Phoenix dactylifera L ** ﻓﻲ Shoot tip Offshoots Axillary buds ﺴﻨ ٤ ٣ MS ٣٠ 2Isopentenyl ﺌ Activated charcoal ٣ ٦٥٣ ٦٣ adenine ٥ ٥ ٥٣ I ﺴـﺒﺔ Naphthalene acetic acid ٢ ٥ ٥٩ ٣ ٠٥ ** ٣٢
اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ Phoenix dactylifera L Date Arecaceae monocotyledoneae ﺴـﻨﺔ ﻗﺒـل ٤٠٠٠ Palm ﻴ ﻴﻴ ﺔ Letouze, et al 1998 ٩٧٢ ﺘﻌ AlWasel, 2001; AlGhamidi, 1993 Organogenesis Drira, 1983 Somatic embryogenesis ﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ٢٠٠ Sudhersan, et al 1993 ﻤﻌﻘﻤﺔ ٩٩٥ ٥٠ ٩٩٢ ﺒ : ﻟـ ٢ Kn ٣٣
٣ GA3 I ٤ ٢٠٠٦ : ٢٠٠٤ : ٣ ٢ ٠ ٥ ٢ Murashige and Skoog, 1962 MS ٣٠ Sucrose ٠٧٠ Sodium hydrogen ortho phosphates ٠٠٠ Meso inositol ٠٠٤٠ Adenine sulphates ٠٠٠٠٥ ٠٠٠ ٠٠٠ ٠٢٥ ThiamineHCL Biotin Nicotine amide Activated charcoal ٢ PVP Polyvinyl pyrilodine ٧ Agar ٣٤ HCL
اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ٧: اﻟﻌﺪد ٢ : اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ٢٠٠٨ : ٢٠ ٨ ٢٥ ٠٠ ٥٧pH ٦ ٠٠٠ ± ٢٧ 0 ٢ ٢ ٢ ٠ ٥ MS ٠٠٠ 0 ٦ ± ٢٧ ٣ ٣ GA3 ٠ ٥ ٤ ٤ ٠ ٠٥ ٠ ٠ I MS ٣٥
٦ ٠٠٠ 0 ± ٢٧ ٥ ﺠﺎ ٥ Factorial experiment conductedcrd Revised least significant differences %٥ test RLSD ٠ ٣ The Completely Randomized Design CRD Revised least significant ٩٨٠ %٥ differences test RLSD ٢ ٨٩٧ ٢٢٨٦ ٩٨٨ ٢ ٣ ٨٩ ٥ ٠ ٩٧٦ ٢٢٩٨ ٣٦
٥ ٥ ٦٥٣ ٣ ٢٣٤ ٠ ٢ ٥ ﻟ a٨٩٧ b ٧٥٣ a ٦٥٣ g ٢٢٨٦ b ٩٨٨ c ٩٣٦ b ٧٦٠ f ٢٢٧٠ ٢ c ٢٢٨٠ d ٢٢٤٠ e ٢٢٦٠ h ٢٣٤٠ ٣ b ٩٧٦ a ٨٩ c ٢٢٩٨ ٠٨٧= %٥ RLSD ٢٠٣= ٣٧ RLSD ٨٦= * RLSD
٢ ٣ ٧٧٣ ٣ ٢٢٢٤ ٩٠٦ ٢٠٧٢ ٥ ٠ ٠ ﺘﺄﺜﻴ ٣ ٥ a ٧٧٣ b ٨٢٣ a٧٢٣ b ٩٧٠ c ٢٠ b ٨٣٠ ٢ c ٢٢٢٥ e ٢٢٨٣ d٢٦٦ ٣ b ٢٠٧٢ a ٩٠٦ ٠٩٢= %٥ RLSD ٢٨٤= ٣٨ RLSD ٢٢٦= RLSD
٥ ﻤ ٢ ﻴﻼ ٢ ٥ ٠ ٧٢٣ ٣ ٢٢٨٣ ٩٩ ٩٩٧ Sudhersan Jasim,2002 Murashige,1974 Bekheet and Saker,1998 Zaid,1993 and AbuElNil,2004 ٣٩
٢ ٢ ٤ ٢ ٠٠ ٧٣ ٥٩ ٩٥ ٥ ٠ ٥٠٥ ٥ ﻓﻲ ٦٣ ٢ ٥ ٢ ٤ ٠ ٥ d ٠٠ g ٠٠ g ٠٠ g ٠٠ *g ٠٠ a ٧٣ c ٧٦ a ٦٣ d ٥٣ g ٠٠ b ٥٩ c ٨٣ b ٢٠ f ٣٣ g ٠٠ ٢ c ٣٩ e ٤٣ c ٨٣ f ٣٣ g ٠٠ ٣ b ٥٠٥ a ٩٥ c ٢٩ d ٠٠ %٥ ٠٨٢= RLSD ٠٣= ٤٠ RLSD ٠٦= RLSD
٥ ٢ ٢ ٠٠ ٥٠٧ ﻓﻲ ٣٨ ٢ ٥ ٧٣ ٥ ٥ ٣ ٢٠٠ Dedifferentiation Redifferentiation Torrey1967 Promerstemoids Morphogenesis Thorpe,1978 ٤
٥ ٥ d ٠٠ g ٠٠ g ٠٠ g ٠٠ *g ٠٠ a ٥٠٨ c ٧٣ a ٣٠ g ٠٠ g ٠٠ b ٣٨٣ e ٥٣ b ٠٠ g ٠٠ g ٠٠ ٢ c ٢٦٥ f ٤٣ d ٦٣ g ٠٠ g٠٠ ٣ b ٤٢٣ a ٧٣٣ c ٠٠ c ٠٠ %٥ ٠٧٧= ٠ RLSD ٠٣= RLSD ٠= ٣ ٣ ٦ RLSD ٢ ٧٤ ٣ ٧٦ ٥ ٠٣ ٢٦ ٥ ٣ ٢ ٤٢ ٥
٢٠٠ Saker, et al 1998 ALMaarri and ALGhamidi,1997 ٢٠٠ ﻤ ﻓﻲ ٥ ٣ ٦ ٠ ٥ b c ٦٦ b٥٠٦ d٥٣ a٧٦ cd ٥٦ a ٢٦ e٣٣ a٧٤ b ٧٦ a ٦ e ٣٠ ٢ b ٦ ٠٢= a٠٢ %٥ RLSD ٢٨= ٤٣ e٣٣ c٣٢ RLSD ٠٦= ﻤ * RLSD
Elongation ٤ ٧ ٤ ٠ ﺘﻠﺘﻪ ٥ ٤ ٦٨ ٥٩ ٢ Subapical meristem ٩٩ Zaid and DeWet 2005 ٢٠٠ GA3 ٧ GA3 d ٢ %٥ c ٣٤ b ٥٩ ٥ a ٦٨ ٠ ٠٧٨= RLSD ٤٤ *
٥ ٤ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ٧: اﻟﻌﺪد ٢ : اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ٢٠٠٨ : GA3 Rooting ٥ ٥ I ٨ ٦٣٤٤ ٠٥ ٥ ٢٦٥٦ ٤٨ ٠٥ ٠ ٤٩ ٤٣ ٥٠٧٧ I ٠٥ ٤٥ ٢٦٥٦ ﻟﻜـل
٢٢ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ٠٣ ٠٥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ٣٣ ٠ ﻓﻲ I Root initials ٩٨٨ ALMaarri and ALGhamidi ٢٠٠ ﻓﻲ ٠٥ ٠ ELHammady et al, 1999 1997 ٩٨٨ ٤٦ ٠٥ ٥
٨ I ﻋ a ٣٣ c ٠٣ c ٢٦٥٦ a ٤٣ c ٠٣ c ٢٦٥٦ ٠٠ a ٣ b ٣ b ٣٩٢٣ a ٤٩ b ٣٩ b ٥٠٧٧ ٠ b ٢ a ٢٢ a ٥٠٧٧ b ٣ a ٤٨ a ٦٣٤٤ ٠٥ c ٢ c ٠٥ c ٢٦٥٦ c ٢ c ٠٧ c ٢٦٥٦ ٢٤ ٠٧ ٣٥٧٨ ٣٦ ٢٤ ٤٨٣ ٠٧٩ ٠٨٠ ٣٨٦ ٠٨٩ ٠٧٦ ٣٤٦ RLSD %٥ * ٩٨٠ * ٢ ٣ ٥ ٠٥ ٢٠٠ Phoenix dactylifera L ٣ ٢٠٠ ٤٧ ٤
٩٧٢ Phoenix ـ ـ ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ـ ـ ـ ٢٠٠ ـل ـ ﺤﻤـ dactylifera L ٩٨٠ ﻊ ﺔ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ٤٨٨ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ٩٨٨ ٩٩٧ ﺔ ﺔ ﺔ ٩٩٥ ل ﺔ ٩٩ AlGhamidi, AS 1993True to type date palm Phoenix dactylifera L production through tissue culture techniques, cv Safry3rd Symp Date Palm, KFU Saudi Arabia, Vol 1 :113 AlMaarri, KWand AlGhamdi, AS1997Micropropagation of Five Date Palm Cultivars Through in vitro Axillary Buds Proliferation DUJAgriSciVol 13 AlWasel, AS2001 Phenotypic comparison of tissue culture derived and conventionally propagated by offshoots date palm Phoenix dactylifera LCV Barhee Trees 1Vegetative characteristics J KSU Agric Sci13 1 6573 Bekheet,SAand Saker,MM1998Direct and indirect shoot proliferation from shoottip explants ofphoenix dactylifera L cv ZaghloolIn Vitro propagation of Egyption Date Palm Drira,N1983Multiplication vegetative du palmier dattierphoenix dactylifera L par La Culture in vitro de bomgeons axillaries de femilles queen deivent CR A ead Nel Paris 296:101082 ٤٨
ElHammady, A M; Wanas, W H; AbuRawash, M and Awad, A A1999 Regeneration of date palm sewy cv plantlets by somatic embryogenesis through callus with reference to the genetic stability in :prothe Int Conf Date Palm,Nov1999Assiut UnivEgypt:117131 Jasim, AM 2002Budding of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L cv,barhi in vitro Basrah Date Palm J21&2: 18 Letouze, R; Daguin, F; Satour, P; Hamama, Land Marionate, F1998 Somatic embryogenesis and mass micropropagation of date palm characterization and genetic stability of regenrated plantles by RAPD markers In: 1st InterConf Date Palms, Mar, 1998, AlAin, UAE:158167 Murashige,T1974Plant propagation through tissur culture AnnRevPlant Physiol25:135166 Murashige,Tand Skoog,F1962 A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures Plant Physiol 15:473497 Saker, M M;Moursy,HAand Bekheet, SA1998in vitro propagation of Egyptian date palm morphogenic responses of immature embryos Bull Fac Agric Univ Cairo, 49:203214 Sudhersan, C;Abu ElNil,MM and AlBaize, A1993 Occurrencence of direct somatic embryogenesis on the sword leaf in in vitro plantlets of Phoenix dactylifera Lcv Barhee Current science 65:887888 Sudhersan, Cand Abu ElNil,MM2004Axillary shoot production in micropagated date palmphoenix dactylifera L Current science866 Thorpe,TA1978Physiological and biochemical aspects of organogenesis in vitro In:Thorpe,TAedFrontiers of plant tissue culture UnivCalgary,Alberta,Canada 4958 Torrey,JG1967Development in flowering plant The Macmillan Company,NewYorkpp 112134 Zaid,A 1993Review of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L Tissue Culture In: 2nd Sympon date palm March, 1993KFU Saudi Arabia, 6775 Zaid,A and De Wet,PF 2005Date palm propagation date production support programmefao corporate document repository ٤٩
Effect of plant growth regulators on adventitious buds formation from date palm callus Phoenix dactylifera LcvBarhee in vitro AqilASaheem AbbasMJasim MuaedFAbbas Date Palm research centre Collage of Agriculture University of Basrah Summary The present work was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators on the formation of adventitious buds on the callus of the date palm cvbarhee A primary callus was used,which was obtained by culturing the apical and axillary buds of Barhee offshoots The explants were placed on solid basal MSmedium with activated charcoal and supplemented with the auxin at 30mg litre1and the cytokinin 2ipat 3mg litre1the nutrient media were determined, for each proliferation stage, starting with the establishment of culture,till the stage of plantlet regeneration from the adventitious buds The effect of various combinations of auxins and cytokinins were tested The Results can be summarized as follows:1 Results emphasized the vital role of plant growth regulators in the induction of adventitious buds formation the callus The combination at 1 mg litre1 and the cytokinin 2ip and at 5 mg litre 1caused the formation of adventitious buds within 1656 day, and buds number was 136 The same combination also gave the highest number of proliferated adventitious buds 153 buds 2 Results showed that it s at paramount importance for the presence of elongation of shoots derived from adventitious buds, which required the addition of GA3 to the culture media at low concentrations GA3 at a concentration of 5 mg litre1 gave vigorous shoots,with an average height of 59cm The addition of adenine sulphate at concentration of 70 mg litre1 also produced good and vigorous shoots,in addition to the use of sucrose at 50g litre1 3 Results showed, the importance of the auxin, in the stimulation of rooting of shoots that produced from adventitious buds, with the height, number of roots 48 and length were obtained with concentration of 05 mg litre1, as compared with the same concentration of I ٥٠