PARK & RECREATION Project Summaries 45
BEAVER ISLAND TRAIL EXTENSION - PHASE VIII - 60TH ST S TO CITY LIMITS Project Number: PK.19.01 Construction Year: 2019 quality services to area residents who utilize the park system. One of the goals of the is to support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The supports the inclusion of bike lanes and bike trails along city streets. Beaver Island Trail Phase VIII, 2016 Sales Tax (Extension) 31% $220,000 Federal - TEP 69% $480,000 The does not address this type of project. The supports the inclusion of trials along the Mississippi River along with the inclusion of recreational amenities to connect people to the river. TOTAL 100% $700,000* Design and construct trail sections to connect the Beaver Island Trail from 60 th Street South and the wastewater treatment plant to To meet the goals of the Park Master Plan and the City for connecting sites of regional and local City staff is in collaboration with County Park employees, have continually been in communication and have made this trail This improvement will have a life of 25+ years. Certain elements of this project will need maintenance and staffing on an annual the southern city limits and ultimately connecting to the Stearns significance and to encourage development of safe, connection a priority for the next trail project to be basis to clean, maintain and provide general user safety. Annual County trail system and Warner Lake County Park. The trail would convenient and coordinated pedestrian and bicycle implemented and applied for under federal, state and local maintenance costs are estimated at $5,000. Also, every five years be located along railroad corridor, road ROW and/ or other alignments chosen. movement in our city. 1997 Survey of St. Cloud residents indicated that 60% would include hiking and biking trails within funding opportunities. a maintenance cost for seal coating of $10,000 should be added. A staffing need of.05 FTE will exist when this project is the ideal park in their neighborhood. Residents also chose biking and hiking as two out of the top three activities in which they are most likely to participate. A 2001 survey for the completed in full. comprehensive plan ranked parks/trails #2 of the City s Top 10 Strengths. 46
GEORGE FRIEDRICH PARK IMPROVEMENTS Project Number: PK.19.02 Construction Year: 2019 quality services to area residents who utilize the park system. One of the goals of the is to support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems. The identifies best practice areas for this project including: sustainable building practices, alternative energy and energy efficiencies opportunities and improving community The does not address this type of project. Beaver Island Trail Phase VIII, 2016 State of MN - Bond 100% $6,000,000 TOTAL 100% $6,000,000* The calls for the promotion of the City of St. Cloud as the economic heart of the region. Continued investment in regional attractions assists in meeting that goal. The does not address this type of project. Master plan, land acquisition, design and construct access roads, parking areas, utilities, shelters, trails and other George Friedrich Park is located in the east side of the City at the intersection of University Drive and 19th Avenue SE. The site Parkland (51 acres) was acquired in 2015, and no improvements have been made to date. Resources have not been identified to fund the master planning, land acquisition or future improvements. miscellaneous improvements according to a future master plan has both historical significance and unique natural resources. developed for the park. Such characteristics serve as potential to provide a range of educational, passive and recreational opportunities for the region. Currently, there are no improved recreational facilities or programmed trails in this immediate area of St. Cloud 47
Project Number: PK.20.01 Construction Year: RIVERWALK PHASE I 2020 The Downtown Framework Plan within the identifies this connection as a link from existing & future trails to downtown & the Mississippi River. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The supports the inclusion of bike lanes and bike trails along city streets. The does not address this type of project. RiverWalk Concept, 2017 Sales Tax (Dedicated) 20% $1,000,000 Grant 20% $1,000,000 Private 60% 100% $3,000,000 $5,000,000* TOTAL *Projected construction costs are based on 2017 dollars. The supports the inclusion of trials along the Mississippi River along with the inclusion of recreational amenities to connect people to the river. St. Cloud Urban Area http://ci.stcloud.mn.us/116/mississippi-river DESCRIPTION JUSTIFICATION HISTORY BUDGET IMPLICATIONS Design and construct a Riverwalk area adjacent to the Mississippi River north of the River s Edge Convention Center. The Riverwalk is envisioned to serve as a regional destination for active recreation and community events, while spawning interest in adjacent urban development. The Riverwalk also provides an opportunity to restore the eroding Mississippi River shoreline. The 2011 St. Cloud Urban Area called for a public plaza space adjacent to the River within the urban core of St. Cloud. Renewed public interest in River access creates a necessary space for people to access the river for recreational opportunities, fishing and boating access and other activities. The Beaver Island Trail has previously been planned to traverse the same area. The 2011 St. Cloud Urban Area called for increased public spaces with access to the River within the urban core. The Plan called for public plaza space, improved shorelines, increased trails and pedestrian walkways, fishing and boat access within the area. In 2016-2017, a number of open houses have been conducted to develop a St. Cloud RiverWalk Master Plan to bring those ideas to reality. Expansion of the trail system and the creation of new public spaces adjacent to the Mississippi River will result in increased maintenance costs both in terms of pavement maintenance and management as well as personnel. 48
NEENAH CREEK REGIONAL PARK IMPROVEMENTS Project Number: PK.21.01 Construction Year: 2021 One of the goals of the is to support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The Complete Street Policy does not address this type of project. Neenah Creek Regional Park Concept, 2007 Sales Tax (Extension) 100% $10,000,000 TOTAL 100% $10,000,000* The calls for the promotion of the City of St. Cloud as the economic heart of the region. Continued investment in regional attractions assists in meeting that goal. The does not address this type of project. *Projected construction costs are based on 2011 dollars. Neenah Creek Regional Park Master Plan http://mn-stcloud.civicplus.com/ documentcenter/home/view/936 Design and construct access roads, parking areas, utilities, shelters, trails, athletic fields, and other miscellaneous Neenah Creek Regional Park is located in the south side of the City at the intersection of County Road 136 and 40th Street Parkland was acquired in 1999, and no improvements have been made to date. In 2005 30 acres of land were acquired This improvement is intended to last for a number of years. When the master plan was completed for this Regional Park it indicated improvements according to the Neenah Creek Master Plan. The South. The site has both historical significance, and unique with local option sales tax and MNDNR grant funds. In 2007 a a 25 million cost estimate for development. Recourses have not City will undertake an update of the Neenah Creek Master Plan natural resources. Such characteristics serve as potential to Master plan for this regional park was completed. been identified to cover these total costs. Staffing costs as well as to evaluate future facilities within the park. provide a range of educational, passive and active recreational opportunities for the region. Currently, there are no annual maintenance costs will be low for the project at this stage. As the project nears full build-out and development, it improved recreational facilities or programmed athletic sport turf fields in the south St. Cloud area. would be anticipated that personnel as well as equipment will be needed to maintain this resource. 49
WHITNEY REGIONAL PARK CONTINUED IMPROVEMENTS Project Number: PK.22.01 Construction Year: 2022 One of the goals of the is to ensure public infrastructure and facilities provide high-quality and effective public health, safety, education, and civic services. The identifies a number of best practice areas that would apply to this project including: sustainable building practices, alternative energy opportunities as well as energy efficiency opportunities and improving community health while preserving open space. The Complete Street Policy does not address this type of project. Whitney Regional Park Sales Tax (Extension) 100% $1,500,000 TOTAL 100% $1,500,000* The calls for the promotion of the City of St. Cloud as the economic heart of the region. Continued investment in regional attractions assists in meeting that goal. The does not address this type of project. New construction, updating and replacement of park features in collaboration with the future Community Aquatic Center Project. These improvements were originally budgeted from the Local Option Sales Tax but subsequently reduced to support The $175,000 budget from LOST funds was spent on irrigation, fencing, and lighting and replacement of the electrical service The less than optimal condition of the fields, roads, parking, infrastructure and facilities at Whitney Park will undoubtedly Restore and replace aging infrastructure, concession building, alternative projects. This item was programed for the amount of in the park. Efforts to raise the necessary funds for additional cause customers, tournaments and even league participants to roads, walking paths, irrigation pumps, parking, playgrounds and $750,000 in earlier versions of the CIP. The improvement budget improvements through donations and grants have met with look elsewhere to satisfy their athletic endeavors causing a playing surfaces to meet the needs of an increasing customer/ user base. The need still exists to improve the efficiency of the was reduced to $175,000. This amount has satisfied some of needs at Whitney. Many of the deficits at Whitney remain limited success. There are currently two user groups of Whitney Park that are embarking on fund raising drives to make reduction in revenue for the program and consequently a corresponding reduction in hotel/motel utilization and subsidiary parking lot lighting, replacement of dry wells with storm sewer connections, renovation and expansion of the concession and restroom facility, additional field lighting, repaving of parking lots unsatisfied. Whitney Regional Park has been determined to be the site for the Community Aquatic Center Project to be constructed in 2016; many of the infrastructure needs now have improvements to the park. service components. and trail system and installation of electronic scoreboards and signage on multiple sports fields. a higher priority given this regional community asset. 50
ST. CLOUD LAKE WOBEGON TRAIL CONNECTION - PHASE I Project Number: PK.23.01 Construction Year: 2023 The goals of the support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems as well as support a highlyconnected transportation network that facilitates safe access and mobility for all forms of transportation. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The Complete Street Policy does not address this type of project. Lake Wobegon Trail Alternatives, 2014 Sales Tax (Dedicated) 100% $1,000,000 TOTAL 100% $1,000,000* The does not address this type of project. The supports the inclusion of trials along the Mississippi River along with the inclusion of recreational amenities to connect people to the river. The Lake Wobegon Trail Connection would allow convenient bike access from the Lake Wobegon Trail to the Mississippi River. *Projected construction costs are based on 2011 dollars. Wobegon Trail Planning Study http://ci.stcloud.mn.us/documentcenter/home/ View/7514 The extension of the Lake Wobegon Trail connecting at the vicinity of Waite Avenue and Veterans Drive then heading east to the Mississippi River crossing TH15 utilizing the existing pedestrian bridge at 10th Street North, then progressing east along 10th Street North, Centennial Drive and11th Street North (West to East). The trail would be grade separated in design and located within public right of way. In the future, the trail is to ultimately be connected with the Lake Wobegon trail in St. Joseph. To meet the goals of the Park Master Plan and the City for connecting sites of regional and local significance and to encourage development of safe, convenient and coordinated pedestrian and bicycle movement in our city. 1997 Survey of St. Cloud residents indicated that 60% would include hiking and biking trails within the ideal park in their neighborhood. Also in this survey, residents chose biking and hiking as two out of the top three activities in which they are most likely to participate. A 2001 survey for the ranked parks/trails #2 of the City s Top 10 Strengths. In 2007, the St. Cloud City Council approved a funding allocation of $250,000 to begin this project. The City has requested the acquisition of certain desired lands from the BNSF Railroad; all attempts have been unsuccessful. In 2008, Stearns County completed a Rails with Trails Feasibility Study to help guide the overall trail alignment and to present a unified collaborative approach to the BNSF Railroad. In 2013 the City of St. Cloud completed a St. Cloud Lake Wobegon Trail Planning Study to define primary and alternate trail connection routes. Previous versions of the CIP had identified the Lake Wobegon Trail Extension as a 2017 project. While the extension will have a dedicated funding source due to the sales tax extension approval in 2014, the funding will not be accessible during the programmed This improvement will have a life of 25+ years. Certain elements of this project will need maintenance and staffing to provide general user safety. Annual maintenance costs is estimated at $5,000. In addition, seal coating costs of $10,000 are to be considered for every five years. A staffing need of.05 FTE will exist when this project is completed in full. years of the current CIP. When the dedicated sales tax funds become available, the trail extension will move forward into the programmed years. 51
Project Number: PK.UPP.01 Construction Year: CENTENNIAL PARK WADING POOL REPLACEMENT Unprogrammed Priority Project One of the goals of the is to support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The Complete Street Policy does not address this type of project. The does not address this type of project. Centennial Park Wading Pool, 2014 Unidentified TOTAL 100% 100% $750,000 $750,000* The does not address this type of project. DESCRIPTION JUSTIFICATION HISTORY BUDGET IMPLICATIONS Demolish old wading pool and design and build a new splash pad and/or pool at Centennial Park. Centennial Pool is currently 30+ years old, and no major updates have been made to this facility. A 1997 public survey indicated that residents choose swimming as the fourth most likely activity in which they would participate. Mechanical and structural problems continue to exist every year at our aging pools in St. Cloud. A systematic replacement plan is recommended for all pools within the City of St. Cloud. This improvement will have a life of 25+ years. Certain elements of this project will need maintenance and staffing on an annual basis to clean, maintain and provide general user safety. Certain elements will need capital maintenance i.e. pump replacement and pool painting. Annual maintenance costs are estimated at $10,000. A staffing need of.50 FTE will exist when this project is completed in full. 52
PARK LAND ACQUISITION Project Number: PK.UPP.02 Construction Year: Unprogrammed Priority Project One of the goals of the is to support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems. The Placemaking Plan recommends incorporating public art into City CIP projects. There is no applicable public art component for this project. Artistic components could be implemented if/when this park land is developed. The identifies Sustainable Land Use Policies as a best practice area which includes preserving open space. The Complete Street Policy does not address this type of project. Heritage Park, 2006 Unidentified 100% $1,000,000 TOTAL 100% $1,000,000* The does not address this type of project. The does not address this type of project. Acquisition of new parklands and trail corridors. The City of St. Cloud has historically acquired park properties through a variety Voter approved referendum on sales tax extension in the 2004 election. Securing lands through acquisition is an important Voter approved referendum on sales tax extension in the 2004 election. Land acquisition will not require immediate staffing, annual maintenance or capital equipment purchases as long as it of funding methods including the St. Cloud Development Fund, priority for our community. remains undeveloped. Sales Tax and grant opportunities. The current budget climate is to such efforts, and local matching funds are limited. In addition grant opportunities through State of MN is diminishing and more competitive. These combined factors have resulted in fewer parkland acquisitions. However, the Planning Commission and City Council are in a position annually to review property acquisition given budget availability if an opportunity were presented. 53
TRAIL ALONG SAUK RIVER - CR134 TO CR120 Project Number: PK.UPP.03 Construction Year: Unprogrammed Priority Project The goals of the support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems as well as support a highlyconnected transportation network that facilitates safe access and mobility for all forms of transportation. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The supports the inclusion of bike lanes and bike trails along city streets. Trail along Sauk River, 2010 Unidentified 100% $1,000,000 TOTAL 100% $1,000,000* The does not address this type of project. The supports the inclusion of trials along the Mississippi River along with the inclusion of recreational amenities to connect people to the river. Design and build a trail along the Sauk River off CR134 going north to CR120. The City indicates the importance for connecting sites of regional and local significance and to This project first appeared in the 2003 2008 CIP. This improvement will have a life of 25+ years. Certain elements of this project will need maintenance and staffing on an annual encourage development of safe, convenient and coordinated basis to clean, maintain and provide general user safety. Annual pedestrian and bicycle movement in our city. 1997 Survey of St. maintenance costs are estimated at $5,000. Also every five years Cloud residents indicated that 60% say they would include hiking and biking trails within the ideal park in their a maintenance cost for seal coating of $10,000 should be added. A staffing need of.05 FTE will exist when this project is neighborhood. Also in this 1997 Survey, residents also chose biking and hiking as two out of the top three activities in which they are most likely to participate. According to the St. Cloud completed in full. Area Planning Organization Bikeway and Pedestrian Plan 2004, trails in this location are encouraged. 54
PARK, TRAIL AND COURT SURFACES - PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT Project Number: PK.UPP.04 Construction Year: Unprogrammed Priority Project One of the goals of the is to ensure public infrastructure and facilities provide high-quality and effective public health, safety, education, and civic services. The Placemaking Plan recommends incorporating public art into City CIP projects. There is no applicable public art component for this project. The includes several best practices that would apply to this project including selecting materials to minimize stormwater runoff with sustainable building materials to protect groundwater resources. The does not address this type of project. Beaver Island Trail, 2010 Unidentified 100% $500,000 TOTAL 100% $500,000* The does not address this type of project. The does not address this type of project. Provide crack sealing and seal coating of all of the Scenic River Trail, Beaver Island Trail and all trails, parking facilities and Aggregates are showing within the full length of both of regional trails mentioned, which is a common sign that the Many lengths of trail and park bituminous infrastructure are a point where they need maintenance. Crack sealing, seal This improvement will extend the life of certain bituminous infrastructure for 10-15 years and will only need maintenance in walkways located in all other parks or greenways within the park surface needs to be protected. The Beaver Island Trail was coating and resurfacing will be necessary to avoid removal the form of sweeping, washing and snow clearing. Annual system. Repair and resurface multiple tennis and basketball installed in 1991, and the Scenic River Trail in 1995 and neither and replacement at a much higher cost than maintaining the maintenance costs are estimated at $15,000 and require a courts within the park system. has been seal coated on a regular schedule since since their installation. The remainder of all of the other park bituminous current. staffing need of.25 FTE. assets has been installed prior to 1991 and is in significant disrepair. Many tennis and basketball courts are in a dilapidated condition and will become a safety issues if not repaired. 55
PARK MAINTENANCE - STORAGE FACILITY Project Number: PK.UPP.05 Construction Year: Unprogrammed Priority Project One of the goals of the is to ensure public infrastructure and facilities provide high-quality and effective public health, safety, education, and civic services. The Placemaking Plan recommends incorporating public art into City CIP projects. There is no applicable public art component for this project. The identifies a number of best practice areas that would apply to this project including: sustainable building practices, alternative energy opportunities as well as energy efficiency opportunities. The does not address this type of project. Whitney Regional Park Unidentified 100% $300,000 TOTAL 100% $300,000* The does not address this type of project. The does not address this type of project. 2015 - Chapter 8 - Community Facilities http://ci.stcloud.mn.us/documentcenter/home/ View/10430 The do not address this type of project. The do not address this type of project. In an effort to improve park maintenance functions, as well as provide adequate storage space currently for equipment and Park Maintenance has a number of small buildings, in various states of disrepair, located south of the SCSU campus. The new Park Maintenance buildings are 1970 s conversions of 1950 s wastewater treatment buildings. The Community Facilities Budget considerations are unknown at this time due to the undetermined building footprint, and the possibility of any necessary supplies, a 6,000 square foot storage facility building is storage building would help meet the growth demands of the Assessment Study recommends not reusing the existing facilities consideration from SCSU on future acquisition of this facility in necessary located at Whitney Regional Park. In 2006 and 2015 new Park & Recreation Department and improve operations at due to their poor condition. However, a large need for anticipation of a future park maintenance service center the Park Department sold certain acreage to SCSU in anticipation of a perceived move to Neenah Creek Regional Whitney Regional Park. equipment storage exists and the recent expansion that was constructed at the Central Maintenance Facility did not located at Neenah Creek Regional Park. Park where it was anticipated that a new park maintenance service center facility may be constructed. It is now not known, if or when, a new service center can or will be constructed. provide any needed Park Maintenance storage. 56
Project Number: PK.UPP.06 Construction Year: MUNSINGER GARDENS LILY POND AND SPECIAL EVENTS RENOVATION Unprogrammed Priority Project One of the goals of the is to ensure public infrastructure and facilities provide high-quality and effective public health, safety, education, and civic services. The identifies a number of best practice areas that would apply to this project including: sustainable building practices, alternative energy opportunities as well as energy efficiency opportunities. The does not address this type of project. The calls for the promotion of the City of St. Cloud as the economic heart of the region. Continued investment in regional attractions assists in meeting that goal. Munsinger Clemens Gardens, 2017 Unidentified TOTAL 100% 100% $500,000 $500,000* The does not address this type of project. DESCRIPTION JUSTIFICATION HISTORY BUDGET IMPLICATIONS The Workers Progress Administration Lily Pond that was constructed in the 1930 s in Munsinger Gardens is not the pond that exists today and a restoration fitting of the original Joseph Munsinger design is needed to restore it back to its original grandeur. These possible additions would also help to allow flora and fish to survive in the pond. The Special Events area located on the far south side of the Gardens is in disrepair and either needs to be overhauled or a new area and design needs to be constructed. Brick pieces are falling from the altar and the arborvitae living fence has been deteriorating every year due to deer problems and the elements. This area hosts many special events, weddings and photography sessions; which generate revenue for the Gardens Programs. To meet the goals of the Park and Recreation Department and the Gardens Division for planning and providing park development and capital improvement plans to provide maintenance of our facilities and park features so that they are displayed in an attractive manner expected by the public. Annually the Munsinger and Clemens Gardens plays host to thousands of visitors from throughout the state of Minnesota, the United States, and even visitors from around the world. When these people visit the gardens they eat in our restaurants, stay in our hotels, and shop at our stores, hence the Gardens are an economic necessity for our Community. City staff, in collaboration with the Friends of the gardens and the Munsinger Clemens Botanical Society have continually been in communication in regards to the necessary upkeep and maintenance of the Gardens to keep it at a high standard which visitors have come to expect. Due to the age of the Park, some of its key features require redevelopment. This project has also been identified in the 2006 Riverside Park Development and Conceptual Plan. This improvement will have a life of 50+ years. Certain elements of this project will need maintenance and staffing to provide upkeep and general user safety. 57
RIVERSIDE REGIONAL PARK EASTSIDE TRAIL - PHASE I Project Number: PK.UPP.07 Construction Year: Unprogrammed Priority Project The goals of the support of network of recreational facilities and natural areas that meet the needs of area residents and protect local ecosystems as well as support a highlyconnected transportation network that facilitates safe access and mobility for all forms of transportation. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The supports the inclusion of bike lanes and bike trails along city streets. Eastside Trail, 2013 Unidentified 100% $800,000 TOTAL 100% $800,000* The does not address this type of project. The supports the inclusion of trials along the Mississippi River along with the inclusion of recreational amenities to connect people to the river. Develop an eastside of St. Cloud Mississippi River paved trail connecting Riverside Drive SE (starting at 10 Street SE) through To meet the goals of the Park Master Plan and the City for connecting sites of regional and local This trail segment was first identified in the 2006 Riverside Park Development and Conceptual Plan. Repairing the eroded This improvement will have a life of 25+ years. Certain elements of this project will need maintenance and staffing to provide the Munsinger Gardens into Riverside Park, SCSU Talahi Woods significance and to encourage development of safe, riverbank has also been identified by local residents and general user safety. Annual maintenance costs are estimated at and Liberty Glen Loop area. The project will also encompass convenient and coordinated pedestrian and bicycle special interest groups as a necessary item through the public $5,000. In addition, seal coating costs of $10,000 are to be repairing the eroded Mississippi River bank and adding stormwater best management practices within the project. movement in our city. 1997 Survey of St. Cloud residents indicated that 60% would include hiking and biking trails within input process. considered for every five years. A staffing need of.05 FTE will exist when this project is completed in full. the ideal park in their neighborhood. Also in this survey, residents chose biking and hiking as two out of the top three activities in which they are most likely to participate. A 2001 survey for the ranked parks/trails #2 of the City s Top 10 Strengths. 58
PARK MAINTENANCE SERVICE CENTER Project Number: PK.UPP.08 Construction Year: Unprogrammed Priority Project One of the goals of the is to ensure public infrastructure and facilities provide high-quality and effective public health, safety, education, and civic services. The identifies several best practice areas that would apply to The does not address this type of project. Park Maintenance Service Center Concept Unidentified 100% $10,000,000 TOTAL 100% $10,000,000* The calls for the promotion of the City of St. Cloud as the economic heart of the region. Continued investment in regional attractions assists in meeting that goal. The does not address this type of project. Design and construct a new Park Maintenance Service Center (maintenance facility) and other miscellaneous improvements to The City recently negotiated the acquisition of George Friedrich Park with SCSU. As part of this acquisition and agreement, the Parkland was acquired in 1999, and no improvements have been made to date. In 2005 30 acres of land were acquired This improvement is intended to last for a number of years. When the master plan was completed for this Regional Park it indicated be located at either Neenah Creek Regional Park or on another Park Maintenance Division has until 2020 to vacate their current with local option sales tax and MNDNR grant funds. In 2007 a a 25 million cost estimate for development. Recourses have not City owned property to be determined. maintenance facility and associated lands. Master plan for this regional park was completed. been identified to cover these total costs. Staffing costs as well as annual maintenance costs will be low for the project at this stage. As the project nears full build-out and development, it would be anticipated that personnel as well as equipment will be needed to maintain this resource. 59