Chapter 11 Exterior Design Factors Introduction House design does not stop once room arrangements are determined Exterior must also be considered Often a client has a certain style in mind that dictates layout of floor plan 1
Once a Floor Plan has been determined what is the next step? Site Considerations Exterior Design Basics Architectural Styles Site Considerations affecting layout Neighborhood - Size, value, and design of the home should be similar to those around it Home owner associations- Sets minimum standards for homes built in a particular area (CC&R s) Access - A home requiring universal access should blend in with the rest of the homes & The narrower the lot, the more access will affect the location of the entry and garage 2
Factor affecting floor plan layout Main entrance should be no farther than 6-0 behind longest front wall or at an angle more than 45 to the street See front door from street At least 15% of the street-facing façade should be windows Typically a lot more. Garage wall should be no longer than 50% of the entire front façade How to lesson the affect of the garage Set garage back from front of home to make it less of a focal point Side Load garage Carriage Doors Double Doors Alley Load 3
Does this meet the requirements for a good elevation? What are some of the elements used? Hip roof Birds house Gable vent Gable Dutch hip Box out Bay Grids Wainscot Soldier course Returns (Dog Ears) Stucco accents Door Style Stone sill Stone trimmers Not enough windows, garage is almost 50% of façade Site Factors affecting Floor Plan Layout Site Restrictions on Design: Width Depth Corner Lot Terrain Garage Placement 4
What are the different Elements of Exterior Design? Line - Provides a sense of direction or movement of the structure Horizontal lines are used to accent length Vertical lines are used to accent height Diagonal lines create a sense of transition Curved lines provide smooth transitions Form- shapes to accentuate specific feature Rectangles, circles, squares, ovals, ellipses Color - Distinguishes exterior materials and accent shape Texture - Refers to the roughness or smoothness of an object Elements of Design What elements of design does this craftsman elevation have? 5
Principles of Design Rhythm- Leading the eye through the design Balance- Relationship between areas Formal - Objects are symmetrical Informal - Objects are nonsymmetrical Proportion- Size and balance (Rectangles 2:3, 3:5, 5:8) Unity- Pulling it all together Floor Plan Types Single Level - Provides stair-free access (Rambler) Split Level - Suited for sloping sites and combines one- and two-level residences (California/ front to back, side to side) Daylight Basement - Both levels are seen from since it is on a sloping site Two-Story - Living and sleeping are separated and less land is required 6
Architectural Elements in an Elevation Trends Open, informal spaces Fewer hallways and bonus rooms Spacious laundry rooms and ample storage Accessibility Spacious garages Sliding partitions Outdoor living 7
Same Plan (different styles) Can you name them? Craftsman Colonial Revival English Romantic Exterior Styles Exercise Pick Arch. Style 5 points describing style Share with Class Colonial Revival Southern Colonial Georgian Saltbox Garrison Cape Cod Federal Greek Revival Southern Colonial English Romantic Dutch French Spanish Farm house Ranch Victorian Contemporary Craftsman Gothic Queen Anne Italian Villa Art Deco Bungalow Tudor Eclectic Vernacular International Prairie House Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Gehry 8
Colonial Revival Symmetrical style with doors and windows equally spaced Covered front porch Central entrance hall Elaborate front entrance Basic house that uses formal design Uses columned entry way Symmetric Central or end chimneys Pilasters around door Classical Detailing Georgian 9
Saltbox Followed the Georgian styles but without the detailing One story on front hiding two story on back Traditional simple look Usually different pitches each side Garrison Upper floor extends beyond the lower floor. Symmetrical windows Centered front door Fort like Closable shutters (full size) 10
Cape Cod One half with a steep roof Dormers used to create extra space Balanced White trim with dark shutters Federal Designed in the late 1700 s Uses the Garrison design with a higher roof pitch Symmetric face Side gables Exterior usually same material all around 11
Greek Revival Built with classical proportions and decorations of the classic Greek architecture Porches Large windows and doors Low pitched gable roof Painted to resemble marble Cornice (wide band or trim near roof line) Southern Colonial Looks like a Georgian except for flat roof Large windows Fireplaces 2 story porch Symmetrical pillars at entrance 12
English Unsymmetrical layout designed in the early 1800 s Stucco, Masonry, and Heavy timbers Double wall texture Dutch Uses a gambrel roof Symmetrical Lots of windows Roof overhang creates porch 13
French Incorporates the mansard roof design and found more in the south Hopped roof Rectangular with wings Symmetrical Spanish One story house usually made of plaster or adobe Clay tile roof Decorative windows Arches Stucco exterior (natural colors) Low pitch or flat roof 14
Farmhouse Uses two-story construction and is surrounded by a covered porch or large porch Box shape Simple Many smaller windows Ranch One-story elongated floor plan with a low pitched roof Rectangular Shutters Sliding glass door to patio 15
Victorian Originating in the late 1800 s, this house is very ornate and irregular shaped Steep gables Towering spirals Wrap around porches Bay windows Turrets Contemporary No special style is followed but the needs and lifestyle of the owner are reflected Lots of glass Odd shapes Lack of ornamentation Tall windows Open plan Natural materials 16
Craftsman Natural elements, straight lines Exposed eaves Natural materials Low pitched roof Open design 17