Fire & Life Safety
TIMOTHY R. SZYMANSKI Instructor 44 years experience as a firefighter serving in every position from firefighter/paramedic to fire chief. Nationally and State Certified Fire & Life Safety Educator III Public Education & Information Officer (PEIO) Juvenile Firesetter Intervention Specialist II Master Instructor Nevada State Fire Marshal NV Education Contact Nat l Fire Protection Assn
NOTICE The instructor is always on-call for emergency response in the city and this class may be cancelled at any time.
Objectives of the Course To become familiar of what fire is, the dangers of fire and what to do in the event of a fire. Learn how to use a fire extinguisher properly. Learn other Fire & Life Safety procedures concerning Child Safety
Fire Facts Fires kill more than 4000 people each year in the United States and more than 30,000 are injured. 80% of fire deaths occur in the home, the place were most people feel the safest.
LEADING CAUSES OF FIRES
LEADING CAUSE OF FIRES & FIRE RELATED INJURIES BOTH IN LAS VEGAS AND THE REST OF U.S. COOKING FIRES
Microwave Oven Fires
ELECTRICAL ee FIRES
CANDLE FIRES
CARELESS SMOKING
CHILDREN PLAYING WITH FIRE
Combustibles Too Close To Heat
What is Fire?
FIRE IS COMBUSTION Different forms of combustion: SLOW Rust FAST Fire VERY FAST - Explosion
What is NEEDED for fire: HEAT FUEL OXYGEN CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION
Fire Tetrahedron FIRE TETRAHEDRON
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION / FIRE LIGHT HEAT FIRE GASES SMOKE
3 STAGES OF A FIRE INCIPENT FREE BURNING Flashover SMOLDERING Backdraft
Flashover is when everything in the room ignites and the room is inferno, everything is on fire. Everything is consumed and turned to ash when flashover occurs. The temperature in the room can be over 1000 degrees. Rooms can flashover in 3-7 minutes.
HEAT TEMPERATURE AT THE CEILING CAN BE 1000 DEGREES FOR MORE. AT 4-7 FEET ABOVE FLOOR, 400-800 DEGREES. ON THE FLOOR, 90-130 DEGREES SKIN WILL START TO MELT AT 160 DEGREES AIR 150 DEGREES AND ABOVE WILL BURN THE INSIDE OF YOUR LUNGS.
FIRE GASES CARBON DIOXIDE HYDROGEN SULFIDE HYDROGEN CYANIDE WATER VAPOR CARBON MONOXIDE
GASES Carbon Monoxide It is a Tasteless, Odorless, Invisible Gas (can not see, smell, taste the gas) It is produced anytime there is flame (candles, stove, furnace, fireplace, fire) Hemoglobin in human blood absorbs carbon monoxide 200 times more than oxygen. The body like the poison gas more than the air you breath.
GASES Carbon Monoxide It is an anesthetic gas, it put cells to sleep, including your brain which can affect how well you react during a fire. It is accumulative gas, once in the body, it takes weeks, sometimes months for it leave the body.
SMOKE Smoke is the most dangerous product produced by the fire. Smoke kills more people than the poison gases or the heat. Most people do not know the dangers of smoke because of movies and television shows. There is a misconception of what happens during a fire.
SMOKE Smoke carries heat great distances from the actual fire. Smoke can be just as hot as the fire itself. Smoke carries the poison gases with it, great distances from the main fire. Smoke can make the room very dark, so dark that you can not see.
SMOKE There is NO air in smoke. You can drown in the smoke. You must SWIM under the smoke to escape. You must lie flat on the floor with your nose against the floor to breath.
Video
IN CASE OF FIRE
NOTIFICATION Usually the smoke alarm is the first device to notify you of an incident. Smoke odor or other strange odor. Haze outside or inside People banging on door Lights flickering or appliances do not work.
SMOKE ALARMS Smoke ALARMS are your first line of defense. Two types: IONIZATION smells smoke PHOTOELECTRIC can see the smoke. Power source, wired in & battery Should be checked once a month. Battery changed in fall when change clock Clean with vacuum every six months Need to be replaced every ten years.
SMOKE ALARMS Where to mount One in each room where a person sleeps One in the hallway leading to sleeping rooms. One between the kitchen and hallway. One for each floor of the residence. Mount according to instructions on the package. The higher the smoke alarm, the sooner the warning.
SMOKE ALARMS Where to mount Smoke alarms can be mounted on a wall, but as high as possible. Keep smoke alarms six inches from any corner.
SMOKE ALARMS Where to mount Smoke alarms can be mounted on a wall, but as high as possible. Keep smoke alarms six inches from any corner.
SMOKE ALARMS Where to mount Smoke alarms can be mounted on a wall, but as high as possible. Keep smoke alarms six inches from any corner.
FOR FIRE OR OTHER EMERGENCIES DIAL 9-1-1 Call 9-1-1 from a Safe Place If you are in the same building where the fire is, leave first, then call. Give you name, phone number and address of the emergency. STAY COOL & CALM. Answer all questions that dispatchers ask The information you provide is very important for first responders.
FOR FIRE OR OTHER EMERGENCIES DIAL 9-1-1 Do not hang up until the dispatcher tells you to. Sometimes people get anxious answering questions when they call 9-1-1. Unit are automatically dispatched by computer while you are talking to the dispatcher. Answering their questions actually helps first responders get to the scene faster.
C - Confine CLOSE ALL DOORS CLOSE ALL DOORS CLOSE ALL DOORS The BEST piece of fire equipment in a building is the DOOR. A lot of property and lives would be saved during a fire if people would simply CLOSE THE DOOR.
C - Confine Rooms are compartments and can contain a fire. What lets the fire spread is an open door. Closed doors prevent the smoke, heat, poisonous gases and flame from spreading into a room. While evacuating a building during an alarm, close any open door you see while you are leaving.
C - Confine Close doors when you a leave a building or home for the day. Certain emergency doors are NEVER to be left open, especially doors to exit stairways.
E Extinguish, Escape, Evacuate If the fire is not more than 2 minutes old, You were in the immediate area when it started, You have an escape route, You have a charged fire extinguisher and have been trained how to use it, You have complete R-Rescue A-Turned in the Alarm and C-Confined the incident, you can try to put the fire out.
Bedroom Doors Open or closed? Pro & cons to both.
Children s Rooms Ensure two ways out. Can windows be opened easily Ladder Practice Go up first time Child carrier Ball bat Do not use tot finders
Fire Safety Extras Have a flashlight next to bed to use in an emergency. PRACTICE-PRACTICE-PRACTICE Explain to children what to do in case of fire or other emergency. Teach them about a smoke alarm conditioned reflex.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Produced by anything that has a flame such as: Stove natural gas, propane, butune Candle, lantern, torches Fireplace, wood burning stove Heating devices, furnace, space heater Outside cooking devices, bar-be-cue
Carbon Monoxide Alarm One for each level of home Mount about 6-8 feet from floor. Should be changed every five years. If exposed to CO and activated, it should be replaced.
Children Playing with Fire Matches & Lighters are as deadly as guns. Should be locked for no access Never use the word play when talking about matches/lighters they are tools. Average age: 3-5 years, children usually 2-3 at time. Fully preventable Possible prosecution
Emergency Lighting Always have emergency lighting. Flashlight is good source LED lanterns for larger areas. Do not use candles too dangerous Commercial emergency lighting available.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
How to Use the Fire Extinguisher Fire extinguishers found in most building are the same today. They are Dry Chemical All Class Fire Extinguishers. They can extinguish all classes of fires, so you do not have to figure out which type of fire extinguisher you need as in the past.
How to Use the Fire Extinguisher Parts of the fire extinguisher: Handle Trigger Nozzle Agent Safety Pin Pressure Guage
How To Use The Fire Extinguisher Approach fire with EXIT at your back. Crouch low toward floor for less combustion products. Pull pin on fire extinguisher. Aim nozzle at base of fire Squeeze the handle to shoot the agent. Sweep very slowly allowing powder to cover base of fire.
Smoke Alarms Two types of Smoke Alarms: Ionization Photoelectric Smoke alarms are important because you lose your sense of smell when you sleep at night. The incipient (beginning) stage of the fire produces deadly carbon monoxide gases.
Smoke Alarms Ions released during the combustion process are released into the atmosphere and taken into the Ionization chamber on the Ionization Smoke Alarm and activates the alarm. When the alarm sounds, you should leave immediately. Smoke alarms save lives.
Have a Plan E.D.I.T.H. Exit Drills In The Home