Salvia Big Blue Plug Culture and Scheduling Flowering
Outline 1. Background Information 2. Plug Culture 3. 4. Summary
Background Information Interspecific 4x Salvia from seed Larger than vegetative Mystic Spires Heat and drought tolerant Blooms into Autumn Finish in gallons, 1ppp Great for bold blue pots at retail Memorial Day July 4 th Summer Stunners
Background Information Strong in-ground performance Thailand wk 22 Elburn wk 31 Costa wk 48 from planting wk 12
Background Information Gallon performance with 1 PPP Van de Wetering June 1 Color Point May 18 VWI June 15
Plug Culture Sow 1 seed per cell in 288 or 128 cell trays Vermiculite cover optional Stage 1: 68-77 F (20-25 C) Moisture level 4 Light optional 4 days
Plug Culture Stage 2: 68-77 F (20-25 C) Moisture level 3-4 Week 9: 288-cell trays sown Week 11: First spray Week 12: Second spray on ½ trays per treatment Week 13: Trays pullable Stage 3: 68-72 F (20-22 C) Moisture level 2-4 Apply PGR 2 weeks from sow: Daminozide 2,500 ppm spray or Ancymidol 5 ppm spray or Paclobutrazol 5 ppm spray Control A-Rest 5 ppm B-Nine 2500 ppm Bonzi 5 ppm
Plug Culture Stage 4: 62-65 F (17-18 C) Repeat PGRs every 7-10 days as needed. Plug crop time: 288-cell: 3-4 weeks 128-cell: 4-5 weeks A-Rest 5 ppm 1X A-Rest 5 ppm 2X Bonzi 5 ppm 1X Bonzi 5 ppm 2X B-Nine 2500 ppm 1X B-Nine 2500 ppm 2X
Plug Culture Summary: www.panamseed.com
Pinching recommended Soft pinch (pinch the tip, leaving 4 nodes) at 6 weeks from sow OR Hard pinch (leave 4 nodes at the base) at 8-9 weeks from sow Grower trials in progress to determine: Chemical pinching: Configure and Augeo Mechanical pinching before transplant
Flowering time is influenced by: 1. Temperature 2. Photoperiod 3. Daily light integral (DLI) Temperature: Prefers warm growing and flowers faster as average daily temperature (ADT) increases The effect of photoperiod and DLI covered in-depth over the next slides
Weeks from Sow to Flower Photoperiod response: Facultative LD plant 2-3 weeks faster flowering under 14 and 15 hours than SDs Photoperiod (h): (DE, Inc. lamps) 8 weeks after transplant & start of treatments at 68 ºF Pinched to 4 nodes 1 week after transplant 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 Flowering Time High DLI 12 DLI ~ 15 moles 10 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 Photoperiod *Seedlings received 20 LDs in 288s and 22 SDs in 50s prior to transplant in 6
Photoperiod response: Optimal daylength of 14-15 hours See November 2018 issue of GrowerTalks 16 hours and NI delayed flowering in some PAS trials It is under further investigation at MSU Lighting of plugs will also be investigated at MSU
Weeks from Sow to Flower Effect of DLI: Light accumulator i.e. faster flowering under higher DLI 2-3 weeks faster flowering under high DLI than low DLI 8 weeks after transplant & start of treatments at 68 ºF Pinched to 4 nodes 1 week after transplant Photoperiod (h): (DE, Inc. lamps) 10 11 12 13 14 15 Low DLI ~ 5 moles High DLI ~ 15 moles 18 16 14 12 10 8 Flowering Time Low DLI High DLI 10 11 12 13 14 15 Photoperiod
Effect of photoperiod and DLI: Photoperiod (hours) Weeks from sow to flower under low DLI of 5 moles/m 2 /d Weeks from sow to flower under high DLI of 15 moles/m 2 /d 10 17 14 11 16 14 12 17 14 13 16 14 14 14 12 15 14 12 Fastest flowering under 14 and 15 hours and high DLI at 12 weeks from sow to flower Slowest flowering under SDs and low DLI at 16-17 weeks from sow to flower The difference between fastest vs slowest flowering was 4 to 5 weeks that s over a month of crop time Grown at ADT of 68 F When grown warmer, flowering will be 1-2 weeks faster
GrowerTalks November 2018 issue Available online Grower Facts Available online
Finish PGRs: Necessary for high quality Highly responsive to 2,500 ppm daminozide, repeat sprays needed Or Drench with 3-5 ppm paclobutrazol after axillary branches are actively growing PGR rates tested in IL Higher rates might be needed at high ADTs Containers and PPP: 6 or larger containers 1 PPP for up to 1 gallon containers
Scheduling: For Memorial Day Ship (week 21): LD and low DLI for Northern USA SD and high DLI for Southern USA For July 4 th Ship (week 26): LD and high DLI for Northern and Southern USA For selling budded to landscaper in quarts and gallons
Schedule for Memorial Day Ship (week 21): 288s in gallons LD and low DLI for Northern USA SD and high DLI for Southern USA Photoperiod (hours) Weeks from sow to flower under low DLI of 5 moles/m 2 /d Weeks from sow to flower under high DLI of 15 moles/m 2 /d 10 17 14 11 16 14 12 17 14 13 16 14 14 14 12 15 14 12 Flowering time is time to first open flower so add a week to above to ship in full color
Schedule for Memorial Day Ship (week 21): 288s in gallons LD and low DLI for Northern USA and SD and high DLI for Southern USA Activity Week of Year for Activity to Start Photoperiod Culture Notes Sow and grow plugs 6 Any until pullable Transplant 10 Pinch 12 --- 14 or 15 hours under low DLI and natural under high DLI Sow 1 seed/cell in 288s or larger. Cover optional. Daminozide spray after germination for height control. 4 weeks to finish 288s. 1 PPP in 1 gallon containers Soft pinch in 2 weeks after transplant, leaving 4 nodes. Apply 2,500 ppm daminozide sprays as needed or 3-5 ppm paclobutrazol drench after branches develop First open Flower 20 --- Added 1 week of crop time to ship in full flower Ship 21 --- --- This schedule will work well until natural photoperiod becomes 14 hours or longer
Photoperiod at 14 Hours or Longer by Latitude N50 : Seattle N45 : Minneapolis, Montreal, Portland, Toronto N40 : Baltimore, Cincinnati, Columbus, Denver N35 : Atlanta, Charlotte, Los Angeles. N30 : New Orleans, San Antonio, Houston At N50, photoperiod becomes 14 hours in early April at about week 15 and at N30, it takes place in early May at about week 18 For finishing crops for July 4 th, most of the forcing will occur at or above 14 hour photoperiod
Schedule for July 4 th Ship (week 26): LD and high DLI for Northern and Southern USA Weeks from sow to flower Photoperiod under low DLI of (hours) 5 moles/m 2 /d Weeks from sow to flower under high DLI of 15 moles/m 2 /d 10 17 14 11 16 14 12 17 14 13 16 14 14 14 12 15 14 12 Forcing for week 26 ship will be at 14 hours or longer photoperiod and high DLI, use crop time of 12 weeks from sow + 1 week to achieve full flowering These timings are for growing ADT of 68 F. Flowering time will be reduced by 1-2 weeks at warmer ADTs
Schedule for July 4 th Ship (week 26): LD and high DLI for Northern and Southern USA Activity Sow and grow plugs until pullable Week of Year for Activity to Start Photoperiod Culture Notes Sow 1 seed/cell in 288-cell or larger. 13 Any Cover optional. Daminozide spray after germination for height control. 4 weeks to finish 288s. Transplant 17 Natural 1 PPP in 1 gallon containers Soft pinch in 2 weeks after transplant, leaving 4 nodes. Pinch 19 --- Apply 2,500 ppm daminozide sprays as needed or 3-5 ppm paclobutrazol drench after branches develop First open Flower 25 --- Added 1 week of crop time to ship in full flower Ship 26 --- ---
***Add 2 weeks to Compensate for Potential Delay at 16 hour Photoperiod N50 : Seattle N45 : Minneapolis, Montreal, Portland, Toronto N40 : Baltimore, Cincinnati, Columbus, Denver N35 : Atlanta, Charlotte, Los Angeles. N30 : New Orleans, San Antonio, Houston For July 4 th ship, majority of forcing will be around the longest day of the year At or below N35, photoperiod will not exceed 15 hours However, at or above N45, the longest day will exceed 16 hours In some trials, we saw up to 2 week delay at 16 hours than 14 or 15 hours Hence, we recommend adding 2 weeks to production schedule until we get further data from MSU.
Schedule for selling budded to landscapers in quarts and gallons Photoperiod (hours) Weeks from sow to visible bud under low DLI of 5 moles/m 2 /d Weeks from sow to visible bud under high DLI of 15 moles/m 2 /d 10 15 13 11 14 13 12 15 13 13 14 12 14 12 11 15 12 11 Similar to the two scheduling examples reviewed, bud timing data above can be used for creating schedule for low or high DLI and SDs or LDs
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