Opsamling på kystbeskyttelsesteknologier (et Vand I Byer udviklingsprojekt) VIB stormøde, August 30 th 2018 Maria Faragò, Research Assistant at DTU Environment, mfar@env.dtu.dk
Vand i Byer udviklingsprojekt om kystsikring teknologier i en dansk kontekst juli 2017-juni 2018 Arbejde på tværs af mange institutioner 31.08.20 18
Aim of the VIB development project 1 Comprehensive review state of the art of coastal protection technologies (CPT) in a Danish context and internationally 2 Development of a multi-criteria framework 3 Qualitative evaluation of specific cases 3 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
Quick facts about Denmark 8,750 Km of coastline [1] Almost 1,800 Km of protected coastlines [2] Almost 1 million Danes live at a distance of less than 1 km from the coast [3] [1] Geodatastyrelsen-Maj, 2014 4 [2] Danish Ministry of the Environment, 16. maj 20182005 31.08.20 [3] Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet, 2016 18
Problem definition 8,750 Km of coastline Climate change induces: Storm surge events Sea level rise Increase of heavy rainfalls Coastal erosion 5 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
1. Methodology: state of the art review The review in the Danish context was based on available literature: - Collection of materials from workshops, conferences, VIB stormøder - Google search/internet - Dialogue/e-mailing with selected stakeholders (e.g. Ulla Pia Geetsen, Vejle Komune) Temporal classification: 1. Historical projects 1500-2000 2. Recent projects 2000-2017 3. Pipeline projects projects in a planning fase 6 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
1. Methodolgy: state of the art review Categorisation of the solutions: Hard solutions Soft solutions Combination Non-structural solutions Dikes Seawalls Groynes Breakwaters Rock walls Sluices Elevated buildings* Sand dunes Sand nourishment Revegetation Terps Beach Park Mobile barriers Sand tubes Water tubes Managed retreat 7 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018 *Accommodation option
Number of coastal protection interventions 1. State of the art: Danish Context 32 coastal protection projects reviewed from 1500 to 2017 35 30 25 20 15 10 cumulative interventions CPT 5 0 1500 1575 1650 1725 1800 1875 1950 2025 Time [year] 8 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
Number of coastal protection interventions 1. State of the art: Danish Context 32 coastal protection projects reviewed from 1500 to 2017 35 30 25 Protection projects were built after huge storm surge events 20 15 10 cumulative projects CPT interventions 5 0 1500 1575 1650 1725 1800 1875 1950 2025 Time [year] 9 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
1. State of the art: Danish Context 32 coastal protection projects reviewed from 1500 to 2017 Year Region Number of projects 1500 to 1700 Jutland 3 1700 to 1900 Jutland, Funen and Lolland 6 1900 onwards Jutland, Funen, Lolland and Zealand 23 Which type of interventions? - Dominance of hard technical solutions against storm surge: dikes, barriers and gates - Breakwaters, rock walls, sand nourishment as main protection options against coastal erosion - Recent projects tends to use hard solution in a multifuctional way 10 16. maj 31.08.2018
1. State of the art: Danish Context Højer sluice, 1861 Ribe sluice, 1909-1912 Combined sluice and pump station in Vejle, 2016 The Fremskudte dike, 1981 Multifunctional flood wall in Lemvig, 2013 11 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
2. State of the art: International Context The review involved projects in England, Netherlads, Austria, Germany, Russia, Japan, USA Netherlands has similar history for coastal protection as Denmark. The Delta Works (1954-1997) is the most known coastal protection project: 13 projects involving dams, dikes, levees, gates, and stormsurge barriers. Few recent examples from Netherlands: transition towards multifunctional systems Katwijk (2013-2015) Dakpark, Rotterdam Scheveningen Maeslantkering, storm surge barrier, 1997 12 31.08.2018 16. maj 2018
2. Methodology: Analysis of coastal protection technologies More holistic approach: Multi-criteria analysis 3 Quantitative criteria: Technical safety Economic feasibility Environment & Nature Application: 4 cases 2 Qualitative criteria: Innovation potential Coastal landscape 13 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
2. Analysis of 4 cases 14 Urban Rural Municipal level Vejle Gyldensteen Strand Regional level Køge Bugt Strandpark Nordkystens Fremtid 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
3. Case 1: Køge Bugt Strandpark Technical safety Economy Environment/ Nature Beachpark Opened in 1980 7 km coastline 2 barrier islands 6 inland lakes 4 marinas 45 m beaches and vegetated areas - Weatlands reduced flood impacts costs during Hurricane Sandy by DKK 3.7 billion - Wide range of habitats - Nature 2000 sites (sandbanck and lagoon environment at Ølsemagle Revle and staunigs ø) Innovation potential - Integration with new recreational landscapes - Serving multiple functions - Recreational hotspots for swimming,sailing,ru Coastal landscape 15 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018 nning - Wide sandy beaches - Designed based on natural coastal morphology
3. Case 2: Nordkystens (Fremtid) Technical safety Economy Environment/ Nature - Slope protection and sand nourishment (5 m3/year) - Estimated an increase of real estate value (Panduro et. al., 2017). - Potential of nature restoration - Sand dredging effects on flaura and faura Innovation potential - Combination of coastal protection and recreation - Limited innovation in the technology Coastal landscape - Increased sandy beaches - Reducing erosion 16 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
3. Case 3: Vejle, 3 scenarios for coastal protection Green blue necklace Inside out Superdike Technical safety Economy Environment/ Nature - Existing known technologies (superdikes, floodwalls, barriers) - The most expensive scenario 230 million dkk - Increase of damage cost of a 100 year storm event from 10 million to 1.7 billion dkk - Potential of creating wildlife corridors (scenario 1) Innovation potential - Multifunctional solutions - Creation of new landmarks - Transformation of post industrial area - Limited innovation in the technology Coastal landscape - Possible new connections of the city to the harbour - View to the fjord obstructed by the dikes 17 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018
3. Case 4: Gyldensteen strand A restoration project Technical safety Economy Environment/ Nature - Demolished dikes - Invite the sea water back in - Nature area and coastal buffer areas - Financed by Aage V. Jensen Fond (buying the land) - More diverse nature restored - Marine flora and fauna - Re-colonisation of the lagoon by mobile animals Innovation potential Coastal landscape 18 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018 - CO2 reduction Combination of: - Planned coastal retreat - Natural restoration New opportunities: - New connections - Improved tourism
Conclusion Overexploitation of hard measures: dikes, sluices, flood walls Recent tecnologies: tends to focus on multi-funcional systems Planning of future coastal protection technologies: same technologies as in the past (flood walls, dikes) but with transition to multi-functional systems (e.g. Vejle) Introduce a more holistic framework in the planning of coastal protection. 19 16. maj 2018 31.08.20 18
Acknowledgments Ulla Pia Geertsen (Vejle Municipality) Berit Godskesen (DTU) Jeppe Sikker Jensen (COWI) Kristine Vik Kleffel (Capital Region of Denmark) Marianne Marcher (Rambøll) Marianne Skov (Rambøll) Participants in the workshop on the 31st of May 2018 at DTU Participants in the Vand i Byer stormøde on the 19th of September 2017. 20 16. maj 2018 31.08.20 18
Tak for opmærksomhed og god læsning 21 16. maj 2018 31.08.2018