Interntionl Reserch Journl of Applied nd Bsic Sciences 2013 Avilble online t www.irjbs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 4 (5): 1062-1066 Science Explorer Publictions Effect of irrigtion disruption nd biologicl phosphorus on nutrient (N,P,K) uptke of cnol (Brssic npus L.) Shfie Modrres Motlgh 1, Alirez Pirzd 2* nd Bbk Delkhosh 3 1. Student of Deprtment of Agronomy nd Plnt Breeding, Science nd Reserch Brnch, Islmic Azd University, Tehrn, Irn. 2. Assistnt Professor, Deprtment of Agronomy nd Plnt Breeding, Fculty of Agriculture, Urmi University, Urmi, Irn. 3. Assistnt Professor, Deprtment of Agronomy nd Plnt Breeding, Science nd Reserch Brnch, Islmic Azd University, Tehrn, Irn. Corresponding Author emil: lirezpirzd@yhoo.com ABSTRACT: To evlute the effect of irrigtion (irrigtion disruption t beginning of flowering, end of flowering, grin filling nd control) nd biologicl phosphorus (0, 50, 100 nd 150 g/h) on the nutrient uptke by Brssic npus L. cv. Hyol 401, split plot experiment ws crried out bsed on rndomized complete block design with four replictions t the reserch frm of Shhid Beheshti Agriculture College (ltitude 38 51' N nd longitude 41 44' E nd 1313 m bove se level) in 2010. Results of ANOVA showed the significnt effect of irrigtion disruption on potssium uptke nd significnt interction effect between irrigtion disruptions nd phosphorus on nitrogen nd phosphorus uptke. Mens comprisons showed tht the highest percentge of seed nitrogen (4.52 %) ws belonged to irrigtion disruption t grin filling stge with 100 g/h phosphorus nd the lowest percent of seed nitrogen (3.3 %) ws observed in norml irrigtion with 150 g/h phosphorus. The mximum of percentge of seed phosphorus (1.81 %) ws obtined t the beginning of flowering with 150 g/h phosphorus nd the minimum percent of seed phosphorus (1.34 %) t norml irrigtion with 150 g/h biologicl phosphorus. Keywords: Brssic npus, irrigtion disruption, nutrient uptke, phosphorus INTRODUCTION Cnol is n importnt oil crop growing in mny prt of the world. Cnol in Irn is mostly cultivted s winter nnul for oil production nd rrely livestock feed. If plnted in spring, they cn be grown s summer crop but the seed yield would be decresed due to short growing seson nd lck of enough wter t the end of growing seson, thus, winter cropping is preferred. Cnol cultivrs pper to be best dpted to the conditions of Irn, however, some cultivrs re less tolernt to environmentl conditions (Shrghi et l., 2011). One of the importnt fctors which endnger development of under cultivtion nd successful production of cnol plnt is wter deficiency, becuse of limit the growth nd production of plnt. Some studies in this re indicted tht the verge nnul yield reduction ws 17% in the world through the drought which cn increse till more thn 70% in every yer (Edmedes et l., 1994). Wter stress hd significnt effect on nitrogen nd potssium uptke but not on phosphorus uptke (Nhr nd Gretzmcher, 2002). Mny soil bcteri nd fungi hve the bility to solubilize phosphte (Pi) minerls nd mke it vilble to plnts (Oberson et l., 2001; Egmberdiyev et l., 2003). They re cpble of using inorgnic nd orgnic forms of phosphorus (Trfdr nd Jungk, 1987; Chen et l., 2002). The ppliction of different levels of phosphorus influenced the nitrogen, phosphorus nd potssium uptke significntly (Rnjit et l., 2007). But Islm et l. (2008) reported tht levels of phosphorus hd significnt effect only on phosphorus uptke nd hd no effects on N nd
K uptke. The objective of this reserch ws to study the nutrient uptke (N,P,K) under vrying end seson wter deficit (irrigtion disruption) nd different mounts of biologicl phosphorus. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evlute effects of end seson wter deficit nd biologicl phosphorus on the nutrient uptke by Brssic npus L. cv. Hyol 401, split plot experiment ws crried out bsed on rndomized complete block design with four replictions t the reserch frm of Shhid Beheshti Agriculture College in 2010. The experiment field is locted in south west of Urmi (ltitude 38 51' N nd longitude 41 44' E nd 1313 m bove se level). At first, we plowed the lnd fter tht leveling of the ground with disk verticlly in order to crushing the hunk ws pplied. Along with plnting the cnol seeds, prepred from seed nd plnt improvement institute of Krj, ws inoculted with pseudomons nd bcillus species of bcteri s biologicl phosphorus. The experimentl units included four rows with 0.30 m inter-rw nd 0.10 m intr-row spcing of 12 m length. Tretments were biologicl phosphorus (0, 50, 100, 150 g/h) s min plots nd irrigtion disruptions (without disruptions, disruptions on grin filling, end of flowering stge, beginning of flowering stge) s sub plots. The crop ws hrvested nd dried in the oven 70 0 c nd fter weighed the eril prts of plnt to determine the biologicl yield (biomss). To determine the protein content, t first seeds ws milled nd dried in the oven 75 0 c for 24 hours. Five grms of mixture sulftes (copper sulfte, potssium sulfte nd selenium dioxide) nd 20 cc of concentrted sulfuric cid 98% ws dded on milled smples nd the nitrogen content ws mesured with titrtion method by kjeldhl distilltion pprtus (AOAC, 1995). Protein content ws clculted bsed on the following formul (AOAC, 1995). Nitrogen (%)= To determine the mount of phosphorus in plnt, 10 cc of prepred extrct of plnt ws tken, ws moved to 50ml blloon. A mixture of soluble mmonium vndt, mmonium hept molybdte, pure nitric cid nd distilled wter ws dded on ech smple. The blloons contining the smples nd mixture brought to volume of 100 ml, broched nd for hlf hour rested. After in spectrophotometer with 470nm wve length, vlue of phosphorus ws mesured. To determine the mount of potssium in plnt, 5 cc of prepred extrct of plnt ws tken, ws moved to 50ml blloon. After blloons were volumed with distilled wter nd broched nd immeditely in flme photometer vlue of potssium ws mesured. Sttisticl evlution ws performed using MSTATC softwre (Michign stte university, 1988). The effects of phosphorus mounts (P) nd Irrigtion disruptions (I) s well s the interctions of these two fctors were nlyzed with the nlysis of vrince. The results of sttisticl nlysis re expressed by F-vlues; sterisks indicte-vlues P0.05 nd P0.01. The comprison of mens crried out with SNK (Student-Neumn Keuls test). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Results of nlysis of vrince showed the significnt effect of irrigtion on seed potssium content nd significnt interction effect between irrigtion disruption nd different mounts of biologicl phosphorus on seed nitrogen nd phosphorus contents (P0.01) (Tble 1). Tble 1. Anlysis of vrince of nutrient (N,P,K) content of Brssic npus L. cv. Hyol 401 seed irrigtion disruptions nd biologicl phosphorus Source of vrition df Percentge of N Percentge of K Percentge of P Repliction (R) 3 0.17 0.007 0.01 Phosphorus (A) 3 0.09 0.01 0.03 A R 9 0.07 0.01 0.03 * Irrigtion (B) 3 1.1 ** 0.04 ** 0.12 ** A B 9 0.33 ** 0.01 0.04 ** Error 36 0.07 0.008 0.01 Coefficient of vrince (%) 7.02 12.76 7.26 *, * * significnt t P 0.05 nd P 0.01, respectively; df: degree of freedom 1063
Mens comprisons showed tht the mximum percentge of seed potssium (0.77 %) belonged to plnts tht irrigtion ws disrupted t the beginning of flowering nd the minimum percentge (0.65 %) belonged to control tretment of irrigtion (without disruption). In ll irrigtion disruptions, seed potssium ws higher thn control tretment of irrigtion. The highest percentge of seed nitrogen (4.52 %) belonged to irrigtion disruption t grin filling stge with 100 g/h phosphorus nd this mount ws the sme with ppliction of 100 g/h biologicl phosphorus nd irrigtion disruption t the beginning of flowering stge. The lowest percentge of seed nitrogen (3.3 %) ws observed in norml irrigtion with 150 g/h phosphorus, tht it ws identicl to 100 g/h biologicl phosphorus ppliction t both irrigtion disruptions stges of control tretment nd the end of flowering. In norml irrigtion, ppliction of 50 g/h phosphorus incresed the percentge of seed nitrogen compred to control (0 g/h of phosphorus). But mounts of biologicl phosphorus more thn tht cused to reduce nitrogen uptke. In irrigtion disruption t grin filling nd beginning of flowering stges, biologicl phosphorus ppliction up to 100 g/h, incresed the seed nitrogen percentge significntly, but more thn tht cused to reduce the nitrogen uptke. In irrigtion disruption t the end of flowering, up to 100 g/h phosphorus decresed the percentge of nitrogen uptke, but more thn tht cused to uprise the seed nitrogen content (Figure 2). The mximum of percentge of seed phosphorus (1.81 %) ws obtined from irrigtion disruption t the beginning of flowering with 150 g/h phosphorus nd this mount ws identicl to irrigtion disruption t the end of flowering with 150 g/h phosphorus, nd disruption t the beginning of flowering stge with no phosphorus ppliction. The minimum content of seed phosphorus (1.34 %) ws observed in plnts irrigted without disruption with 150 g/h biologicl phosphorus nd this mount ws the sme to plnts irrigted normlly (without disruption) with 100 g/h phosphorus ppliction. Higher mounts of biologicl phosphorus more thn 50 g/h decresed the percentge of phosphorus uptke in norml irrigtion. In the grin filling, giving biologicl phosphorus reduced the percentge. In the end of flowering, until 100 g/h, phosphorus ppliction cused lower percentge of phosphorus uptke but more thn tht incresed the seed phosphorus content. In irrigtion disruption t the beginning of flowering, by giving biologicl phosphorus the percentge incresed (Figure 3). Figure 2 showed tht only in end of flowering stge, despite giving biologicl phosphorus, percent of seed nitrogen decresed. Figure 3 indicted tht more biologicl phosphorus cn compenste the phosphorus uptke to the effect of irrigtion disruption. Higher N nd lower P were found by Abdel rhmn et l. (1971) in some tropicl nd sub-tropicl forge grsses nd legumes under moisture stress. Afzl et l. (2007) reported tht biologicl phosphorus hd no significnt effect on phosphorus content (%). In conclusion, end seson wter deficit (irrigtion disruption) cused to interrupt the growth nd nutrient uptke of cnol plnts, but biologicl phosphorus cn compenste this reduction. 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 Potssium (%) 0.7 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 b 0.6 0.58 no disruptions grin filling stge end of flowering stge beginning of flowering stge Irrigtion disruption (Growth stges) Figure 1. Mens comprisons of percentge of potssium uptke of Brssic npus L. cv. Hyol 401 ffected by irrigtion disruptions. Dissimilr letters indicte significnt difference t P0.05 1064
Nitrogen (%) 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 cd 0 g/h 50 g/h 100 g/h 150 g/h cd d bc b bc cd no disruptions grin filling end of flowering beginning of flowering Irrigtion disruption (Growth stges) bc Figure 2. Mens comprisons of percentge of nitrogen uptke of Brssic npus L. cv. Hyol 401 ffected by biologicl phosphorus nd irrigtion disruptions. Dissimilr letters indicte significnt difference t P0.05 Phosphorus (%) 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 g/h 50 g/h 100 g/h 150 g/h cd d no disruptions b b b grin filling stge end of flowering stge Irrigtion disruptions (Growth stges) bc beginning of flowering stge Figure 3. Mens comprisons of percentge of phosphorus uptke of Brssic npus L. cv. Hyol 401 ffected by biologicl phosphorus nd irrigtion disruptions. Dissimilr letters indicte significnt difference t P0.05 REFERENCES Abdel Rhmn AA, Shlby AF, El Monyerj MO. 1971. Effect of moisture stress on the metbolic products nd ions ccumultion. Plnt Soil. 34:65-90. 1065
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