The transportation and land use connection

A sustainable trend? 180% 160% 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Annual vehicle miles traveled US Population Road mileage We re driving more. Infrastructure can t keep up. 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Community Design Transportation Land Use

The transportation-land use relationship Density Diversity Design

Density Describes how closely land uses are placed to one another Higher density = closer proximity less distance traveled More efficient use of space Doubling density reduces vehicle travel by 38%

¼ mile mile ¼ mile mile 3 dwelling units per acre = ~100 dwelling units 9 dwelling units per acre = ~280 dwelling units

Design How different uses/places relate to each other Buildings Street network Public spaces

Diversity Mix of uses Proximity between origins and destinations Generates local activity

¼ mile mile

Traditional Arterial E14th Corridor - San Leandro, CA Source: Steve Price, Community, Design + Architecture

Arterial with Signal, Streetscape and Pedestrian Modifications E14th Corridor - San Leandro, CA Source: Steve Price, Community, Design + Architecture

Arterial with Pedestrian, Bike, and Infill / Mixed-Use Redevelopment 3D s Applied E14th Corridor - San Leandro, CA Source: Steve Price, Community, Design + Architecture

Networks and connectivity

Connectivity and corridors

Connectivity Short trips can be made on the local street network All trips must use the main arterial Good connectivity Poor connectivity

Networks create capacity

Source: TJPDC, VDoT, City of Charlottesville, & Albemarle Co. CD+A, Meyer, Mohaddes, & Urban Advantage

Getting it done: tools for implementation

Setting the vision

Overlays existing code Urban design overlay

Urban design overlay

Form-based code Emphasis on form, not use Relationships to the public realm (street)

Connectivity ordinances & access management standards

Impact fees & adequate public facility ordinances Can be used to fund on-site improvements, or Require construction of facilities

Density & parking bonuses Developer incentive Build street improvements Additional density/intensity, relaxed parking requirements, etc.

NW 54 th Street corridor in Miami typical existing 70 R.O.W.

70 R.O.W. enhanced Wider sidewalks with street trees Wide outside lane for larger vehicles and bicycles Removed center turn lane (except at major intersections) Can be implemented within the existing ROW

Redevelopment on one side Expanded ROW through developer easement Wider sidewalk addresses building facade Add bike lane and on-street parking

Redevelopment on both sides County to implement through formbased code ROW easement Building orientation FAR incentives Reduced parking requirements

Tag along projects Resurfacing Drainage Reconstruction/new construction

Isn t it expensive? The cost is incremental or minimal in terms of the overall construction costs for a new facility. Whit Clement, Virginia Secretary of Transportation

Public financing Tax increment financing Bonds MSTU s

Tools for implementation Questions?

Thank you! www.knoxtrans.org/complete streets.htm