RESILIENCE: a word non-existing, yet sufficiently integrated into planning? An overview of Slovenian practice Dr. Naja Marot, University of Ljubljana Spa-ce.net conference, Bratislava, September, 19th, 2014
Who is going to the conference? I don t know much about this word This is just another buzz word There is not much going on about resilience in Slovenia
Really not? Scopus search: resilience, Slovenia, 2004-2014 2 1 1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Medicine 3 Social Sciences Environmental Science 2 Psychology 3 Earth and Planetary Sciences
In comparison to: Germany 9 8 4 4 4 4 52 Social Sciences Environmental Science 9 Medicine 10 15 Psychology Agricultural and Biological Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences Arts and Humanities 15 45 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Engineering 21 24 Business, Management and Accounting
In comparison to: Slovakia 1 2 4 Social Sciences Medicine Psychology 2 Arts and Humanities 3 3 Environmental Science Business, Management and Accounting
http://depo.ba/clanak/17357/ Leon Vidic/DELO www.zurnal.si RTVSLO, BoBo
Research Questions First Phase Associations? Translation? Definition? Novelty? Second Phase Slovenia successful in providing urban resilience? Examples of strategies? Co-operation in projects?
Research Method Delphi technique: Anonymity of the participants - experts Less known phenomena Multiple phases Use in policy making August-September 2014: 31 invited: 23, 10 Regional/spatial planning, urbanism, climate change Research/academia, ministry, regional development agencies www.thewebconsole.com
Associations of ideas BUZZWORD! Core word Word associations Frequency Resistance _Resistance of (cities) (to different impacts) / settlements _Resistant cities _Urban resistance Flexibility (resilience) Adaptability _Flexibility of (urban areas)/urban environments to the changes _Flexibility of cities, their adaptability to the inner and external impacts on the economic, social and environmental structure _Adaptability of cities/settlements _Adapted cities _Adaptation/adaptabiliry of urban areas to the modern changes (demographic, economic, environmental ) _Adaptation capacity 12 7 6
Is it new, is it new? 6 4 Yes. Partially. No. 4 No direct answer provided. 10 YES. It cannot be compared to existing concepts. More integrated, complex term: also time frame, not only vulnerability. New to the policy making, planning. Answer to the crisis.
Is it new, is it new? 4 10 NO. Term from ecology. Only description of already existing processes. 6 Yes. Partially. No. 4 No direct answer provided. SIMILAR CONCEPTS: Sustainability + resistance Vulnerability. Organism.
Is it new, is it new? NATURAL CYCLE. Since ever the cities have been adapting to natural, social and economic circumstances which influenced their development. The ones without knowledge or capacities to adapt to the changes (or with a really bad luck) were left desolated. The others have adapted and after some time of dilapidation blossomed again. It is a completely natural cycle. Basically each town that had had to phase degradation needed to adapt to the new conditions, look for fresh opportunities www.gedenkmarsh.de www.fotos-aus-der-luft.de
Translation trauma Resistant cities Adapted cities Urban resistance Resistance of cities Flexibility of urban areas/systems, environments URBAN RESILIENCE Regeneration of urban environment Capacity of regeneration Urban sustainability Sustainable cities Adaptation (Urban) adaptability Responsiveness of cities (Urban) responsiveness Capacity of cities to response http://galleryhip.com/language-interpreter-cartoon.html
Translation trauma Odporna mesta Urbana odpornost Odpornost mest Prožnost urbanega območja/sistemov, okolja Regeneracija urbanega okolja Zmožnost regeneracije Urbana trajnost/sonaravnost/ vzdržnost Prilagojena mesta PROŽNOST MEST Trajnostna mesta Adaptacija (Urbana) prilagodljivost Odzivnost mest (Urbana) odzivnost Zmogljivost mest, da se odzovejo http://galleryhip.com/language-interpreter-cartoon.html
Definition of urban resilience CAPACITY CHANGES IMPACTS CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE STAKEHOLDERS
Definition of urban resilience =capacity of the cities to response in the shortest possible time and with the least negative consequences to expected and non-expected environmental, social, economic and other changes to be able to continue (efficiently) providing urban function for the citizens of the urban entity (city, urban region and other surroundings). www.picpicx.com
Slovenia successful? No. Low capacity of municipalities. Focus on the economic growth paradigm. Centralized decision making. No regional spatial planning. Strategic documents as necessity not a strenght. Partially. No. Partially. Hard to say. Uncouscious actions. Historical state resilience. Actions taken in case of the natural disasters. More advanced case of Ljubljana.
Ljubljana s approach Public transportation changes Flooding studies Green infrastructure Green jobs Energy renewal of buildings New infrastructure in the countryside (www.visitljubljana.com; www.civitas.si)
Strategy of the sustainable development of the City mun. of Kranj Sustainable economic growth Well-being goes hand in hand with the environmental protection Culture, tourism, countryside The centre of knowledge Developing potentials (www.delo.si; Primož Hieng)
Tackling the climate change Adaptation process ongoing Several transnational projects Studies Tools for spatial planning Regional approach Environmental tax Mostly agriculture, forestry, water
TURaS (FP7) = transitioning towards Urban Resilience and Sustainability Ljubljana urban region, University of Ljubljana Urban growth vs. Environmental challenges (flood, loss of biodiversity, rural-urban partnership) Different innitiatives, e.g. sustainable entrepreneurship
Conclusions Climate change. Small administrative /epistemic community. Governmental changes. Spatial planning. Terminology struggle. Tag along - unintentional solutions.
Thank you for your attention. Dr. Naja Marot, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Landscape Architecture naja.marot@bf.uni-lj.si