Sweet cherry production in Portugal Berta Gonçalves
Summary 1 2 Considerations Climate change and its impacts Areas and Productions 3 Market 4 Rootstocks and Cultivars 5 Packaging 2
Part 1 1 2 Considerations Climate change and its impacts Areas and Productions 3 Market 4 Rootstocks and Cultivars 5 Packaging 3
The City Climate change and its impacts 4
The University Climate change and its impacts 5
The Research Centre / Sustainable Agro-Food Chains (SAC) Climate change SAC research and its is impacts organized into two related projects: Agronomy, climate change & environmental studies MAJOR SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES: Climate variability and environmental impacts Biodiversity as a potential resource for sustainable development; selection, characterization and conservation of plant resources Environmental stresses. Improvement of cropping practices and mitigation measures Nutrient cycles, processing and reuse of animal and agro-food residues Food composition and health effects Added value products derived from agro-food wastes MAP Biotechnology & bioactivities Grape berry biochemistry & quality 6
Part 2 1 2 Considerations Climate change and its impacts Areas and Productions 3 Market 4 Rootstocks and Cultivars 5 Packaging 7
Production, productivity x 10 000 Area and Production in World 1961 1980 2002 2011 Area (ha) 93 364 167 705 369 507 381 482 Production (t) 1 298 520 1 279 050 1 746452 2 240 491 Area x 10 000 8 Production (t) Productivity (dag/ha) Area (ha) FAOSTAT
Production x 1000 t Area, Production and Productivities in the main producing countries, 2009-2011 Production (t) Area (ha) Productivity (kg/ha) Area, productivity x 1000 FAOSTAT 9
Air Temperatures in Portugal Average Minimum T 1971-2000 Average Maximum T 1971-2000 10 Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere, 2012
Insolation and Precipitation in Portugal Average Insolation 1971-2000 Average Precipitation 1971-2000 11 Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere, 2012
Areas of Production in Portugal Beira Interior (Cova da Beira); 55% total production Trás-os-Montes 40% total production 84% production area Small size orchards: 1.13 ha Old orchards: over 10 years old Low plantation densities 12 Low productivities
Area, Production, x 1000 t Area and Production in Portugal 1961 1980 2002 2011 Area (ha) 2 800 2 925 5 587 5 744 Production (t) 29 600 11 157 19 422 10 416 INE Productivity Area (ha) Production (t) Productivity(Kg/ha) 13
Maturation Calendar Average maturation calendar of cherry cultivars, in the north of Portugal 14
Maturation calendar in Cova da Beira 15
Production and Marketing Calendar in Portugal 16
Part 3 1 2 Considerations Climate change and its impacts Areas and Productions 3 Market 4 Rootstocks and Cultivars 5 Packaging 17
Exports vs. Imports 18
Producer Prices in Cova da Beira 19
Prices at Lisbon Wholesale Market 20
Part 4 1 2 Considerations Climate change and its impacts Areas and Productions 3 Market 4 Rootstocks and Cultivars 5 Packaging 21
Rootstocks characteristics Prunus avium; Prunus mahaleb: Santa Lúcia, SL64; Prunus cerasus: Edabriz, série Cab (6P e11e); Híbridos: Colt, séries Maxma (14) and de Geissen (Gisela 1,5,6,7 and 10). Classification Very dwarfing Dwarfing Classification of the main cherry rootstocks Vigor index (% trunck section) Main rootstocks Semi-dwarfing Vigorous Very vigorous 22
Rootstocks 23
Rootstocks 24
Cultivars characteristics Self-fertile; Long harvesting period; Resistant to bacterial canker; Caliber; Colour, brightness and organoleptic quality; Firmness; Resistance to cracking; Storage ability; Skeena, Lapins, Stella, Vista, Sunburst, New Star, Celeste, Sweetheart, Van, Summit, Durona 3, Regina, Brooks 25
Cultivars 26
Cultivars characteristics Qualitative characteristics of the fruits of the main cultivars, in France Maturation date (±Burlat) Weight (g) Firmness (Durofel 25) SS (ºBrix) Acidity (g/l) 27
Cultivars characteristics Comparison between recent cherry cultivars and standard cultivars Maturation date (±Van) Weight (g) Firmness (Durofel 25) Soluble solids (%) Acidity (mg/100ml) Natural cracking (%) Cracking index 28
Cherry production can not be 29
Cherry production should be 30
In ripening 31
Part 5 1 2 Considerations Climate change and its impacts Areas and Productions 3 Market 4 Rootstocks and Cultivars 5 Packaging 32
Packaging can not be 33
Packaging should be 34
Packaging should be 35
What we are going to study 36
What we are going to study 37
What we are going to study Growth regulators (GA 3, GA 4, GA 7, BA, auxines) Size To reduce susceptibility to cracking The reduction of floral differentiation and production of the following year Prohexadione-calcium, Forchlorfenuron Biostimulants 38
Invitation UTAD 4-5 th December 2014 39
40 João Carrola