking, understanding and sophistication in their response. Distinction The information in this essay is accurate and there are sufficient references. The material is wellwritten. The question is answered, and the student will show a strong capacity for critical thinking and some sophistication in their response. Credit Key concepts are explained (mostly accurately) and some main features are identified. The material is referenced, generally well-written and the question is answered. There is likely to be less research than a HD or D essay, but the understanding and written communication exceeds that of a P essay. Pass Key concepts are explained somewhat accurately, but the level of detail and knowledge is less than essays that are awarded a credit grade or above. The material is generally referenced correctly, there are some grammatical errors but the essay is readable and the structure of the essay is logical, even if the content within this structure is deficient in various ways. Fail Explanations are mostly inaccurate and the material is poorly referenced. The question is not answered. Students will show little understanding of key concept and will have difficulties applying those concepts in answer to the question. There are likely to be problems with one or more of the following; spelling, grammar, referencing, structure and/or presentation. 13

14 Practicals Practical classes in this course are based on developing skills for consultancy research. Many of these skills are transferable and would be advantageous for students who are seeking work in federal, state and local government or continuing with higher education. Practical classes involve team-based tasks, and emphasise presentation skills. During the semester you will be required to complete two team projects, worth a combined 25%. Note that in allocating 25% to these tasks, we have attempted to balance differing feedback from previous years. Some students do not like having high marks associated with group work exercises, but the two tasks nevertheless represent a quantity of work that needs to be recognised in the overall assessment. Full details about the Practical Project, including grading criteria will be provided at the first Practical Session in Week 3. The schedule for Practical classes is: Practicals Assessment tasks due Week 1 (5 March) No class Week 2 (12 March) No class Week 3 (19 March) Prac 1: Intro/ team formation Week 4 (26 March) Prac 2: Working on Task 1 Week 5 (2 April) Prac 3: Presentations Task 1 due Easter AVCC Week 6 (16 April) Prac 4: Intro to Task 2 Week 7 (23 April) Prac 5: Working on Task 2 Week 8 (30 April) Prac 6: Working on Task 2 Week 9 (7 May) Prac 7: Working on Task 2 Week 10 (14 May) Prac 8: Working on Task 2 Week 11 (21 May) Prac 9: Presentations Task 2 presentations Week 12 (28 May) No class Task 2 report due Week 13 (4 June) No class 14

15 Tutorials and Required Reading Tutorial attendance and participation is expected in this unit. Tutorial discussions will be based on the Designated Readings listed below. These readings are provided electronically via the Library Catalogue. We have also provided ideas for further reading on each topic. Tutorial marking criteria Tutorial participation will be marked using the following criteria: Attendance will account for 5 marks in total, with 0.5 marks deducted for every session not attended without Special Consideration. The remaining 5 marks will be awarded for participation. Participation will be assessed as follows. 0 marks: Shows no interest in the class (i.e., patchy attendance, sits in class, says nothing, and does not provide any evidence of having done the reading). 1 mark: Participates in some discussions, shows some evidence of having done the reading. 2-3 marks: Displays more active engagement in discussions. (Note: the more a person speaks in class does not automatically mean they are making a better quality contribution to the class discussion. Participation is not to be equated to talking too much!) 4 marks: Regular contributor with high-level interpretive contributions, more thorough evidence of having thought about the reading, etc 5 marks: Student shines out because of innovative, high quality contributions and leadership in the group (where leadership does not mean domination, but helping to set direction of discussion and facilitate the contributions of others in the room). 15

16 Week 1 Sustainable Development and Sustainable Cities Williams, K. (2010): Sustainable cities: research and practice challenges, International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 1:1-2, Further reading Campbell, S. (1996) Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development in APA Journal, 62, 3, pp Gibson, R. with Hassan, S. et al (2005) Sustainability: The essentials of the concept in Gibson, R with Hassan, S. et al (2005) Sustainability Assessment: Criteria and Processes, Earthscan, London, pp Gleeson,B. and Low, N. (2000) Cities as consumers of the world s environment in Low, N. et al (2000) Consuming Cities: The Urban Environment in the Global Economy after the Rio Declaration, Routledge, London, pp Haughton, G. and Hunter, C. (2003) Sustainable Cities, Routledge, London. House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment and Heritage (2005) Sustainable Cities, report and other information is available at Keivani, R. (2010) A review of the main challenges to urban sustainability, International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 1:1-2, pp.5-16 Newman, P. and Kenworthy, J. (1999) The concept of sustainability and its relationship to cities in Newman, P. & Kenworthy, J., Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming automobile dependency, Island Press, Washington D.C. and Covelo, California, pp Rydin, Y. (2010) Governing for Sustainable Urban Development. Earthscan, London. UN Habitat (2010) State of the World s Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide. Earthscan, London. White, M.A. (2013) Sustainability: I know it when I see it. Ecological Economics 86, pp Week 2 Urban Form: Ideal models and less than ideal practice Rudlin, D. and Falk, N. (1999) Lost Utopias in Rudlin, D. and Falk, N., Building the 21 st Century Home: The sustainable urban neighbourhood, Architectural Press, Oxford, Further reading: Behan, K., Maoh, H. and Kanaroqlou, P. (2008) Smart growth strategies, transportation and urban sprawl: Simulated futures for Hamilton, Ontario, Canadian Geographer, 52 (3) Bunker, R. and Searle, G. (2007) Seeking certainty: Recent planning for Sydney and Melbourne. Town Planning Review, 78(5), pp Evans, C. and Freestone, R. (2010), From green belt to green web: Regional open space planning in Sydney, , Planning Practice and Research, 25(2), pp Filion, P. and McSpurren, K. (2007) Smart growth and development reality: The difficult coordination of land use and transport objectives. Urban Studies 44 (3), pp Freestone, R. (1982) The garden city idea in Australia, Australian Geographical Studies, 20(1),

17 Garde, A (2006) Designing and developing New Urbanist projects in the United States: Insights and implications, Journal of Urban Design, 11, 1, pp Garnaut, C. (2000) Towards metropolitan organization: town planning and the garden city idea in Hamnett, S. and Freestone, R. (eds.) The Australian Metropolis: A Planning History, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, pp Hardy, D. (2000) Quasi Utopias: Perfect Cities in an Imperfect World in Freestone, R. (ed.) Urban Planning in a Changing World: The Twentieth Century Experience, E&FN Spon, London, pp Jabareen, Y. (2006) Sustainable urban forms: Their typologies, models and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 26, McGuirk, P. (2005) Neoliberalist planning? Re-thinking and re-casting Sydney's metropolitan planning, Geographical Research, 43(1), pp McManus, P. (1998) Sustainability, Planning and Urban Form: The approaches of Troy, Newman & Kenworthy, Trainer and Rees in Australian Planner, 35, 3, Radovic, D. (ed.) (2009) Eco-Urbanity: Towards well-mannered built environments. Routledge, London. Searle, G. (2006) Is the City of Cities Metropolitan Strategy the answer for Sydney? Urban Policy and Research 24 (4), pp Searle, G. and Filion, P. (2011) Planning context and Urban intensification outcomes: Sydney versus Toronto.Urban Studies, 48(7), pp Tibbits, G. (1988) The enemy within our gates : Slum clearance and high-rise flats in Howe, R. (1988) (ed.) New Houses for Old: Fifty years of public housing in Victoria, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Melbourne, pp Week 43 Measuring Sustainable Cities McManus, P. and Haughton, G. (2006) Planning with Ecological Footprints: a sympathetic critique of theory and practice, Environment and Urbanization, 18, 1, pp Further reading: Astleithner F.; Hamedinger A.; Holman N.; Rydin Y.,(2004) Institutions and indicators the discourse about indicators in the context of sustainability. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 19, 1, pp 7-24 Australian Conservation Foundation (2010) Sustainable Cities Index: Ranking Australia s largest 20 cities in Australian Conservation Foundation, Melbourne. Bell, S. and Morse, S. (2003) Measuring Sustainability: learning from doing. Earthscan, London. Bell, S. and Morse, S., (2001) Breaking through the Glass Ceiling: who really cares about sustainability indicators? Local Environment, 6, 3, pp Bohringer, C. and Jochem, P. (2007) Measuring the immeasurable a survey of sustainability indices. Ecological Economics, 63, 1, pp.1-8 Brugmann, J. (1999) Is there method in our measurement? The use of indicators in local sustainable development planning. In D. Satterthwaite (ed) The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities, Earthscan, London, pp Fiala, N. (2008) Measuring sustainability: Why the ecological footprint is bad economics and bad environmental science. Ecological Economics, 67 (4,) pp

18 Holden, E (2004) Ecological footprints and sustainable urban form. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 19, 1, pp Hueting, R. and Reijnders, L (2004) Broad sustainability contra sustainability: the proper construction of sustainability indicators. Ecological Economics, 50, pp O'Regan, B.; Morrissey, J.; Foley, W. and Moles, R. (2009) The relationship between settlement population size and sustainable development measured by two sustainability metrics. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29 (3) pp Parker, P. (1995) From Sustainable Development Objectives to Indicators of Progress: Options for New Zealand Communities, New Zealand Geographer, 51, 2, Ramos, T.B. and; Caeiro, S. (2010) Meta-performance evaluation of sustainability indicators Ecological Indicators, 10 (2) pp Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. (1996) Ecological Footprints for Beginners in Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W., Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing human impact on the earth, Gabriola Island, B.C., New Society Publishers, pp.7-30 Whitehead, M. (2007) Sustainable Cities. In Whitehead, M. (2007) Spaces of Sustainability: Geographical perspectives on the sustainable society. Routledge, London, pp Week 4 Cities and the Environment: Nature and Contemporary Eco-cities McManus, P (2012). Ecocities and sustainable urban environments. In Murray, J. Cawthorne, G., Dey, C. and Andrew, C. (Eds) Enough for all forever: A handbook for learning about sustainability. Champaign (Ill): Common Ground, Further reading: Barkham, P. (2007) Chainsaw Massacre. The Guardian, England. May 3, (pp.1-4 reprinted in word format and available in electronic form from the U of Sydney library). Cloke, P. and Jones, O. (2004) Turning in the graveyard: Trees and the hybrid geographies of dwelling, monitoring and resistance in a Bristol cemetery. Cultural Geographies 11, pp Daniels, C. and Tait, C. (Eds) (2005) Adelaide, Nature of a city: the ecology of a dynamic city from 1836 to 2036 (BioCity: Centre for Urban Habitats, Adelaide). Davison, A. (2006) Stuck in a cul-de-sac? Suburban history and urban sustainability in Australia. Urban Policy and Research, 24 (2), pp Davison, A. and Ridder, B. (2006) Turbulent times for urban nature: conserving and re-inventing nature in Australian cities. Australian Zoologist, 33 (3), pp Fook, L.L. and Gang, C. (eds) (2010) Towards a Liveable and Sustainable Urban Environment: Ecocities in East Asia. World Scientific, New Jersey. Gobster, P. (2001) Visions of nature: conflict and compatibility in urban park restoration, Landscape and Urban Planning, 56 (1-2), pp Gunawansa, A. (2011) Contractual and policy challenges to developing ecocities, Sustainable Development, 19(6), pp Hinchliffe, S. et al (2005) Urban wild things: a cosmopolitical experiment, Environmental and Planning D: Society and Space, 23,5, pp Hinchliffe, S. and Whatmore, S. (2009) Living cities: towards a politics of conviviality. In White, D. and Wilbert, C. (eds) Technonatures: Environments, technologies, spaces, and places in the twenty-first century. Wilfred Laurier University Press, Waterloo. Pp

19 Jim, C. Y. (2005) Outstanding remnants of nature in compact cities: patterns and preservation of heritage trees in Guangzhou city (China), Geoforum, 36 (3), pp Jorgenson, A. And Keenan, R. (eds) (2012) Urban Wildscapes. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon. Low, N. et al, (2005) Nature in the City in The Green City: Sustainable Homes, Sustainable Suburbs. UNSW Press, Sydney. pp McManus, P. (2010) Planning with and for trees in Perth: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. In Alexander, Greive, S. and Hedgcock, D. (eds) Planning Perspectives from Western Australia:A reader in theory and practice. Fremantle Press, Fremantle McManus, P. (2006) Mangrove battlelines: culture/nature and ecological restoration Australian Geographer, 37 (1), pp McManus, P. (2005) Biodiversity in Vortex Cities to Sustainable Cities: Australia s Urban Challenge, UNSW Press. Sydney. pp Reiche, D. (2010) Renewable Energy Policies in the Gulf countries: A case study of the carbon-neutral "Masdar City" in Abu Dhabi. Energy Policy, 38 (1), pp Whitehead, I. (2010) Models of Sustainability? A comparative analysis of ideal city planning in Saltaire and Masdar City. Available at 0of%20sustainability%202.pdf Wiberg, K. (2010) Envisioning the ecocity. World Watch, 23 (2) pp Yokohari, M. and Amati, M. (2005) Nature in the city, city in the nature: case studies of the restoration of urban nature in Tokyo, Japan and Toronto, Canada. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 1, pp Ecologist Sustainable Cities: A greener urban environment. June New Scientist Ecolopolis: Last hope for the natural world. June Week 5 Issues for Australian Cities and Sustainability Newton, P.W. (2012) Liveable and Sustainable? Socio-Technical Challenges for Twenty-First- Century Cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 19 (1), Further reading: Andrews, C (1999) Putting Industrial Ecology into Place: Evolving roles for planners, Journal of the American Planning Association, 65, 4, pp Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M. (2005) Rethinking sustainable cities: multilevel governance and the urban politics of climate change in Environmental Politics, 14, 1, pp Droege, P. (2006) The Renewable City: A comprehensive guide to an urban revolution. Wiley- Academy, Chichester. Glazebrook, G. (2011) Generating solutions for sustainable urban transport - The Sydney experience. Road and Transport Research 20(1), Hutton, D. and Connors, L. (1999), Urban Issues and Pollution in Hutton, D. and Connors, L., A History of the Australian Environment Movement, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp

20 Kollikkathara, N, Feng, H. and Stern, E. (2009) A purview of waste management evolution: Special emphasis on USA. Waste Management, 29 (2) McManus, P., Gleeson, B. (2014). Urban settlements. In David Lindenmayer, Stephen Dovers, Steve Morton (Eds.), Ten Commitments Revisited: Securing Australia's Future Environment, (pp ). Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. McManus, P. (2005) Water. Vortex Cities to Sustainable Cities: Australia s urban challenge. UNSW Pres, Sydney McManus, P. (2002) Your car is as welcome as you are: A history of transportation and planning in the Perth Metropolitan Region in Trinca, M, Haebich and Gaynor, A. (eds.) Country: Visions of land and people in Western Australia, UWA History/WA Museum, Perth, pp Newman, P. (2006) The environmental impact of cities. Environment and Urbanization, 18 (2), pp Van Berkel, R., Fujita, T., Hashimoto, S. and Geng, Y. (2009) Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: Analysis of the Eco-Town program Journal of Environmental Management. 90, Week 6 Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Sustainable Cities Solecki, W. et al., (2011) Climate change adaptation strategies and disaster risk reduction in cities: connections, contentions, and synergies. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3 (3), Further reading: ABC (2010) Arthurton, R. (1998). Marine-related physical natural hazards affecting coastal megacities of the Asia-Pacific region - awareness and mitigation. Ocean and Coastal Management, 40 (1), The Australian Newspaper (2009) The Australian Newspaper (2010) Borden et al. (2007) Vulnerability of US cities to environmental hazards. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 4 (2) De Sherbinin et al., (2007) The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards. Environment and Urbanization, 19, (1), Granger, K. (2003) Cairns: a community at risk. Natural Hazards, 30 (2), Lopez-Marrero, T. and Tschakert, P. (2011) From theory to practice: building more resilient communities in flood-prone areas. Environment and Urbanization, 23 (1), McManus, P. (2015). Climate change mitigation and adaptation: Towards sustainable and equitable cities. In Shrestha, K, Ojha, H., McManus, P., Rubbo, A. and Dote, K. (eds) 2015 Inclusive Urbanisation: Rethinking policy, practice and research in the age of climate change. Routledge, London, pp McManus, P., Shrestha, K.K and Yoo, D. (2014) Equity and climate change: Local adaptation issues and responses in the City of Lake Macquarie, Australia, Urban Climate, 10,

21 Rice, J.L. (2014) An urban political economy of climate change, Geography Compass, 8 ( 6), Week 7 Cities and Citizenship Holston, J. and A. Appadurai (1999) Introduction: Cities and Citizenship. In Holston, J. and A. Appadurai (eds) Cities and Citizenship, Durham, Duke University Press. Further reading: Hindess, B. (2000) Limits to Citizenship. In Hudson, W. amd Kane, J. (eds) Rethinking Australian Citizenship, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press: Isin, E. (1999) Introduction: Democracy, Citizenship and the City. In Isin, E. (ed) Democracy, Citizenship and the City, London, Routledge: Isin, E. (2002) Being political: genealogies of citizenship: Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. Isin, E. and Turner, B.S. (2002) Citizenship Studies: an introduction. In Isin, E. and Turner, B.S. (eds) Handbook of citizenship studies, London: Sage: Keane, J. (2011) Refolution in the Arab world, available at Painter, J. and C. Philo (1995) Spaces of citizenship: an introduction. In Political Geography, 14(2): Staeheli, L. A. (2003) Introduction: Cities and Citizenship. In Urban Geography, 24(2): Tully, J. (1999) The agonic freedom of citizens. In Economy and Society, 28(2): 170 Turner, B. S. (1994) General Commentary. In Turner, B.S. and Hamilton, P. (eds) Citizenship: Critical Concepts, Volume 1. Routledge: London. Vandenberg, A. (2000) Contesting Citizenship and Democracy in a Global Era. In Vanbenberg, A. (ed) Citizenship and Democracy in a Global Era, Macmillan: London, Week 8 Urban Social Movements and the Insurgent Citizen Burgmann, V. (2000) The social responsibility of labour versus the environmental impact of property capital: The Australian green bans movement in Environmental Politics, 9(2): Further reading: Anderson, K. and Jacobs, J. (1999) Geographies of publicity and privacy: residential activism in Sydney in the 1970s Environment and Planning A, 31: Castells, M. (1983) The City and the Grassroots, London: Edward Arnold. Castells, M. (2012) Networks of Outrage and Hope, Polity. Birmingham, J. (2000) Leviathan: the unauthorised biography of Sydney Milsons Point: Random House [pages ] Burgmann V (2003) Power, profit and protest: Australian social movements and globalisation Sydney: Allen and Unwin Burgmann M. & Burgmann V (1998) Green Bans; Red Union: Environmental activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers Federation Sydney: UNSW Press Fincher R and McQuillen, J (1989) Women in Urban Social Movements Urban Geography 10, 6 pp

22 Holston, J. (1998) Spaces of Insurgent Citizenship in Sandercock, L. (ed) Making the Invisible Visible: A Multicultural Planning History, Berkeley: University of California Press. Iveson, K. (2014) Building a City for The People : The Politics of Alliance-Building in the Sydney Green Ban Movement, Antipode, early on-line version available. Sandercock, L. (1974) Reform, property and power in the cities, in The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 10(2): Smith, M. P. (2001) Transnational Urbanism: Locating Globalization: Oxford, Blackwell, Chapter 7 Transnationalizing the Grassroots. Sparks, H (1997) Dissident citizenship. Hypatia, 12(4), pp Tattersall, A (2010). Power in Coaliition. Cornell University Press: Ithaca. Tattersall, A (forthcoming, 2015). Community organising in the antipodes: how community organising travelled to Australia and what we learnt? Community Development Journal (draft available on blackboard). Tully, J. (1999) The agonic freedom of citizens. Economy and Society, 28(2), pp Week 9 Ecological Citizenship and the city Gabrielson, T. (2008) Green citizenship: a review and critique, Citizenship Studies, 12(4), pp Further reading: Dobson, A. (2003) Citizenship and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dobson, A. (2006) Ecological citizenship: a Defence. Environmental Politics, 15(3), pp Gabrielson, T. (2008) Green citizenship: a review and critique, Citizenship Studies, 12(4), pp Hayward, T. (2006) Ecological citizenship: Justice, rights and the virtue of resourcefulness. Environmental Politics, 15(3), pp Isin, E. (2009) Citizenship in flux: the figure of the activist citizen. Subjectivity, 29: Latta, P. A. (2007) Locating democratic politics in ecological citizenship. Environmental Politics, 16(3), pp Marshall, T. H. (1998) Citizenship and social class. In Shafir, G. (ed) The citizenship debates: a reader, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. Melo-Escrihuela, C. (2008) Promoting Ecological Citizenship: Rights, Duties and Political Agency. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 7 (2), pp Scerri, A. (2012) Green citizenship and the political critique of injustice. Citizenship Studies, ifirst article. Scerri, A. (2012) Greening citizenship: sustainable development, the state and ideology. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Week 10 Neoliberalism and the consumer citizen Johnson, J. (2008) The citizen-consumer hybrid: ideological tensions and the case of Whole Foods Market, Theory and Society, 37:

23 Further reading: Barnett, C., Cloke, P., Clarke, N. and Malpass, A. (2005) Consuming Ethics: Articulating the Subjects and Spaces of Ethical Consumption. Antipode, 37(1): Bevir, M. and Trentmann, F. (eds) (2007) Governance, consumers and citizens: agency and resistance in contemporary politics, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan (this entire book is available online via the library catalogue). Bennett, W. L. (2004) Branded Political Communication: Lifestyle Politics, Logo Campaigns, and the Rise of Global Citizenship. In Micheletti, M., Follesdal, A. and Stolle, D. (eds) Politics, Products and Markets: Exploring Political Consumerism Past and Present, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Brenner, N. and Theodore, N. (2002) Cities and the Geographies of Actually Existing Neoliberalism. Antipode, 34(3): Dean, J. (2008) Enjoying Neoliberalism. Cultural Politics, 4(1): Larner, W. (2000) Neo-liberalism: Policy, Ideology, Governmentality. Studies in Political Economy, 63: Larner, W. (2003) Neoliberalism? Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21(5): Micheletti, M. (2003) Political Virtue and Shopping: Individuals, Consumerism, and Collective Action, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillian. Mitchell, D. (2005) The S.U.V. model of citizenship: floating bubbles, buffer zones, and the rise of the purely atomic individual. Political Geography, 24(1): Peck, J. and A. Tickell (2002) Neoliberalizing Space. Antipode, 34(3): Rose, N. (2000), Governing cities, governing citizens. In E.F. Isin (ed), Democracy, citizenship and the global city. London and New York: Routledge Week 11 Smart cities and the networked citizen Gabrys, J (2014) Programming environments: environmentality and citizen sensing in the smart city, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(1): (Note: a visual essay to accompany this piece can be found here.) Further reading: Allwinkle, S. and Cruickshank, P. (2011) Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview, Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2): 1-16 Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C. and Nijkamp, P. (2011) Smart Cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(1): Crang, M. and Graham, S. (2007) Sentient cities : ambient intelligence and the politics of urban space, in Information, communication & society, 10 (6). pp Foth, M. (ed 2009) Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Promise and Practice of the Real-time City, Idea Group. Graham, S. (2001) The city as sociotechnical process. Networked mobilities and urban social inequalities. City, 5(3): Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (2001) Splintering urbanism : networked infrastructures, technological mobilities and the urban condition, London, Routledge. 23