N Deuts<her Akademischer Austauschdienst 6erman Academic Exchange Service PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP Tropical Bio-resources for Sustainable Development 'The Role of lnnovation to Enhance German Alumni in Scientific and Professional Capacities" tdilorc: Syarifah lis Aisyah Nandi Kosmaryandi Anuraga Jayanegara Ronald F. Kuehne
Growth Response of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) on MS Medium with Gandasil and Growmore In Vitro Abstract Faridatul Mukminah 1,*, Busroni Asnawi 1, Tetra Tri Novi 1 1 Department of Agrotecnology, Tridinanti University Palembang, Palembang, 30139, Indonesia * Corresponding author: faridatulmukminah@gmail.com This study aims to find appropriate media formulations for growing dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) in vitro. The experiment was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tridinanti Palembang from December 2013 to March 2014. The study design used was experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD), which there were 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) replicates as follows: H1 = MS (Without Gandasil and Growmore); H2 = MS + 2 g of Gandasil; H3 = MS + 2 g of Growmore; H4 = MS + 1 g of Growmore + 1 g of Gandasil; H5 = MS + 2 g of Growmore + 2 g of Gandasil. Each treatment had 10 (ten) bottles. Observation parameters were: time explants growing, number of roots, root length, and fresh weight of plantlets. The results showed that treatment H4 = MS + 1 g of Growmore + 1 g of Gandasil can spur the growth of dragon fruit planlets better and show the best results on the all of parameters were investigated. Keywords: dragon fruit, in vitro, gandasil, growmore 1. Introduction Dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) is also widely known as pitaya is a cactus type plant that originally came from Mexico, Central America. It is taken to Indonesia, China and Vietnam by the French around 1970, from Guyana South America, as an ornamental plant because the figure is unique and has a beautiful flower, white and red fruit shiny and finned (Emil, 2011). Propagation of dragon fruit with tissue culture techniques will work well if the conditions required are fulfilled. Such techniques include the selection of explants as planting material, the use of a suitable medium, aseptic conditions, and good temperature regulation. A number of reports have shown that every genotypes (varieties) require specific media composition to support optimal growth of explants (Basri, 2004). In propagation through tissue culture, the culture medium is one that determines the success in producing plantlets. So far, the media used, among others, Knudson (for development), MS (Murashige and Skoog), NP (New Phalaenopsis), and VW (Vacin and Went). The medium was made by mixing several chemicals with concentrations that have been determined, the use of these media can still be simplified through the use of compound fertilizers and organic matter complexes, to substitute the nutrients can be used Gandasil or compound fertilizers such as Growmore (Yusnita, 2003). 122
2. Research Objectives and Purpose This study aims to find appropriate media formulations to nursery dragon fruit in vitro. This reserach is expected to be useful for the improvement of dragon fruit propagation through tissue culture (in vitro), especially in the provision of dragon fruit plants for the large-scale farmers and entrepreneurs. 3. Materials and Methods This research has been carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Agro-technology Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Tridinanti University Palembang from December 2013 to March 2014. The materials used were dragon fruit seeds (Hylocereus costaricensis), Gandasil, Growmore, to, white sugar, 70% alcohol, betadine, baycline solution (Sodium hypoklorit), formalin, spirits, sterile distilled water, detergents and other substances in a laboratory culture tissue. The experimental method was completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 (five) treatment and 5 (five) replicates. Each treatment consisted of 10 samples of the culture bottles that required as many as 250 bottles of culture. The treatment in this study was designed as follows: 1 H1 = MS (Without Gandasil and Growmore) 2 H2 = MS + 2 g of Gandasil D 3 H3 = MS + 2 g of Growmore 4. H4 = MS + 1 g of Gandasil D + 1 g of Growmore 5. H5 = MS + 2 g of Gandasil D + 2 g of Growmore Parameters observed in this study include: Time of explant growth, number of roots, length of roots and fresh weight. 4. Results and Discussion 4.1 Result The result of Analysis of variance of the treatments showed highly significant on the parameters: time of explant growth; root lenght; and fresh weight, but not significantly affected on the parameter number of roots. 4.1.1 Time of explant growth (days after planting) Parameter observations were started when the shoots have started to emerge, followed by elongation of shoots, stems and leaf formation. Treatment H4 (MS + 1 g of Growmore + 1 g of Gandasil) affected significant on the time of formation of plantlets namely 6.13 days after planting (fastest) (Table 4.1.1). 4.1.2. Root number Parameter root number was observed at the end of the study. The results of variance analysis showed that the treatment effect was not significant on the number of roots. Treatment H5 (MS + 123
2 g of Growmore + 2 g of Gandasil) was able to deliver results with the highest value namely 4.09 and H1 treatment (MS without Gandasil and growmore) returns the smallest namely 3.60. Table 4.1.1: Results of the 0.05 LSD Treatment on Parameter Time of Explant Growth (days after planting/dap) Treatments Average (dap) LSD 0.05 = 0,75 H4 6,13 a H5 6,53 a H2 6,93 b H3 7,07 b H1 8,07 c Remarks: The figures are followed by the same letter are not significant different states based on LSD test at 5% level. 4.1.3. Root Leght Parameter observations of root length at the end of the study. The results of variance analysis showed that treatment of very significant effect on root length. Treatment H4 (MS + 1 g Growmore + 1g Gandasil) resulted in the highest root length of 2.35 cm, the treatment was significantly different from H1, H3 but not significant with the H2 and H5 (Table 4.1.3.). Table 4.1.3. Result of the 0.05 LSD on the Parameter Length of Root (cm) Treatments Average (cm) LSD 0.05 = 0,33 H1 1,47 a H3 1,67 a H2 2,02 b H5 2,15 b H4 2,35 b Remarks: The figures are followed by the same letter are not significant different states based on LSD test at 5% level. 4.1.4. Fresh Weight (gram) Fresh weight was observed at the end of the study. The results of variance analysis showed that the treatments affected significantly on fresh weight. Treatment H4 (MS + 1 g Growmore + 1 g Gandasil) produce fresh weight of plantlets heavier namely 3.53 g, is significantly different treatment to other treatments (Table 4.1.4). Table 4.1.4. Result of the 0.05 LSD on Treatment Results on Parameter Weight Fresh plantlets Treatments Average (g) LSD 0.05 = 0,31 H1 1,84 a H3 2,43 b H5 2,92 c H2 2,95 c H4 3,53 d 124
Remarks: The figures are followed by the same letter are not significant different states based on LSD test at 5% level. 4.2. Discussion From tables 4.1.1-4.1.3. we can see that the combined treatment of H4 gave the significant effect on some growth parameters were observed namely the time of explant growth; root length and weight of plantlets. It is expected that addition of Gandasil and growmore to the culture medium will accelerate the growth of the planlets, because growth driven by Gandasil and growmore includes cell division and enlargement faster. The high percentage of planlets growth formation on H4 treatment (MS + 1g Growmore + 1g Gandasil) is probably caused Gandasil and growmore contains macro and micro nutrients. Macro nutrients contained in Gandasil and growmore ie Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium and Sulfur (Linga and Marsono, 2004). The concentration of total nitrogen in H4 that is as much as 52%, The concentration of nitrogen in the media Gandasil and growmore only half of the total nitrogen in H5 media, but suspected this concentration could stimulate the growth of explants. In the vegetative phase plants need nitrogen, since nitrogen is used for the growth of cells, tissues and organs of plants. This is in accordance with the opinion of Afriani (2006). Based on the observation parameters in Table 4.1.3 and Table 4.1.4 shows that treatment of H4 resulted in the highest root length namely 2.35 cm and the best plantlet fresh weight namely 3.53 g. It is probably caused in H4 medium containing macro and micro nutrients, glucose, vitamins and amino acids for proper growth of root length and fresh weight of plantlets, in addition to the calcium content and the type of nitrogen also affects the growth of root length and fresh weight of plantlets. it is appropriate with the opinion of Afriani (2006) and Nurheldi (2006) that nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO3 - ) is better for growth of explants. Gandasil and Growmore fertilizer containing 52% of total nitrogen and 20% of them is in the nitrate form. Besides in the form of nitrate, fertilizer and Gandasil and Growmore containing nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4 + ) namely 32% of the total N. Calcium plays a role in cell growth of plants, but it also plays a role in calcium to strengthen, organize penetrating power, and take care of the cell wall. Calcium also plays a role in the formation of roots, especially on the growing point of the root (Alamsyah, 2004). According to Kishi and Tagaki (1997), nitrogen in the form of ammonium is also needed in the growth of the explants, and the availability of other nutrients in the medium with addition of fertilizer like Gandasil and Growmore can spur the growth of root length and fresh weight of plantlets. 5. Conclussion Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that, treatment H4 = MS + 1 g of Growmore + 1 g of Gandasil can spur the growth of dragon fruit planlets better and show the best results on the all of parameters were investigated. 125
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