Connecting the DOTs: Nationwide Trends in the Inventory, Evaluation, and Management of Historic Roads In 2013-2014 Mead & Hunt, Inc. surveyed state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) on how they address historic roads. Out of this survey, an annotated bibliography was compiled of national and state-specific resources on identifying, evaluating, and preserving historic roads across the United States. This document will be periodically updated with new resources to see updates visit http://bit.ly/roads-bibliography. If you have any resource you would like us to add, please email cultural.resources@meadhunt.com September 2014 Name Historicroads.org; managed by Paul Daniel Marriot & Associates, Historic and Scenic Road Preservation Planners, Washington D.C. http://www.historicroads.org/index.htm The Preservation Office Guide to Historic Roads, Clarifying Preservation Goals for State Historic Preservation Offices, Establishing Preservation Expectations for State Transportation Departments, Paul Daniel Marriott, Washington, D.C. http://www.historicroads.org/documents/guide.pdf NCHRP Document 189: Design and Management of Historic Roads http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_w189.pdf Landscape Lines: Historic Roads, prepared by Timothy Davis, Lead Historian, National Park Service, Park Historic Structures and Cultural Landscapes Program http://www.nps.gov/cultural_landscapes/documents/landscape_lines_16.pdf National Context and Management Summary Dedicated to the identification, preservation, and management of historic roads. The site contains resources for identifying, evaluating, and managing historic roads across the United States. Provides a national context and evaluation method for historic roads across the country, and also defines what historic roads are, and what the national preservation and transportation policy is in regards to their maintenance. Provides guidance and strategies for including historic roads in initial Section 106 survey work, and how to use the flexibility in the current polices and standards to address historic roads in project areas in practical and creative ways. Provides a brief history of road building in the national parks, and also provides guidance to assist in the identification, inventory, evaluation, and treatment of historic park road resources. Page 1
Name Building the American Highway System, Engineers as Policy Makers. Bruce E. Seely, Temple University Press: Philadelphia, 1987 National Context and Management Summary Provides a national historic context of the development of roads, highways, and Interstates across the country, starting with the Good Roads Movement up to the modern Interstate system. Includes: Good Roads Movement, 1890 1905 The Progressives Creation of a National Highway System and Golden Age of Highway Building, 1916 1936 Highway research and cooperatives 1918 1940 From rural to urban roads, 1936 1956 Post-war Interstate Highways 1945 1956 State Contexts and Histories AZ AR Good Roads Everywhere: A History of Road Building in Arizona, Arizona Department of Transportation, Environmental Planning Group, Melissa Keane and J. Simon Bruder, March 2004 http://www.azdot.gov/docs/defaultsource/planning/cultural_good_roads_everywhere.pdf?sfv rsn=2 Arkansas Highway History and Architecture, 1910-1965, Arkansas Historic Preservation Program, Christie McLaren, 1999 http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/pdf/publications/hig hway.pdf 1776-1956 1910-1965 Provides a historic context for the development of roads, highways, and Interstates in Arizona. Includes: Preservation laws and Arizona transportation Politics and funding of American road building, 1776-1956 Technology of American road building, 1776 1956 Building roads in Arizona, 1846 1956 Also provides five case studies for evaluating significance and integrity for roads in Arizona. Provides history and context for paved roads in Arkansas. Provides a historic context for the development of the state highway system and roadside resources within the state. Inlcudes: Early roads and the Good Roads Movement Dollarway Road and use of early reinforced concrete Arkansas Highway Commission and Road Improvement District Arkansas Highway Department and National Interstate Highway System Roadside resources such as gas stations, motels, and auto showrooms Page 2
State Contexts and Histories CO IA MN NE Highways to the Sky: A Context and History of Colorado s Highway System, prepared by Associated Cultural Resource Experts http://www.coloradodot.info/programs/environmental/arch aeology-and-history/highways-to-thesky/highwaystothesky.pdf/view Iowa s Historic Automobile Roads: A National Register Study of Pre-1948 Arterial Highways, prepared by Marlin R. Ingalls http://publications.iowa.gov/9417/ Evaluation Report and Historic Context: Minnesota Bridges, 1955-1970 (including Trunk Highway Evaluations); prepared by Mead & Hunt, Inc., July 2013 http://www.nebraskahistory.org/histpres/historic_highway_ book-web.pdf Nebraska Historic Highway Survey; prepared by Mead & Hunt, Inc. and Heritage Research, Ltd, August 2002 Pre-history to 2000 1904-1948 1955-1970 c.1895 1960s Provides historic and engineering context for Colorado state highways. Undertaken in order to provide guidance on evaluating roads for the National Register. Includes: Early trails Territorial roads Automobile roads Great Depression and World War II Interstate system Provides context for Iowa s roads as well as materials and bridge design. Undertaken in order to locate prospective study routes in Iowa and devise methods to identify, outline and define criteria for evaluation of roads for National Register eligibility. Comprehensive context for: Federal Road Act of 1916 Iowa State Highway Commission 1904-1912 Iowa Highways General Development 1900-1920 Primary roads in the 1930s Primary roads in the 1940s Although primarily a context for post-1955 bridges, the study also provides a context for the design and construction of postwar trunk highway construction through the state. Context includes: World War II and its impact (1941-c.1950) Road and bridge building begin (1956-1970) Improving the State Trunk Highway system The Interstate Highway system A comprehensive study and context of the highway system in Nebraska. The study also includes contexts for six historic highways that ran through the state. Context includes: Highway development in Nebraska The Detroit-Lincoln-Denver Highway The Lincoln Highway The Meridian Highway The Potash Highway U.S. Highway 20 Interstate 80 Page 3
State Contexts and Histories NJ NM VA New Jersey Historic Roadway Study, prepared for the New Jersey Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and New Jersey Historic Preservation Office by KSK Architects, Planners http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/publicat/historicroad waystudy.pdf New Mexico Department of Transportation Cultural Resource Technical Series 2004-1: Historic Highways in the NMDOT System prepared by Laurel T. Wallace, 2004 http://dot.state.nm.us/content/dam/nmdot/infrastructure/e DS/2004-1.pdf Final Report: Identification and Application of Criteria for Determining National Register Eligibility for Roads in Virginia, prepared for Virginia Transportation Research Council, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, by Ann B. Miller, Senior Research Scientist http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/03- r10.pdf c.1621-.1947 c.1900-1959 17 th century mid-20 th century Comprehensive context for the four periods of road construction in New Jersey: Early roads (c.1621-1815) Internal improvements (c.1790-1889) Good Roads (c.1870 c.1917) Highways (c.1891 0 c.1947) Includes general considerations to supplement National Register Criteria and guidance on the assessment of state significance, as well as case studies. Study of New Mexico s state highway system and roads that are still in use. Study was to provide guidance in identifying and recording remaining historic highways. Includes a historic context for highways, methodology for determining potentially eligible resources, and examples of past projects. Context includes: Territorial roads 1912 to 1919 1920 to 1929 1930 to 1929 1940 to 1949 1950 to 1959 Report to identify standards for historical documentation and for the identification of objective criteria for determining historic significance. Includes a general context, procedures for evaluating resources and several case studies Page 4
State Contexts and Histories WA Washington State s Historic State Roads, Historic Context for Island, Snohomish, King, Pierce, and Kitsap Counties, prepared by Artifacts Architectural Consulting, Inc.in partnership with the SRI Foundation, January 2014 http://www.dahp.wa.gov/sites/default/files/roads%20histo ric%20context.pdf 1850s 1965 Comprehensive context for five counties in Washington, including identifying resources in the area and providing recommendations on the management of the significant roads. Includes: Territorial roads, 1848-1888 Early statehood, 1889-1910 Highway construction, 1911-1930 Depression and war years, 1931-1950 Beginnings of the Interstate system, 1951-1960 Consolidation, 1971-1980 Page 5
Multiple Property Documents Nationwide CO National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form, Historic Properties Associated with U.S. Highway 66, from Chicago to Santa Monica, 1926 to 1985; prepared by Michael Cassity, Thompson and Associates, and National Park Staff, 2011 http://www.nps.gov/history/rt66/histsig/national MPDF.pdf National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form, Colorado State Roads and Highways, Robert Autobee and Deborah Dobson-Brown, 2003 http://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/f iles/oahp/crforms_edumat/pdfs/645.pdf 1926-1974 Prehistory 2000 Route 66 is one of the most significant transportation corridors in American history. The historic route ran through several states. This Multiple Property Documentation Form provides a national context for the road, as well as associated property types, including characterdefining features and integrity. Additional Multiple Property Documentation Forms exist for the other states the road traversed. Each has its own state context and associated property types. All are available online. Arizona California Illinois Kansas Missouri Oklahoma New Mexico Texas Provides historic and engineering context on the historical development of the Colorado state road and highway system and the State Highway Department. Includes: Early tails and wagon roads in Colorado, prehistory-1860 Territorial and pre-automobile state roads, 1861-1890 Automobile age begins, 1890-1930 Depression to World War II, 1930-1945 Postwar and Interstate era, 1945-1963 Completion and augmentation of State Highway system, 1973-2000 Application of the National Register for associated property types, including character-defining features, register requirements, and integrity: Cultural state roads and highways Engineered state roads and highways Farm-to-market roads Limited access, multiple-lane, divided highway/freeway Highway bypass Aesthetic state roads and highways Page 6
Multiple Property Documents This Multiple Property Documentation Form provides the contextual basis to identify properties associated with the Meridian Highway in Nebraska and guidance on evaluating historic significance and assessing integrity. Includes: Early state roads legislation Federal funding for Nebraska s highway construction Road development through the Depression and World War II Post-World War II road developments in Nebraska History of the Meridian Highway in Nebraska NE National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form, Historic and Architectural Resources of the Meridian Highway in Nebraska, Mead & Hunt, Inc. and L. Robert Puschendorf, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, November 2006 http://www.nebraskahistory.org/histpres/nebrask a/mpd/resourcesmeridianhwyne.pdf 1911-1960 Application of the National Register for associated property types, including character-defining features and integrity: Gas and service stations Automobile agencies, garages, and dealerships The automobile row and commercial strip Commercial districts Truck transports and associated sites Markers, signing, and monuments Campgrounds, tourist parks, and comfort stations Wayside areas and parks Boarding houses, hotels, cabin camps, and motels Roadhouses and rural crossroads stores Restaurants, food stands, diners, and drive-ins Man-made landscape features Natural landscape features and views sheds Bridges and culverts Roadways Page 7
Multiple Property Documents This Multiple Property Documentation Form provides the contextual basis to identify properties associated with the Lincoln Highway in Nebraska and guidance on evaluating historic significance and assessing integrity. Includes: Early state roads legislation Federal funding for Nebraska s highway construction Road development through the Depression and World War II Post-World War II road developments in Nebraska History of the Lincoln Highway in Nebraska NE Multiple Property Documentation Form, Historic and Architectural Resources of the Lincoln Highway in Nebraska; prepared by Mead & Hunt, Inc. and L. Robert Puschendorf, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, January 2007 : http://www.nebraskahistory.org/histpres/nebrask a/mpd/resourceslincolnhwyne.pdf 1913-1974 Application of the National Register for associated property types, including character-defining features and integrity: Gas and service stations Automobile agencies, garages, and dealerships The automobile row and commercial strip Commercial districts Truck transports and associated sites Markers, signing, and monuments Campgrounds, tourist parks, and comfort stations Wayside areas and parks Boarding houses, hotels, cabin camps, and motels Roadhouses and rural crossroads stores Restaurants, food stands, diners, and drive-ins Man-made landscape features Natural landscape features and views sheds Bridges and culverts Roadways Page 8
Name and State Management Documents Montana: Programmatic Agreement between FHWA, MTDOT, MT SHPO, and Advisory Council Regarding Historic Roads and Bridges : http://environment.transportation.org/pal_database/agreement_details.aspx?pal_id=98 Alaska: Programmatic Agreement between FHWA, AKDOT, AK SHPO, and Advisory Council Regarding Alaska s Highway System Roads affected by the Federal-Aid Highway Program in Alaska (Two amendments have been added to the original agreement in 2010 and 2012) http://www.achp.gov/docs/ak.fhwa.statewide%20historic%20roads.pa.17feb10.pdf New Jersey Historic Roadway Design Guidelines, prepared for the New Jersey Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and New Jersey Historic Preservation Office by KSK Architects, Planners http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/publicat/historicroadwaydesignguidelines.pdf Summary Provides a streamline process for the Section 106 process in regards to historic bridges and historic roads that are identified during the process. Provides an alternative and streamlined process and established a threshold for undertakings with minimal or low potential to affect characteristics that may make a road eligible for the National Register. Building off the New Jersey Historic Roadway Study, the Design Guidelines offer recommendations to avoid or minimize adverse effects on significant historic roadway. Case studies are included. Page 9