The Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco City and the BRI BRIDGE for Cities

The Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco City and the BRI BRIDGE for Cities The Sino- Singapore Tianjin Eco City (SSTEC) was conceived by the former Singapore PM Goh Chok Tong and PRC Premier Wen Jiabao on 26 April 2007. Subsequently, the concept of eco-city was included in the Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment, 2007 at the meeting of the ASEAN Heads of State and Government, and participants of the Third East Asia Summit (EAS), which included the People s Republic of China, held on 21 Nov 2007, Singapore. The Singapore Declaration, section 18 states: Address the environmental challenges posed by rapidly growing urbanisation in the region, by, among other measures: a. Pooling our experiences, expertise and technology in areas such as urban planning including transportation, green building, water management, urban greenery and urban biodiversity conservation, sanitation and waste management, 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and air, noise, water, and land pollution control; b. Appreciating initiatives such as Low Carbon Society, Compact Cities, Eco- Cities, and Environmentally Sustainable Transport; Under the Singapore Declaration, there was an emerging consensus regarding the potential of eco-cities (including features of low carbon, compact city, etc ) as an innovative and practical strategy for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Declaration reaffirms the need to take an effective approach to the interrelated challenges of climate change, energy security and other environmental and health issues, in the context of sustainable development. All these will descale the negative impacts of climate change. 1

As Singapore was to host the ASEAN/ EAS meeting, it is not surprising that the then PM Goh Chok Tong prepared the ground in April for the joint cooperation of the Tianjin Eco- City. Then three days before the adoption of the Singapore Declaration, 21 November 2007, PM Lee Hsien Loong and PRC Premier Wen Jiabao signed the Eco-City Framework Agreement on 18 November 2007. In my talk, I shall trace the development of SSTEC from 2007 to date. Ten years have passed and much has occurred in the area of environment that has brought into focus cities. The UNIDO/Finance Center for South South Cooperation 2 nd BRI event is an opportune time to reflect on SSTEC in the context of the theme BRIDGE for Cities. and also the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development. Other important aspects to examine SSTEC are the concept of Nature- Based Solutions (NBS) which is now the core of the IUCN One Programme 2017 2020. The NBS concept has wide import and is aligned with the SDGs and the 2030 Agenda. The Tianjin Eco- City project is unique in many respects, for example, it is a joint venture between Singapore and the People s Republic of China together with other agencies and the private sector. The site is a great challenge as it was very much a waste land with salt farms and polluted water bodies. Summary of presentation: Framework Agreement ( the numbering below are the sections of the Agreement). 3. Premier Wen Jiabao and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong signed the "Framework Agreement on the Development of an Eco-city in the PRC". The vision for the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Ecocity is a "thriving city, which is socially harmonious, environmentally friendly and resourceefficient area - a model for sustainable development". 4. Under the Framework Agreement, the PRC and Singapore will collaborate to share their expertise and experiences in the formulation of policies and programmes to engender social harmony as well as in urban planning, environmental protection, resource conservation, recycling, ecological infrastructure development, use of renewable resources, reuse of wastewater, and sustainable development in the development of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city. 2

Supplementary Agreement Under the Supplementary Agreement, the key outcomes of the development of the Sino- Singapore Tianjin Eco-city shall be to (a) build a vibrant local economy with good environmental conditions, (b) foster the formation of socially harmonious and inclusive communities, (c) adopt good environmental technologies and practices so as to create an attractive quality living environment and (d) serve as reference for other cities in the PRC in the management, technological and policy aspects of the development and protection of their ecological environment. The Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city will be developed by a joint venture company formed by a Singapore Consortium, which is led by Keppel Corporation, and a PRC Consortium which comprises PRC companies such as the Tianjin Binhai New Area Urban Infrastructure Construction Investment Co. Ltd, Tianjin TEDA Investment Holdings Co. Ltd and the China Development Bank. The Master Plan: "1 Axis 3 Centres 4 Districts" "1 Axis" the Eco-valley cutting across the Eco-city, which is the green spine of the city. It links up the City Centre, the 2 sub-centres and the 4 districts in the Eco-city, and provides a scenic trail for pedestrians and cyclists. The tram system, which will be built to meet the Eco-city's transport needs, will run along the Eco-valley. "3 Centres" main City Centre "4 Districts" residential districts in the southern, central, northern and north-eastern parts of the Eco-city. Each district contains several housing neighbourhoods comprising a variety of housing types, as their commercial and amenity centres serving their communities. The Eco-cell is a key concept in the Master Plan. Eco cells are basic building blocks of the Ecocity. Each cell is about 400m by 400m large, generally accepted as a comfortable walking distance. Four Eco-cells make an Eco-neighbourhood. Several Eco-neighbourhoods come together to form an Eco-district. There are 4 Eco-districts in the Eco-city. 3

Eco Cities, Low Carbon Society, Compact Cities Although the concept of Eco-city itself is wider in scope than a low carbon society, the combination of the two would be an eco-city with a low carbon green economic growth. The concept of a low carbon city focuses on the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. High efficiency in energy use, clean energy, green GDP and technological innovation are the key elements to changing consumption and production patterns. A truly low-carbon city requires a system re-think, abandoning many of the embedded notions of the traditional growth models of the 20 th century. It also requires the application of technological innovation throughout the urban fabric (NEIC, 2009). Another definition of low carbon city is one with low levels of carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions (measured in carbon equivalents). At the same time, however, the concept of low carbon city is associated with advanced economic development at high levels off energy efficiency, the use of low carbon technologies (LCTs) across all sectors and low carbon consumption patterns. In a wider sense, the concept of low carbon city is often also associated with sustainability in general. Some of the elements of an eco- low carbon city would include: Policies for reduction of carbon and adaptation to climate change Energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions Green buildings (also, maintain indoor temperature, Smart Grid, improve efficiency of day lighting and artificial lighting, recycling of water in buildings, high insulation, glazed window, heat recovery system, roof top gardens, vertical greening plans to adapt Renewal and alternative energy system (eg food waste to energy, solar wind, etc) Green transportation (public transport (car free),or electric or hybrid cars /integrated transport Reducing CO2 by installing a park-and-ride lot. The Master Plan for land use includes sustainable transport (or alternative to traditional transport by) and using bicycles or simply by foot through compact cities).in Amsterdam for example, much transportation is use of bicycles: Easy 4

& Affordable Parking - Park & Ride. Tianjin Eco-City can learn from the experience of Amsterdam. Nature Based Solutions (Natural Ecology) To harmonize with nature as much as possible in minimizing the required inputs of energy, water and food, its waste output of heat, gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that cause atmospheric pollution and water pollution. To ensure sustainable development, which requires a balance between environmental, social and economic sustainability, the environmental features should be acceptable to the people and should be in harmony with their economic development aspirations. This is envisaged in the Tianjin Eco-City s vision is to be "A thriving city which is socially harmonious, environmentally-friendly and resource-efficient a model for sustainable development". This vision is underpinned by the concepts of "Three Harmonies" and "Three Abilities". "Three Harmonies" refers to: People living in harmony with other people, i.e. social harmony People living in harmony with economic activities, i.e. economic vibrancy People living in harmony with the environment, i.e. environmental sustainability "Three Abilities refers to the Eco-city being: Practicable - the technologies adopted in the Eco-city must be affordable and commercially viable Replicable - the principles and models of the Eco-city could be applied to other cities in China and even in other countries Scalable - the principles and models could be adapted for another project or development of a different scale In the environmentally harmonious creation of an eco-city, the question of equity must be achieved. It can be done by building public housing side by side condominiums. Creating a socially inclusive society through planning. 5

Progress of Tianjin since 2007 Some Key Performance Indicators Four MOUs signed on 25 February 2017 Four MOUs and a strategic framework agreement for the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city were signed in Beijing on 25 February, ahead of the 13th Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC) meeting and the 9th Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city Joint Steering Council (SSTEC JSC) meeting. Minister for National Development and Second Minister for Finance Lawrence Wong and Tianjin Mayor Wang Dongfeng witnessed the signing of the MOUs and the strategic framework agreement, covering water resources management, digital media collaboration, medical health collaboration, R&D collaboration, and implementation of the Smart City Master Plan. Minister Lawrence Wong said, Under these new MOUs, Singapore agencies such as PUB, SingHealth and the Singapore Cooperation Enterprise can share their expertise with Chinese officials to improve the Eco-city s infrastructure and services. Our agencies can also explore industry development opportunities in China, such as in the areas of water management and smart city. Our research organisations from NUS and NTU can also gain access to R&D and commercialisation opportunities in China. Issued by : Ministry of National Development, 26 Feb 2017 6

Conclusion The Tianjin Eco- City and other eco- cities around the world are models that can be tailored to suit the objectives required for each city to deal with the impacts of climate change. Tianjin holds promise for success that can be a model for urban sustainable development. Together with other eco-cities,a set of overarching framework of best practices can be developed and set standards for a whole -of the- planet city living. Question for consideration Examine eco- cities in the BRI context: Bridges for Cities, UNIDO /Finance Center for South South Cooperation 2nd BRI Event, 26 28 Sept 2017, VIC, Vienna, Austria Background: Developing Green Economies for Cities - aims to advance 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and its UN SDGs 2015 (see SDG 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ; SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities ; SDG 13 Climate Action and SDG 17 Partnership for the Goals. The focus is city-level setting. It also takes into account the goals of the BRI Exhibition which undergirds BRIDGES for Cities. The role of eco- -cities are relevant to 3 of the 5 goals (underlined): Policy Coordination: establishment of cooperative mechanism amongst cities located along B&R for the harmonization of industrial development strategies and policies at the municipal level. Inter-city cooperation and offering policy support for the implementation of largescale projects. Enhanced Connectivity: entails construction of interoperable technical standard for the construction of regional infrastructure networks. Requires access to climate friendly low carbon technologies, knowledge and expertise. Unimpeded Trade Financial Integration Cross-Cultural Exchange: cross- cultural exchange among cities along B&R: promoting the dissemination of academic expertise in industrial areas of relevance, the transfer of personnel 7

highly trained in specific industrial sectors, the sharing of emerging and best-available technologies, the organization of vocational trainings and workshops for entrepreneurs, women, youth and socially marginalized, and the centre of south south industrial cooperation. Koh Kheng-Lian September 2017 8