SMUGGLING PREVENTION SYSTEM FOR TREES IN FOREST USING IOT Subhashini A 1, Shamini G 2 and Sarubashini K 3, 1 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai 2 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai,, Student Abstract The smuggling of trees is a very long and nostalgic issue. Trees are vulnerable to smugglers and cutting of trees like Red sanders, Teak wood, Sandal wood are still a great problem. In spite of growing technology, protection for trees in a large area like forest is difficult. It is also expensive to implement. We are making a system that can prevent the smuggling of trees in forest. The systems consist of Arduino UNO microcontroller interfaced with fire sensor, PIR (passive infrared) sensor, vibration sensor, and 3-axis accelerometer. In case of problems the tree unit will send an alert message to the forest officers using GSM module along with the exact geographical location using GPS. And also real time data is being updated from the tree unit to the monitoring section using IOT. This ensures data security and provides assurance for privacy. Keywords Arduino UNO, GSM, Forest officer, PIR, flame sensor, vibration sensor, 3- axis accelerometer, IOT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------- 15
INTRODUCTION The smuggling of trees such as red sanders, sandal wood, and teak wood are still an existing problem. These trees are made used for medicinal purpose. Trees are cut down and sold in illegal market which threatens the rare tree species population. These trees are extremely costly and less possibly available in market. The sandalwood trees are said to be imperial in recent times of India, the Indian government has already set some measures to protect these trees from smugglers but implementing it over a large area like forest is ineffective. The already existing preventive measures are: Fencing the forest area. This is one of the oldest method used but the cost required to build it increases proportionally to the area of forest. Manual monitoring of forest by enforcing the security personals in specific forest region is one of the methods to control the cutting of trees. But it is hard to monitor the entire area by humans and providing continuous security over day and night is impossible. Tagging of trees using RFID just like tagging the animals is employed. However this does not provide real time information when the problem occurs. It leaves a message only when the tree is moved from its original position. CCTV camera installation in the forest is again very costly and hard to implement. Thus on noticing all the existing problem, a new system is developed to prevent smuggling of trees in forest using IOT. This system will be cheap, effective and will provide a real time monitoring of forest area. The project consists of a tree unit and a monitoring section. Every tree will be installed with a small unit which consists of Arduino UNO that is interfaced with fire sensor, passive infrared sensor (PIR), vibration sensor, and 3-axis accelerometer. We make use of GSM and IOT module. If there is a problem the tree unit will send an alert message to the forest officers using GSM module along with the exact geographical location provided by GPS. And also real time dataa is updated from the tree unit to the monitoring section using IOT. This data will be used by the forest officer to take a necessary action. This ensures data security and provides assurance for privacy. The entire process takes place within a few minutes. The already existing system was in wireless sensor network and it was using zigbee module for the transmission of data where the transmission takes place only within a short range. Here this problem is solved by implementing this in IOT. existing system is that on using IOT the data can be monitored from any part of the country and it can be stored for future reference. A. Block Diagram Fig. 1. Block Diagram of Proposed System 1) Sensing Unit: a) Fire sensor: A flame detector is a sensor which is designed to detect and respond to the presence of flame or fire. It allows the flame detection. The flame sensor is interfaced with Arduino by 16
the following connections: VCCC of flame sensor with 5v pin of Arduino, GND with GND pin of Arduino and D0 is connected with pin number 3 of Arduino. The specifications are: It takes input voltage of 3.3v to 5v VCC. PCB size - 30(mm) x15(mm) b) PIR sensor: A PIR-based motion detector is used to sense the movement of people, animals or other objects. A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. Here we use PIR sensor to detect the human movement in the restricted forest c) region. In this module this sensor is interfaced with arduino. And whenever the motion is detected, it checks for the other conditions and 3-axis accelerometer: 3axis accelerometer is an electro mechanical device that sense either static or dynamic force of acceleration. The static force includes gravity while dynamic force includes vibration and movement. It marks the changes with respect to 3axis(x, y and z axis). If the changes occur the reading will be updated automatically. provides intimation to the forest officers by a message through GSM. Connections with arduino: VCC of PIR sensor with the 5v pin of Arduino. GND of PIR sensor with the GND pin of Arduino. And D0 of PIR sensor with the pin no 2 of Arduino. d) Vibration sensor: Vibration sensor is used for testing the impact force. It has a high sensitivity towards vibration. It consists of piezoelectric element. It is suitable for measuring the flexibility, vibration impact and touch. When the vibration is sensed certain voltage will be generated and released to the micro controller. We can adjust the sensitivity by adjusting the on board potentiometer with the screw. The specifications are: operating temperature 30c~65c, dimensions: 45mm*38mm*20mm* VCC power supply 5v. 1) Processing Unit: a) Arduino UNO: Ardunio UNO is a microcontroller based on ATmega 328p. It has 14digital input/output pin, 6analog inputs and USB connection and power jack. Its operation voltage is 0 to 5v. The sensors are interfaced with the Arduino UNO with their analog and digital pins. It can be powered with USB connection or with the external power supply. The ATmega 228 as 32KB memory and it has 2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EPROM. 2) Output Unit: 17
a) GSM module: GSM (global system for mobile communication) it is a wireless modem that works with GSM wireless network. It sends and receives the data through radio waves. GSM module requires a SIM card to operate from a wireless carrier. The data are processed by the processing unit and if the problem is detected then the message alert is The sensors are used to detect the flame, vibration and also human motion in the forest. Here the flame sensor detects the fire in the forest and sends the data to the Arduino UNO. The PIR (passive infra- in the forest red) sensor is used to detect any motion area. This prevents the unauthorized people from entering into the restricted area. Once the motion is detected it checks for the other condition and sends the message alert. If the motion is detected then it checks for the vibration on the tree using vibration sensor and also fetches the tree statuss using 3-axis accelerometer. The microcontroller (Arduino UNO) fetches the geo-location from the GPS modem which is embedded with the Arduino UNO. Then the alert is sent in the form of message to forest officers and also the sensor values are updated in IOT continuously. The updated information is stored in the cloud server which can be accessed through the authorized specific website. Fig. 2. shows the proposed system architecture. sent to the module. forest officer using GSM and also it is B. Proposed System Architecture monitored on In this propo the cloud monitored using IOT server webpage C. Flow Chart using IOT detected then it continuously senses the inputs. osed system, the forest is 2) If motion is detected (PIR sensor) then it works on the next step. It reports the tree status and also checks whether there is a vibration on the tree. Now with the exact geo location it sends the message alert to the mobile phone and also update the data in the IOT webpage. If the motion is detected and if there is no vibration on the tree then it sends the alert message indicating the human motion along with the tree status and GPS. If motion is not detected then it goes back to the initial stage and sense the sensor inputs. Finally the process stops. The flow diagram for proposed system illustrates that sensing module is divided into two streams: 1) Fire detection 2) Motion detection. 1) Starts the process and sense the sensor inputs. If the fire is detected (flame sensor) then it fetches the geographical location (latitude and longitude) using GPS tracker. Then sends the fire alert to forest officials in the form of text message to their mobile phones. It also updated in the IOT cloud server webpage for every 30 seconds. Then the process stops. If the fire is not 18
Fig No 3 Flow chart 19
I. RESULT AND DISCUSSION In this section the results are observed and discussed. The tests have been performed to obtain the reading. With the help of GSM module whenever there is a forest fire or human motion in restricted area or any vibration (indicating the cutting of trees) we get the SMS on our registered mobile. Fig. 4. Fire Alert sent through GSM to mobile phone The message will contain the following information: Alert (fire/human motion/vibration/tree status), region number, tree number, latitude and longitude of the tree location. When there is a forest fire, a message alert is obtained in the mobile phone to corresponding authorities as shown in Fig. 4. Whenever there is a human motion in restricted area or any vibration then the message is obtained by the forest officer with the details regarding the alert, tree status and other informationn as shown in the Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Message alert indicating the cutting of trees Fig. 6. Screen shot of IOT cloud server webpage 20
Based on the reading the webpage is updated with the following details. Fig. 6. Shows the output screen of the IOT webpage. With the help of IOT module the details are updated on the webpage and stored on cloud for future reference. II. FUTURE SCOPE The futures scope of work is implementing the project in raspberry pi. If any vibration occur automatically camera capture image and upload live streaming in IOT or mail. In future we can use this system anywhere in the corporate field for monitoring multiple numbers of units. The system developed here is dedicated model specially design for preventing the smuggling. We can see complete picture of forest on server unit. And the location of tree cutting can be found easily. III. CONCLUSIONN This paper consist of a low cost and low power IOT based system to detect the smuggling of trees, where the human beings are not able to provide security. The forest is monitored under IOT system. Here the multiple sensors are placed in different places in forest. If there is any undesirable things occurred in any location of the forest. The sensor detects and updates that information to the Arduino microcontroller and these sensor values are continuously updated in the IOT system. The information which is updated also stored in the cloud server and it is also monitored by the authorized person through website. By this the forest officer can take necessary stepss against those kinds of undesirable activities. REFERENCES [1] Smita Gaikwad, Prof. Rajesh Patil Design WSN node for protection of forest trees against poaching based on zigbee IEEE -2015 [2] Bhabad Vishnu S, PathareSagar A Antismuggling System for Trees in Forest using Flex sensor with GSM and Zigbee network, International Journal of Advancedd Research in 21
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