NC STATE UNIVERSITY Floriculture Reserch Deprtment of Horticulturl Science Horticulturl Reserch Series No. 15 My 1 Use of LS 1 During Rooting of Vegettive Ornmentl Cuttings: Experiment 1 Brin E. Whipker, Jmes L. Gison, Ingrm McCll, nd Todd J. Cvins Commercil Floriculture Extension nd Reserch Summry: The effects of LS 1 on plnt growth vried mong cultivrs nd species. LS 1 rtes of 1: promoted the development of xillry shoots during plnt rooting. This trit would e dvntgeous to the propgtion industry. The detrimentl ffects on root growth would limit the use of LS 1 t rtes >1:. With the wide vrition in results, further screening is needed to determine its influence on growth nd determine its cost effectiveness in other species. Introduction: Since 1989, Gustfson LLC Chemicl Co. nd numer of universities hve conducted trils on vegetle trnsplnts with nturlly occurring iologicl inoculnts. These cteri, Penocillus mcerns GB1 nd Bcillus myloliquefciens GB99, re mrketed s LS 1 or BioYield. This clss of cteri re referred to s plnt growth-promoting rhizocteri (PGPR). Reserch reports stte tht PGPRs promote plnt growth (especilly with young trnsplnts), erly flowering, nd improve the erly yield nd qulity of vegetles. These dvntgeous results hve een consistent, with few exceptions, where the results were equl to the untreted control, nd suggest tht the use of PGPRs would e eneficil to vegetle production. PGPRs re wek colonizers of the root system nd cn not compete with other nturlly occurring soil cteri. Consequently, for LS 1 to e effective, Gustfson reports tht the roots must e inoculted with LS 1 t rdicle emergence. Previous studies with LS 1 hve een conducted on vegetle trnsplnts nd it my produce eneficil qulities tht cn e utilized y the floriculture propgtors. The high vlue of vegettively propgted cuttings of floriculture crops mkes them n excellent cndidte for the use of ny product promoting erlier root formtion nd plnt growth. Vegettively propgted ornmentls re currently some of the most populr nd profitle flowering crops. Cuttings re typiclly produced y specilty propgtors. The use of LS 1 with vegettively propgted ornmentls my hve numer of potentil dvntges: 1. Mixing LS 1 in the root sustrte prior to "sticking" the cuttings my llow for inocultion of the roots upon initil emergence (generlly cllus tissue forms within to 7 dys nd rooting is completed within to 5 weeks).
LS 1 Report: Ornmentl Cuttings New Guine imptiens 'Cherry Red' Plnt height (cm) 8 c c Plnt height (cm) 1 9 Angeloni 'Deep Plum' c Tretment Tretment Fig. 1. The effects of LS 1 on plnt height of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Cherry Red'. [LSD =.8 cm, P<.1] Fig.. The effects of LS 1 on plnt height of Angeloni cultivr 'Deep Plum'. [LSD =. cm, P<.1] Plnt height (cm) New Guine imptiens 'Gudelope' 8 Tretment Fig.. LS 1 did not ffect plnt height of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Gudeloupe'.. Becuse of the smll root sustrte volume used per rooting cell, the dditionl cost to incorporte LS 1 into the sustrte would e miniml. With the cost of single rooted cutting rnging from $. to $., the dded cost of LS 1 my e dded to the cutting s price.. LS 1 is lso reported to promote erlier flowering. In the greenhouse industry, flowers re mndtory in order to sell the crops. Production costs re ssigned to crop on cost-per-squre-foot-of-enchre-per-week, ny production prctice, which promotes plnt growth nd erly flowering, my reduce costs for the grower. The ojective of this study ws to determine the effects of LS 1 on plnt growth of New Guine imptiens (cultivrs 'Cherry Red' nd 'Gudeloupe') nd the Angeloni cultivr 'Deep Plum'.
LS 1 Report: Ornmentl Cuttings New Guine imptiens 'Cherry Red' Angeloni 'Deep Plum' 15 Plnt dimeter (cm) 1 9 Plnt dimeter (cm) 1 8 Tretment Tretment Fig.. The effects of LS 1 on plnt dimeter of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Cherry Red'. [LSD = 1.5 cm, P<.1] Fig.. The effects of LS 1 on plnt dimeter of Angeloni cultivr 'Deep Plum'. [LSD = 1.5 cm, P<.1] Plnt dimeter (cm) New Guine imptiens 'Gudeloupe' 15 1 9 Experiment: In the experiment, Ffrd P sustrte ws used. The four sustrte tretments included: 1. An untreted control (only Ffrd P),. LS 1 incorported t the rte (volume/ volume) (v/v) of 1: into Ffrd P,. LS 1 incorported t the rte (v/v) of 1: into Ffrd P (doule the rte of tretment ), nd. LS 1 incorported t the rte (v/v) of 1:1 into Ffrd P (four times the rte of tretment ). Tretment Fig. 5. LS 1 did not effect plnt dimeter of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Gudeloupe'. Unrooted tip cuttings of New Guine imptiens cultivrs 'Cherry Red' nd 'Gudeloupe' nd Angeloni cultivr 'Deep Plum' were plced into ech of the sustrte tretments on Ferury 8. The continer size ws 1 cell pck, with four pcks eing used for ech tretment. Plnts were plced under mist until Mrch 17th (.5 weeks [17 dys]) for rooting. The plnts were evluted on April 7 (5.5 weeks [8 dys]) for plnt height
LS 1 Report: Ornmentl Cuttings Fig. 7. The effects of LS 1 on plnt growth of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Cherry Red'. Fig. 8. LS 1 did not ffect plnt growth of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Gudeloupe'. Fig. 9. The effects of LS 1 on plnt growth of the Angeloni cultivr 'Deep Plum'.
LS 1 Report: Ornmentl Cuttings Fig. 1. The effects of LS 1 on plnt growth of New Guine imptiens cultivr 'Cherry Red'. Note the compct growth of the 1: tretment, the decrese in root development s LS 1 rtes increse, nd the noticele decrese in plnt development t rtes of 1:1. Fig. 11. The effects of LS 1 on plnt growth of the Angeloni cultivr 'Deep Plum'. Note the development of xillry shoots t the 1: rte, the decrese in root development s LS 1 rtes increse, nd the noticele decrese in plnt development t rtes of 1:1. 5
LS 1 Report: Ornmentl Cuttings (mesured from the pot rim to the highest growing point) nd dimeter (mesured t the widest point nd then turned 9 o ). Root growth ws lso visully oserved, ut no quntifile mesurements were tken. Results: New Guine imptiens 'Cherry Red'. Plnt height ws gretest with LS 1 rtes t 1:, s compred to the untreted control (Figure 1). Plnt height ws shortest t 1: nd 1:1. Plnt dimeter ws similr for LS 1 rtes of 1: nd the untreted control, while plnt dimeters were smller with rtes of 1: nd 1:1 (Figure ). Overll plnt qulity ws similr for the untreted control, 1: nd 1: (Figure 7). Plnts treted with 1: were more compct nd with greter numer of side shoots eing produced, lthough dt ws not collected on either of these prmeters (Figure 1). LS 1 rtes of 1:1 resulted in stunted shoot growth. A visul comprison of roots lso shows tht s LS 1 rtes incresed ove 1:, the overll mount of root development decresed (Figure 1). This suggests tht LS 1 rtes of 1:1 re detrimentl to plnt shoot nd root development nd should e voided. New Guine imptiens 'Gudeloupe'. Plnt height nd dimeter were similr for ll LS 1 rtes nd the untreted control (Figures nd 5). Plnt qulity ws lso similr mong ll the tretments (Figure 8). Angeloni 'Deep Plum'. Plnt height decresed s LS 1 rtes incresed in the sustrte (Figure ). Plnt dimeter were similr etween the 1: plnts nd the untreted control (Figure ), while growth ws less for rtes >1:. Differences in plnt qulity were more evident with Angeloni thn with New Guine imptiens. The untreted control plnts were upright growers with little xillry shoot development (Figures 9 nd 11). Growers prefer fuller, more compct plnts, therefore this trit would not e dvntgeous. The use of LS 1 t 1: resulted in numerous side shoots (Figure 11). Rtes of 1: lso produced upright growth, while 1:1 resulted in stunted growth. A visul comprison of roots lso shows tht s LS 1 rtes incresed ove 1:, the overll mount of root development decresed (Figure 11). Results were similr s with New Guine imptiens 'Cherry Red' nd suggest tht LS 1 rtes of 1:1 re detrimentl to plnt shoot nd root development nd should e voided. Conclusions: LS 1 did ffect plnt growth, ut results vried mong cultivrs nd species. LS 1 rtes of 1: pper to promote the development of xillry shoots during plnt rooting. This trit would e dvntgeous to the propgtion industry. The detrimentl ffects on root growth would limit the use of LS 1 t rtes >1:. With the wide vrition in results experienced with LS 1, it is not fesile to mke generl rte recommendtions. There re eneficil ttriutes with the use of LS 1 t 1:, ut further screening of this product is needed to determine how it influences growth nd to determine its cost effectiveness with other species. Acknowledgments: Uniroyl Chemicl Co. for grnt support, Ffrd Co. for the root sustrte, the Scott s Co. for the fertilizer, nd Windmere Greenhouses, Lothin, Mrylnd for supplying the cuttings. LS 1 is mrketed s BioYield. Helen Chemicl Co. hs exclusive rights, ut vilility my vry. Therefore contct Don Kenney t Gustfson Chemicl Co. (97-985- 8877) to find locl Helen supplier. The use of rnd nmes nd ny mention or listing of commercil products or services in this puliction does not imply endorsement y the North Crolin Coopertive Extension Service nor discrimintion ginst similr products or services not mentioned. Individuls who use chemicls re responsile for ensuring tht the intended use complies with current regultions nd conforms to the product lel. Be sure to otin current informtion out usge nd exmine current product lel efore pplying ny chemicl.