Readings Pages 66 76 Great Architecture of the World Photo: Alexander Aptekar 2009 ARCH 1121 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY
1121- HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Class 5 - Roman Architecture. Trajan's Market Alexander Aptekar
Rome circa 500 BC University of Texas at Austin. Historical Atlas by William Shepherd (1923-26). Capitoline Hill Palatine Hill
Parthenon 447-438BCE Stoa of Attalos 150 BCE Roman Forum 78BCE 608 CE Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia 82BCE First Imperial Forum 54 BC by Caesar Gardner - Art Through the Ages
Pont du Gard at Nimes: 25 CE Triumphal Arch of Septimius Severus 203 CE Baths of Diocletian: 302 CE Basilica of Maxentius: 312 CE Gardner - Art Through the Ages
Ancient Rome: the Master Builders ARTstor Slide Gallery: Susan Silberberg-Peirce
Ancient Roman Architecture By 150 BC, ancient Greek Culture was in decline and the Romans had captured Greece remained strong until 450 CE (AD). Roman architecture was markedly influenced by its Greek and Etruscan predecessors. The Romans replaced Greek stonework with bricks and concrete.
Etruscan Temple: c. 500 BCE [generalized plan and elevations after descriptions by Vitruvius] ARTstor Slide Gallery: Digital Library Federation Academic Image Cooperative
Portonaccio Temple Model : c. 500 BCE ARTstor Slide Gallery: University of California, San Diego
Burial Chamber, Tomb of the Bas-Reliefs: Cerveteri, Italy ARTstor Slide Gallery: University of California, San Diego
By RedTony Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Temple of Fortuna Virilis c. 75 BCE Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Temple of Fortuna Virilis c. 75 BCE Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia: 82 BCE (c) 2006, SCALA, Florence / ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia: 82 BCE Gardner - Art Through the Ages
Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia: 82 BCE Reconstruction of the temple of the Fortuna Primigenia by Palladio.
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia: 82 BCE ARTstor Collection: Susan Silberberg-Peirce, Canyonlights ARTstor Collection: University of California, San Diego
Concrete: Was not liquid, but a mixture of sand, lime, water and aggregate. Poured into wood or brick forms was strong, waterproof, light and monolithic. Covered with brick or marble veneer, or a decorative stucco
1. 1.Opus Caementicium 2.Opus Incertum 3.Opus Reticulatum 4.Opus Testaceum 1. 2. 3. 4. Norwich - Great Architecture of the World 2. 3. 4. Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Concrete: Opus Incertum Opus Reticulatum Opus Reticulatum Opus Testaceum
Concrete:
Roman Engineering Advances: Invented concrete (2 nd century BC), which allowed huge spanning of volumes of interior space (Pantheon) and arched construction (Colosseum) Indoor plumbing, hot water, heat, public lavatories, and sewers creating a highly developed urban infrastructure Rome Everyman Guide
Roman Engineering Advances: Expanded & developed use of arches, vaults and rotundas Invented paved roads Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Roman Architectural Innovations: Apart from the engineering innovations, the Romans: Created urban developments of a large scale, such as the forum, and blocks of apartments using concrete, rising eight stories high. Established triumphal arches. Use of pilasters (half columns that were embedded as part of the wall) and Tuscan and Composite column orders.
Insula: Ostia, 1 century CA (AD) The typical urban building where the majority of Romans lived ARTstor - University of California, San Diego
Forms of arches and vaults:
Forms vaults: Barrel vault: with lateral force diagram on the barrel vault. showing lateral force structural failure.
Forms vaults: Barrel vault: with side reinforing options.
Forms vaults:
Aquaducts Sloped to have water travel from source to city Built first using wood frame-removed once keystone was placed
Pont du Gard at Nimes: 25 CE(AD) Aquaduct water supply Three tiers of stone arches 160 high bringing water from over 25miles away Patrick Clenet Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
by Libär http://www.flickr.com Hedwig Storch Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Timgad 100AD
Plan of Priene 350 BCE Gardner - Art Through the Ages Wikimedia Commons @ http://commons.wikimedia.org
The Forum (Roman Forum) 78BCE 608 CE(AD) City Center of an Empire Collection of Temples, public buildings and statues Different shapes, styles and arranged without order West side = Politics East side = Religious Sides = shops Stefan Bauer, Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
The Forum 78BCE 608 CE (AD)
The Forum 78BCE 608 CE (AD)
The Forum 78BCE 608 CE (AD)
Colosseum Trajans Market Arch of Septimius Severus
Triumphal Arch of Septimius Severus 203 CE (AD) Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Triumphal Arch of Septimius Severus 203 CE (AD) It is build out of brick and travertine, clad with marble slabs Built to celebrate the victories of emperor Septimius Serverus and his sons Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org www. Seindal.dk
Basilica Ulpia: 112 CE (AD) In Forum of Trajan A civic building 385 x 182 A prototype for the layout of the Christian churches Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Basilica Ulpia: 112 CE (AD) Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org Joost van Dongen
Trajans Market 2 nd Century CE Located on the hills behind the Forum Streets of Shops Includes a covered market www. Harpy.ucc.edu www. Harpy.ucc.edu
Trajans Market 100-110CE Moffett - A world history of architecture by sonofgroucho Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
Chris 's Public Gallery http://picasaweb.google.com/ Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org
by jan voorhaar http://www.panoramio.com/photo/
Norwich - Great Architecture of the World Chris 's Public Gallery http://picasaweb.google.com/ Gardner - Art Through the Ages
Baths of Diocletian: 302 CE (AD) Largest and most sumptuous of the imperial baths Remained in use until the aqueducts that fed them were cut by the Goths in CE (AD) 537. Barrel vaults, groin vaults and domes
ARTstor: Illustration from: Fletcher, Banister. A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. Sixth edition, rewritten and enlarged. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. Page 161d
Baths of Diocletian: 302 CE (AD) Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri Was built inside the frigidarium of the Baths Norwich, John - The world Atlas of architecture ARTstor: SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Basilica of Maxentius & Constantine (Nova) 4 th century CE (AD) Very large, vast interior 280 x 88 x 120 high Destined for commercial and administrative activities Covered with vaults, not the typical flat roof as most basilicas www. Harpy.ucc.edu