ECO-TOWNS Will they be Eco-? Can they become Towns? Professor Sir Peter Hall Lecture Series What is Land For? Birkbeck College Friday 14 November 2008
The Challenge: (1) Climate Change
The Challenge: (2) Housing Need: Kate Barker 2004 Need for massive increase in housing completions Will need brownfield + greenfield Political attack by shires unholy alliance with cities
Sustainable Communities 2003: Four Growth Areas
Growth Corridors, Growth Points and Eco- Towns
Eco-Towns: CLG Objectives (i) places with a separate and distinct identity but good links to surrounding towns and cities in terms of jobs, transport and services; (ii) the development as a whole to achieve zero carbon and to be an exemplar in at least one area of environment technology; (iii) a good range of facilities within the town including a secondary school, shopping, business space and leisure; (iv) between 30 and 50 per cent affordable housing with a good mix of tenures and size of homes in mixed communities; and (v) a delivery organisation to manage the town and its development and provide support for people, businesses and community services.
Model: BEDZED, Beddington, London UK s largest eco-village Opened March 2002 BioRegional/ Peabody Trust/ Bill Dunster Associates 100 homes, community facilities and workspace for 100 people Heating requirements: ca 10% typical home 60% recycling aim Target fossil fuel car miles: 50% national average Hackbridge Station 5 mins Car Club Local facilities: football pitch, club house, dance studio, nursery, multi-use centre village square, recycling bins, home food delivery and allotments CHP???
Model: Northstowe, Cambridgeshire 9,500 homes on former RAF site 5m NW of Cambridge; 100m Guided Bus EP + Gallagher /Cambridgeshire Horizons Start early 2009 Secondary school, six primary schools, civic hub: community health and cultural facilities Local business district: 5,000 jobs Leisure facilities; small town shopping Aim: up to 50 per cent reductions in energy and mains water use, through: Microgeneration, photovoltaic panels; Solar water heating (can supply up to 50 per cent hot water); and Design for reduced energy and water use
UK Eco-Town: Marston Vale Marston Vale Eco-Town
UK Eco-Town: Hanley Grange
UK Eco-Town: Middle Quinton
UK Eco-Town: Pennbury-Stoughton
UK Eco-Town: Rossington
Eco-Towns Sustainability
Eco-Towns: Sustainability
Eco-Towns: Back to Howard s Vision?
Social City: Towns against a Background of Open Country
Models from Mainland Europe: Freiburg
Freiburg: Vauban
Vauban: Principles Balance: working and living areas, social groups Small lots; preference to private builders and co-ops Conservation of trees, biotopes of bordering creek Priority: pedestrians, cyclists, public transport; privileges to car-free living Co-generation plant and short-distance heating system All buildings: improved low energy standard (65 kwh/m2a) now standard in whole Germany, but 6 years earlier Passive house standard (15 kwh/m2 a) in special areas Extensive use of ecological building material and solar energy Infiltration of rainwater into ground, ecological sanitation District Centre: shops for daily needs; Neighbourhood Centre Primary school and kindergardens Public green spaces, designed with local residents Diverse building forms; family- and children-friendly
Vauban
Vauban ctd.
Vauban ctd.
Vauban ctd.
Freiburg: Rieselfeld
Rieselfeld, ctd.
Rieselfeld, ctd.
Sustainable Urbanism: Stockholm, Hammarby Sjöstad
Sustainable Urbanism: Stockholm, Hammarby Sjöstad
Models from Mainland Europe: Malmö, Västra Hamnen
UK: Growth Areas, Growth Constraints
Good Practice Examples: The Hamptons, Upton, Ingress Park
Thames Gateway: Eastern Quarry to Ebbsfleet Valley
Kent Thamesside: Ebbsfleet Valley, Fastrack
Clusters: Central Lancs 1970, Hall/ Ward 1998, SCs 2003, Cambs 2007
Summing Up: Final Questions Objectives/Standards? Costs: who pays? Agency: public/ private? combination? Location: Garden Cities v. Urban Extensions?