Open Vertical Housing at Airport City Kulonprogo D.I Yogyakarta Indonesia

UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress P- 0699 Open Vertical Housing at Airport City Kulonprogo D.I Yogyakarta Indonesia Wuri Hamumpuni * 1, Alif Angga Risky 2 and Syarifah I. A., S.T., M.T.. 3 1 Students, Department of Architecture, A University, Islamic of Indonesian, Indonesia 2 Students, Department of Architecture, A University, Islamic of Indonesian, Indonesia 3 Lecturer, Department of Architecture, A University, Islamic of Indonesian, Indonesia Abstract Yogyakarta Special Region is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has diverse cultures, tourism, and education. The government is currently undertaking the construction of an international airport located in Kecamatan Glagah, Kulonprogo, D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia as an integrated transportation facility. In the master plan of Kulon Progo Airport, there is a development of the urban area of the airport and the people affected by evictions will be relocated to vertical housing. Adaptation to the environment between humans and the natural environment can give birth to a new social structure called social interaction. The research method used is analytical descriptive because it describes the state of social interaction in horizontal settlement which is then analyzed and adapted in vertical housing building while the design method used is Open Design, because the idea of designing the environment is a product that keeps running with the design process that never ends up such environmental changes as part of the design, such as function, spatial dimension, circulation, infrastructure installation, and thermal comfort. The purpose of this research is to produce vertical housing design principles that can accommodate horizontal social interaction and know the characteristics of social interaction on the horizontal housing in the area of City City Kulonprogo. To create commercial activities in this building, it will be integrated with local site characters such as wetland paddies and forests that will be processed into high value products. Thus, people do not lose their livelihood because most of the people are farmers. Keywords: Social Interaction; Vertical Housing; Open Design 1. Introduction Yogyakarta Special Region is a strategic province in terms of meetings, industry, economy and trade. This causes a blast in the case of transportation until the capacity of the airport can not accommodate anymore. Thus, the planned construction of a new airport in Temon District, Kuolonprogo District. However, the development raises the pros and cons because it involves the impact of evictions for the people that are there. Site selection is based on the characteristics of the suitable Kulonprogo region using the MICE scheme (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition). The airport construction area is located in the southern * Contact Author: Wuri Hamumpuni, students, Department of Architecture, A University, Islamic of Indonesian. Tel: +62813 8055 1313 e-mail: whamumpuni@gmail.com UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 1

part of Temon Sub-district, the land use of the area mostly consists of rice fields, and the rest are residential areas, commercial areas, public facilities, and forest areas that are integrated with the settlements. The airport is named Nyi Ageng Serang, with a land area of 637 ha, located in Temon District between The Congot beach and Kulonprogo Glagah beach. This airport is more or less involving 479 houses that must be relocated. Villagers affected by the relocation are Glagah and Jangkaran villages, while the affected villages are Kalidengen, Palinan and Sindutan villages, as the three villages are adjacent to the airport construction site. Based on the masterplan of the construction of The Airport Kulonprogo will also planned airport city as the development of the area around the airport bordering the provincial road (north), settlement (east & west), daendels artery road (south). Fig.1. Location of the new international airport development D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia. People affected by this development will be relocated to the airport city. In the area masterplan there is a vertical housing zone as a residential area that is integrated with local site characters such as wetland and forest fields. Vertical housing is considered effective in addressing this issue due to its high density in limited land resulting from infrastructure development and shifting of residential land functions. Movement of cultural social interaction from horizontal to vertical settlement need adaptation from its inhabitants. This is because there are differences in behavior when living in a horizontal settlement. In the design of vertical housing should pay attention to psychological and behavior significant in horizontal residential environment, so as to minimize failure of adaptation process of occupant caused by inconvenience of vertical living culture. This research uses descriptive analytic method which describes the condition of social interaction of horizontal settlement which then analyzed and adapted in vertical housing building. The design is done by open design method which in this research and design aims to produce vertical housing design principles that can accommodate horizontal social interaction and know the characteristics of social interaction on the horizontal housing in the area of City City Kulonprogo. It is embodied in flexible planning modules that can create a variety of modules that can present horizontal interactions in vertical buildings. The planning of the bulkhead module is based on previous land ownership and module position can also be selected to fit the existing location in the horizontal settlement. 2. Search Issues One of the functions of architecture is a design that can be used as a form of behavior. One important aspect of the psychological horizontal settlement is the establishment of a territorial zone (Ananto, 2015). Teritoriality in the usual horizontal settlement is formed in the space that allows the occurrence of social interaction such as public facilities for citizens. Social interaction occurs in a flexible public space that can disguise the boundaries of land in every home. In the search of this issue, there will be some discussion related to social inettraction, vertical housing and open design. Social interaction is a dynamic social relationship involving the relationship between people and individuals, between groups and groups of people, or between individuals and groups of people (Soekanto, 2002). In horizontally settled behavior, these three types of interactions can appear in the public space. Behavior 2 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress

between people and individuals usually happens spontaneously when the two know each other. Then behavior between groups and groups occurs in formal discussions and behavior between individuals and groups occurs when the community has an interest and pass it on to a particular group. Various activities in the horizontal settlement occurs based on social interactions such as talking with neighbors, children who play, to selling and shopping. Vertical Housing is formed due to the change of culture from horizontal to vertical settlement which require adaptation process with reference to architectural design, the reference is in the form of territoriality in vertical settlement which serve as one way to eliminate the alienation of the residents of horizontal settlement to the habitable culture in the vertical settlement (Ananto, 2015). Territorials that form in horizontal settlement based on social interaction activities in public spaces make their own routines, so that the routine makes the public space transformed into an individualized personal space in a group. Open design is a sustainable designing idea, as is the environment as a product that goes on with a never-ending design process until the environment changes as part of the design, in the form of function, spatial dimension, circulation, infrastructure installation, and thermal comfort (Husna, 2014 ). The environment around a design becomes important in this method. The principle of this design is to pay attention to the target occupants, activities and environment. These three principles must relate to one another so that the inhabitants will successfully adapt in the formation of behavior. Based on the issue of the relocation of the affected communities from the construction of the new international airport D.I Yogyakarta towards vertical housing, there are several discussions related to social interaction that must be adapted from the horizontal settlement to the vertical settlement. Then, the principle of vertical housing design that can accommodate the activities of social interaction is representative based on public space in the horizontal settlement. And the principle of open design that can provide the arrangement of occupancy in accordance with horizontal housing arrangement conditions and flexible space modules so that residents get the area according to the area of land in the horizontal settlement. The location of the vertical housing design is in the master plan of airport city, the masterplan is planning the development of productive area around the airport development. Fig.2. Masterplan airport city bandara internasional baru D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 3

3. Solving Problems Fig.3. Problem Solving Diagram Social interaction that formed in the life of society in Indonesia dominant happened horizontally. The benchmark used is the activity, spatial and work in which these three categories have very high relevance. In the settlement of Kulonprogo airport city there are some dominant activities in forming social interaction horizontally ie activity chatting, buying and selling, sunning and parking of vehicles. Public spaces used to accommodate such activities as roads and residents' yard. The area becomes comfortable to interact because there is no real administrative boundary of ownership, even the interaction sometimes moves in turns from the home page of one citizen to another. This will serve as the basis for the development of a design that maintains horizontal social interaction on vertical settlement in vertical housing land in the area of Kota Kulonprogo Airport Indonesia. Based on the study of BONDY's vertical housing precedent in Paris, it yields a benchmark that site context, interaction with neighbors and equitable facilities for each unit is a matter of concern. Then from a vertical housing precedent study with an open design concept involving the community at Parkview Terrace in San Francisco resulted in the need for an open retail to maintain low rental rates and provide space for potentially growing communities. So based on the problem-solving diagram get the results of three principles in designing Open Vertical Housing at Airport City Kulonprogo namely: 1. Provide social interaction space in each unit either through the existence of a terrace, balcony or other public space that is facilitated fairly. 2. Provide employment opportunities for potentially growing communities, farming communities and fair trade. 3. Building masses tailored to site context, providing open retail for communities or facilities that will thrive and keep rental rates stable. The emergence of the idea of vertical housing based on settlements affected by evictions from the construction of new airport D.I Yogyakarta, Kulonrpogo, Indonesia. The displaced settlements will be relocated to an integrated airport city with local potential. In accommodating social inettraction activities in horizontal settlements on roads and yard, will be realized in the design of open corridors with 100% natural 4 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress

lighting quantity in the morning to late afternoon. The corridor has properties such as roads in the horizontal settlement as the accessibility of daily activities and connections between one dwelling with another. In the corridor will be given a seat that is shaded with pergola so as to present the shady trees on the road in the horizontal settlement. Meanwhile, to realize the home page in the horizontal settlement towards the vertical dwelling will use the transition area between the corridor with the dwelling room. The transition area can be functioned as a support area or semi-public area for the owner of the dwelling. Children's play activities covered by roads in horizontal settlements will be moved to a common field on the ground floor designed as a green open public space. The open design method applied to the vertical housing design principle is in the form of horizontal settlement adaptation to vertical settlement. The design principles are vertical housing modules based on land ownership. Then the residential location selection adjusts to the location in the horizontal settlement. The material used consists of permanent elements that functioned as a building structure and flexible elements as a divider between occupancy with each other. In addition to adjusting to the livelihoods of local communities who are dominant to work as farmers and gardening will be integrated with the agropolitan industry. The agropolitan industry acts as a medium for improving the quality of the harvest from the rice fields and forests of the local community which will then be processed into a more varied product. Thus, the processed products can be sold on a common ground floor ground that is designed as a green open public space to the commercial center of the airport area itself. 4. Conclusion Vertical housing is one of the alternatives in the development of living in Indonesia, but the obstacle arises when the residents feel uncomfortable because of the social interaction that is formed is very different from the social inetraksi on the horizontal settlement. The principle of vertical housing design obtained: 1. Provide social interaction space in each unit either through the existence of a terrace, balcony or other public space that is facilitated fairly. 2. Provide employment opportunities for potentially growing communities, farming communities and fair trade. 3. Building masses tailored to site context, providing open retail for communities or facilities that will thrive and keep rental rates stable. Where this principle adjusts to the social interaction of horizontal settlement with open design method is the design of the corridor that presents the highway in the horizontal settlement. There is a transition area between the corridor and the occupancy obtained by the home page area in the horizontal settlement. The provision of a joint field that is designed as a green open public space as a place of play activities for children as well as trading and selling activities for residents who sell. Then the location of the design is integrated with the occupant profession and there are even plans to open employment in the form of agropolitan industry based on rice fields and forest residents. This design system also involves prospective occupants, so residents can adjust the occupancy module and residential location based on the horizontal settlement. It is also supported by building materials consisting of permanent elements as building structures and flexible elements as one house occupancy block. UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 5

References 1) Bungin, Burhan. (2006) Sosiologi Komunikasi. Jakarta: Kencana. 2) Husna, Ana Ziyadatul. (2014) Kajian Open Building dan Keterkaitannya Dengan Sustainability Architecture. 3) Ananto, Sofian D. (2015) Adaptasi Teritorialitas Pemukiman Horizontal ke Dalam Pemukiman Vertikal. 4) Soekanto, Soerjono. (2002) Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar Ringkas, Jakarta: CV Rajawali. 5) Bartolacci, James. (2014) 10 Innovative Affordable Housing Designs For Sustainable Living 6 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress