225 Green Street San Francisco, CA 94111 50 West San Fernando St. Suite 1100 San Jose, CA 95113 San Jose Downtown Street and Pedestrian Lighting Master Plan Auerbach Glasow The Redevelopment Agency of the City of San Jose Project Team
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1 EXISTING CONDITIONS 3 Overview Map 1: Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Source Types Map 2: Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Fixtures Map RECOMMENDATIONS 7 Overview Lighting Design Principals Map 3: Downtown Lighting Master Plan Streets Light Fixture Types Light Fixture Types Images Map 4: Recommended Street and Pedestrian Light Source Types Map 5: Recommended Historic Pedestrian Light Fixtures Map 6: Recommended Contemporary Street and Pedestrian Light Fixtures Guidelines for Light Levels Consideration for the Lick Observatory Development Permits: Required Lighting Calculations Maintenance NEXT STEPS 25 Priority Improvements in Future Budgets Periodic Five Year Review of Guidelines for Light Levels Emerging Light Fixture Technologies Recommended Light Fixtures Light Fixture Schedule with Product Data Sheets Lighting Definition of Terms APPENDIX Separate Document
Introduction The San Jose Downtown Street and Pedestrian Lighting Master Plan was developed in coordination with The San Jose Downtown Streetscape Master Plan and The Downtown San Jose Signage Master Plan. This report establishes guidelines that address future development, including incremental changes, to the Downtown lighting in a consistent and cohesive manner. With the continuing growth and revitalization of Downtown, lighting plays a critical role in the perception of and attraction to the Downtown at night. The Lighting Master Plan addresses the pubic right of way through the illumination of pedestrian paths and streets. Lighting creates appealing spaces, providing exciting and attractive places where people can feel safe and secure. The Plan encompasses design principals, the appearance and location of the light fixtures, the color of light, light levels, considerations for the Lick Observatory and maintenance issues. It charts a path for future lighting development based on research, history, technical and aesthetic requirements and the principle of a humanistic approach to the lighted environment. With the addition of pedestrian light fixtures, it supports the vision of a pedestrian-friendly Downtown, adding vitality to nighttime retail, dining and entertainment activities. The lighting recommendations cover the area designated as the Greater Downtown in the Downtown Streetscape Master Plan. Outside of the Greater Downtown the existing standard City of San Jose lighting guidelines are to be followed. This Plan briefly outlines existing lighting conditions, then identifies detailed recommendations to be implemented in future years as development occurs and as public funding for lighting improvements becomes available. The Appendix is comprised of five components: the Light Fixture Layouts for Example Blocks, Opinion of Probable Costs, Existing Lighting Conditions Survey Maps, Existing Street Lighting: Wattage and Lamp Designations Maps and the Light Fixture Mock-up Report. The Lighting Master Plan provides guidelines for the design of required light fixtures in the public right of way. The base maps within the plan illustrate both the existing street pattern and potential street improvements proposed in various strategic development plans created within the Downtown over the past few years. These strategic development plans show possible new or modified streets in areas that are currently privately owned. By illustrating these possible streets in the Downtown Street and Pedestrian Lighting Master Plan, no determination is being made at this time to acquire the private property for these streets. The Downtown Street and Pedestrian Lighting Master Plan base maps only illustrate possible development and street patterns if implementation of those strategic development plans were pursued in the future. Introduction SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 1
Existing Conditions Overview Map 1: Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Source Types Map 2: Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Fixtures Map Overview Downtown San Jose has a street lighting system that has evolved over the years as funding became available. Many streets have adequate levels of street lighting; others have light levels lower than the existing goals or the goals recommended in this Plan. The existing City standard street light is the cobra head fixture on an eight-sided octaflute pole. The street light fixture light source is high pressure sodium (amber color) in the Downtown Core as defined in the 1989 Streetscape Master Plan Study Area and low pressure sodium (orange color) outside of the Downtown Core Area. High pressure sodium has also been extended to the streets leading to the Arena from the Downtown Core and north on Coleman Avenue. Almost all other streets have low pressure sodium light fixtures. The existing street and pedestrian light source types are shown on Map 1 Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Sources. Historic style single head and double head pedestrian light fixtures occur on streets and pedestrian areas of historic significance or character: the Transit Mall, parts of Santa Clara Street, San Pedro Street, Post Street, Paseos and in certain Downtown Parks. In some areas historic pedestrian fixtures serve both as street and pedestrian lighting, such as in residential areas within the study area. The existing street and pedestrian light fixture styles are shown on Map 2 Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Fixtures. Downtown Park lighting is metal halide (white light). Although Park lighting is not the focus of the Lighting Master Plan, the metal halide historic pedestrian fixtures along the Guadalupe River Park are indicated on the map because they comprise such a significant pedestrian pathway lighting system. Existing Conditions SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 3
Legend High Pressure Sodium Guadalupe Gardens Low Pressure Sodium Lighting Study Boundary 1989 Streetscape Study Boundary Coleman Street Lenzen Avenue Cinnabar Street West Julian Street The Alameda Bird Avenue Stockton Avenue Diridon Station 280 Cahill Street Montgomery Street Autumn Street Park Avenue San Carlos Street Auzerais Avenue Autumn Parkway Arena Green Delmas Avenue McEnery Park Discovery Meadow Woz Way 87 Notre Dame Street Almaden Boulevard Terraine Street Almaden Avenue San Pedro Street Market Street Post Street Plaza de Cesar Chavez Market Street 1st Street 2nd Street St. James Park 3rd Street 4th Street 5th Street 6th Street Julian Street St. James Street St. John Street Santa Clara Street San Fernando Street San Salvador Street William Street 7th Street San Jose State University Bird Avenue Avenue 87 280 Reed Street Map 1: Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Source Types 4 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Existing Conditions
Legend Street Light Fixture: High Pressure Sodium Street Light Fixture: Low Pressure Sodium Pedestrian Light Fixture: High Pressure Sodium Pedestrian Light Fixture: Metal Halide Twin Pedestrian Light Fixture: High Pressure Sodium Lighting Study Boundary 1989 Streetscape Study Boundary Guadalupe Gardens Coleman Street Lenzen Avenue Cinnabar Street West Julian Street The Alameda Bird Avenue Stockton Avenue Diridon Station 280 Cahill Street Montgomery Street Autumn Street Park Avenue San Carlos Street Auzerais Avenue Autumn Parkway Arena Green Delmas Avenue McEnery Park Discovery Meadow Woz Way 87 Notre Dame Street Almaden Boulevard Terraine Street Almaden Avenue San Pedro Street Market Street Post Street Plaza de Cesar Chavez Market Street 1st Street 2nd Street St. James Park 3rd Street 4th Street 5th Street 6th Street Julian Street St. James Street St. John Street Santa Clara Street San Fernando Street San Salvador Street William Street 7th Street San Jose State University Bird Avenue 87 280 Reed Street Map 2: Existing Street and Pedestrian Light Fixtures Map Existing Conditions SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 5
Recommendations Overview Lighting Design Principals Map 3: Downtown Lighting Master Plan Streets Light Fixture Types Light Fixture Types Images Map 4: Recommended Street and Pedestrian Light Source Types Map 5: Recommended Historic Pedestrian Light Fixtures Map 6: Recommended Contemporary Street and Pedestrian Light Fixtures Guidelines for Light Levels Consideration for the Lick Observatory Development Permits: Required Lighting Calculations Maintenance Overview The purpose of the lighting recommendations put forth in this report is to serve as guidelines to develop lighting requirements and establish a single source lighting document that covers all of the Greater Downtown. The recommendations update City policy to current industry practice, follow a common-sense humanistic approach and take into consideration the latest technology. Lighting recommendations are made in the following areas: Design Principals Light Fixture Types (styles) Guidelines for Light Levels Consideration for the Lick Observatory Development Permits: Required Lighting Calculations Maintenance Lighting improvements will occur over time. These guidelines will be used for lighting improvements under two primary scenarios: Private Development: As new development occurs in the Greater Downtown, lighting improvements in the public right of way are required as a condition of development. Developers will use the Lighting Master Plan to define what improvements are needed at the sidewalks adjacent to the new development. Staff will use the Plan to review development proposals and issue site development and 3-permits. Public Projects: Based on the annual budget decisions of the City Council and the Redevelopment Agency board, the Lighting Master Plan will be used to design and construct publicly funded lighting projects in the future. Considerable effort has been made to minimize the capital costs of lighting improvements and ongoing maintenance. The following measures have been incorporated into the lighting recommendations. Existing infrastructure will be used and reused where possible, such as light fixtures, pole locations, poles, electrical systems and service panels. The existing City standard street light will be retained in areas where pedestrian light fixtures will not be used. In areas using pedestrian light fixtures, the street light fixture head will be changed out to a comparably priced cut-off distribution fixture head in respect for the Observatory, but the existing Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 7
pole and arm will be reused. The recommended contemporary pedestrian light fixtures are equal to or below the cost of the existing historic pedestrian light fixtures. Therefore all recommended pedestrian light fixtures are within the existing pedestrian light fixture cost range. All street lights use the existing inventory of lamps (light bulb) to simplify maintenance. Only one new lamp (light bulb) type has been introduced for two of the recommended pedestrian contemporary light fixtures. Lighting Design Principles Good lighting is essential to the success and comfort of the Greater Downtown at night. It addresses not only the necessity of visibility, but also focuses attention on areas of activity and determines the color palate of the nighttime Downtown. Two lighting systems are recommended: street lighting and pedestrian lighting along the sidewalks. Six core design principles will determine the direction for the evolution of the Greater Downtown streetscape lighting. Each principle has a series of considerations that will direct the course of action during street lighting development. PRINCIPLE: CREATE DOWNTOWN IDENTITY/ IDENTIFY DOWNTOWN AT NIGHT Visitors, residents and commuters should recognize that they are within the San Jose Downtown area by the character of the streetscape and street lighting. The lighting boundary for the Greater Downtown corresponds to the Greater Downtown Area as represented in the Streetscape Master Plan. The Greater Downtown lighting should be identified as different from the non-downtown areas. This will be achieved by: Color of light: High pressure sodium lamps will be used in street light fixtures and will replace the few areas of low pressure sodium in the Greater Downtown area. Metal halide lamps will be used in pedestrian light fixtures in commercial areas to bring a better color rendering and white light to high traffic pedestrian areas. The white light of the metal halide lamp provides superior color rendering which allows people to identify surroundings and other people more accurately and provides a more comfortable pedestrian environment. Street light fixture type: Existing semi cut-off cobra head street light fixtures will be used for streets in areas without pedestrian light fixtures. On streets with pedestrian light fixtures, cut-off cobra head street light fixtures will be used if the cut-off street light fixtures meet Light Level Goals as stated in this Plan. A goal of the Plan is to maintain consistency of light fixture types along the length of a street within a given district. A consistent lighting design would be to use cut-off cobra head street light fixtures along the length of an entire street and perhaps use semi cut-off cobra head light fixtures at intersections if required, but street light fixture types should not change from block to block. The Civic Plaza area will have a distinct street light fixture type reinforcing the Civic Center/Civic Plaza area. Pedestrian light fixture type: The pedestrian light fixture type appropriate to each area will be used on Downtown Urban Structure and Pedestrian Network Streets High Pedestrian Volume. The Civic Plaza area will have a distinct pedestrian light fixture type reinforcing the Civic Center/Civic Plaza area. Light pole type: Most street light fixtures will be mounted to the distinctive existing eight-sided octaflute pole. Civic Plaza street light fixtures and pedestrian light fixtures will have a distinctive pole appropriate for the particular fixture style. Spacing of poles: Poles will be located to achieve the light level goals as stated in the Recommendations of this Plan. Whenever possible existing street light poles and locations will be used. Pedestrian light fixtures will in-fill between the street light poles. 8 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
Bird Ave. Delmas Ave. Vehicular and pedestrian lighting levels: Graduated light level goals have been established for each type of street and pedestrian way. Light level goals are highest in the Downtown Urban Structure and Primary Network Streets High pedestrian Volume and decrease as the streets become more residential in character. Map 3 Downtown Lighting Master Plan Streets identifies the various street types in the Greater Downtown. Legend Urban Structure Streets Downtown Pedestrian Network Streets/High Pedestrian Volume Downtown Pedestrian Network Streets/Moderate Pedestrian Volume Paseos Guadalupe River Pedestrian Paths Greater Downtown Area 1989 Streetscape Study Boundary Downtown Residential Streets Stockton St. 87 Bassett St. 1st St. 2nd St. 3rd St. 4th St. 5th St. 6th St. 7th St. Park Ave. San Carlos St. Auzerais St. Cahill Street North Montgomery Howard St. W. Julian Montgomery Street Old Autumn Autumn Parkway Guadalupe Freeway Park Ave. Almaden Blvd. Notre Dame Street Terraine Street San Pedro Street Market St. Convention Center District Santa Clara St. 1st St. St. James Park 2nd St. San Carlos St. San Salvador St. Julian St. St. James St. St. John St. Paseo de San Antonio SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY San Fernando St. 280 William St. 280 proposed ramp Map 3: Downtown Lighting Master Plan Streets Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 9
PRINCIPLE: ENCOURAGE PEDESTRIAN USE OF DOWNTOWN The lighting will contribute to a safe, attractive environment for the pedestrian at night and encourage nighttime use of the downtown. To realize this principle, the lighting will: Have light levels that are safe and increase visibility. Be relatively uniform so there are no perceived inappropriate dark areas. Have good color rendering to identify cars, read signs, and clearly identify pedestrians by using high pressure sodium and metal halide sources. Make destinations appealing by highlighting streetscape elements and gathering places. Be architecturally appropriate to the streetscape. Minimize discomfort glare. Use pedestrian light fixture types appropriate to each area on Downtown Urban Structure and Pedestrian Network Streets High Pedestrian Volume. PRINCIPLE: PRESENT A COHESIVE DOWNTOWN LIGHTING APPROACH There will be a consistent, interrelated design approach to the lighting so that the City, its Contractors and its Developers are working toward the same objective. In order to achieve a cohesive approach, the Lighting Master Plan will: Identify the areas approved for high pressure sodium and metal halide sources in the Greater Downtown. Identify areas with historic light fixtures and contemporary pedestrian light fixtures. Update the Greater Downtown Guidelines for Light Levels and provide a consistent guideline for the downtown. Update and expand lighting specifications for the Greater Downtown based on the recommendations and goals in this Master Plan. Incorporate latest technology as appropriate. A lighting methodology and equipment review should be conducted every 5 years to keep up with advances in technology. Require Developers to submit light level calculations in the public realm to demonstrate lighting compliance for required public realm improvements for all new projects. PRINCIPLE: IDENTIFY SPECIAL AREAS There are historic neighborhoods and distinct areas that should be respected and emphasized in accordance with the Downtown Streetscape Master Plan. Area specific historic or contemporary pedestrian light fixtures will be used as appropriate along Downtown Urban Structure and Primary Pedestrian Network Streets to identify these areas. Older historic neighborhoods also can have historic pedestrian light fixtures when requested by the community. PRINCIPLE: RESPECT OBSERVATORY The lighting should take into consideration the current Lick Observatory exterior lighting needs. Consideration has been given to: Increased use of downward shielding of pedestrian light fixtures. On streets with pedestrian light fixtures in place, replace the existing semi cut-off street light fixture with a downward shielded cut-off street light fixture if the cut-off street light fixture meets Light Level Goals as stated in this Plan. This will decrease the quantity of semi cut-off street light fixtures over time. Selective use of timers to switch off pedestrian light fixtures at a prescribed time of night. Investigate the effects of current technology and the possible positive effect on the Observatory through a periodic five-year review of the Guidelines for Light Levels. 10 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
PRINCIPLE: BUILD UPON EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE The lighting system should use and build upon the existing infrastructure to minimize future costs and to be efficient. Based on lighting level calculations, the lighting system should whenever possible: Use existing light fixture locations. Use existing City Standard light fixtures unless otherwise noted in this Plan. Use existing circuiting, except where new sidewalks will be installed, then replace old circuiting with new installation if needed. Modify existing above grade cabinets and/or incorporate them into the facades of development according to the above ground cabinet guidelines in the Streetscape Master Plan. Replace old technology with more advanced new technology. Double up light poles with Traffic signal poles. Light Fixture Types Recommended light fixture types appear at the end of this report. They are described and specified in the Lighting Fixture Schedule. Their corresponding product data sheets appear after each fixture type. Light fixtures are classified into three categories: street, pedestrian historic and pedestrian contemporary. Light fixtures are designated with the following prefixes: LS (Luminaire Street) = Street light fixture, high pressure sodium (HPS) LH (Luminaire Historic) = Pedestrian historic light fixture, metal halide (MH) or high pressure sodium (HPS) The following criteria establish where each light fixture type will be used within the Greater Downtown: All street lights will use high pressure sodium sources for good color rendering. Cut-off cobra head fixtures will be used on streets with pedestrian lighting (types LS1 & LS1A). If cut-off cobra head fixture distribution does not meet the recommended light level goals on streets with pre-existing street light fixture locations, then semi-cut-off cobra head fixtures will be used (types LS1B & LS1C). The existing City standard semi cut-off cobra head fixtures will be used for street light fixtures in areas with no pedestrian light fixtures (types LS1B & LS1C). Pedestrian light fixtures appropriate to each area will be used on all Downtown Urban Structure and Primary Pedestrian Network Streets. See Map 5 and 6. All pedestrian light fixtures in commercial areas will use metal halide sources for the best color rendering. See Map 4. All pedestrian light fixtures on residential streets will use high pressure sodium sources for good color rendering. See Map 4. Streets, paths and paseos of historic significance or character will have pedestrian historic light fixture types (types LH1, LH1A, LH2 & LH3). See Map 5. Contemporary streets will have pedestrian contemporary light fixture types (type LP1). See Map 6. South of First Street (SOFA) will have a distinct pedestrian contemporary light fixture type reflective of the theatre, arts and entertainment district (type LP2). LP (Luminaire Pedestrian) = Pedestrian contemporary light fixture, Metal halide (MH) Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 11
The Civic Plaza area will have a distinct street light and pedestrian light fixture type reinforcing the Civic Center/Civic Plaza area (type LS3 & LP3). Maps 4, 5 and 6 identify the locations of the recommended street and pedestrian light sources and fixture types. LH1 LH2 LP1 LP2 LP3 LS1 LS1-SEMI LS2 LS3-LS3A Light fixture types 12 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
Legend High Pressure Sodium Street Lights Low Pressure Sodium Street Lights Metal Halide Pedestrian Lights High Pressure Sodium Pedestrian Lights Greater Downtown Area 1989 Streetscape Study Boundary Guadalupe Gardens Note: Where pedestrian light fixtures are noted there will be high pressure sodium street light fixtures where needed. Coleman Street Lenzen Avenue Cinnabar Street West Julian Street Autumn Parkway 87 1st Street 2nd Street 3rd Street 7th Street 6th Street 5th Street 4th Street Julian Street San Pedro Street Market Street St. James Street The Alameda Bird Avenue 280 Stockton Avenue Arena Green Diridon Station Cahill Street Montgomery Street Autumn Street Park Avenue San Carlos Street Auzerais Avenue Delmas Avenue McEnery Park Discovery Meadow Woz Way Terraine Street Almaden Avenue Notre Dame Street Almaden Boulevard Post Street Plaza de Cesar Chavez Market Street St. James Park St. John Street Santa Clara Street San Fernando Street San Jose State University San Salvador Street William Street Bird Avenue Avenue 87 280 Reed Street Map 4: Recommended Street and Pedestrian Light Source Types Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 13
Legend Twin Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LH1 Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LH2 Type LH1 Type LH2 Type LH1A Type LH3 Twin Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LH1A Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LH3 Greater Downtown Area Guadalupe Gardens 1989 Streetscape Study Boundary Coleman Street Lenzen Avenue Cinnabar Street West Julian Street Autumn Parkway 87 1st Street 2nd Street 3rd Street 7th Street 6th Street 5th Street 4th Street Julian Street San Pedro Street Market Street St. James Street The Alameda Bird Avenue 280 Stockton Avenue Arena Green Diridon Station Cahill Street Montgomery Street Autumn Street Park Avenue San Carlos Street Auzerais Avenue Delmas Avenue McEnery Park Discovery Meadow Woz Way Terraine Street Almaden Avenue Notre Dame Street Almaden Boulevard Post Street Plaza de Cesar Chavez Market Street St. James Park St. John Street Santa Clara Street San Fernando Street San Jose State University San Salvador Street William Street Bird Avenue Avenue 87 280 Reed Street Map 5: Recommended Historic Pedestrian Light Fixtures 14 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
Legend Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LP1 Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LP2 Type LP1 Type LP2 Type LP3 Type LS3 Pedestrian Light Fixture: Type LP3 and Street Light Fixture: Type LS3 Greater Downtown Area Guadalupe Gardens 1989 Streetscape Study Boundary Coleman Street Lenzen Avenue Cinnabar Street West Julian Street Autumn Parkway 87 1st Street 2nd Street 3rd Street 7th Street 6th Street 5th Street 4th Street Julian Street San Pedro Street Market Street St. James Street The Alameda Bird Avenue 280 Stockton Avenue Arena Green Diridon Station Cahill Street Montgomery Street Autumn Street Park Avenue San Carlos Street Auzerais Avenue Delmas Avenue McEnery Park Discovery Meadow Woz Way Terraine Street Almaden Avenue Notre Dame Street Almaden Boulevard Post Street Plaza de Cesar Chavez Market Street St. James Park St. John Street Santa Clara Street San Fernando Street San Jose State University San Salvador Street William Street Bird Avenue 87 280 Reed Street Map 6: Recommended Contemporary Street and Pedestrian LIght Fixtures Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 15
Guidelines for Light Levels The purpose of the Guidelines for Light Levels is to consolidate and update the street and pedestrian lighting standards and goals currently in use in the Greater Downtown. The Guidelines: Consolidate information from multiple City documents and remove redundancies. Minimum average maintained light levels are listed to account for light loss over time. As the light source ages, equipment begins to wear, dirt accumulates, and light levels drop dramatically to what is known as maintained light levels. This reduction in light is called a light loss and can be accounted for by including a light loss factor (LLF) in the lighting calculations. Clarify what criteria take precedence where. Establish minimum maintained light levels. Establish lighting uniformity ratios. Provide street, intersection and pedestrian way lighting goals. Establish lighting criteria for Paseos, Urban Parks, Public Art, Building Mounted Pedestrian Level Lighting and Holiday Lighting. LIGHT LEVEL GOALS The Light Level Goals Chart details the light level goals for all Greater Downtown lighting. It incorporates the previous 1990 Downtown Infrastructure Improvement Plan (DIIP) goals developed specifically for the Downtown Core. The Chart clarifies the older DIIP criteria by listing minimum average maintained light levels and uniformity ratios. Previously established DIIP light level goals for San Jose were set to address the concerns of security and perceived low light level in the Downtown. Due to the existing light levels in many of the Downtown streets, current recommended light level goals maintain the previously established goals and take into consideration uniformity ratios and pedestrian light levels as recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Roadway Lighting RP-8-00 publication, 1999. 16 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
Light Level Goals Chart Pedestrian Network Streets are divided into two light level categories: Pedestrian Network Streets High Pedestrian Volume and Pedestrian Network Streets Moderate Pedestrian Volume. Pedestrian Network Streets High Pedestrian Volume are characterized by the same light level as Urban Structure Streets and use of pedestrian light fixtures. Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 17
STREET LIGHTING The street classification system accounts for different light levels to accommodate the different road types, functions and pedestrian conflict areas. A category addressing street illumination criteria is included in the Light Level Goals Chart. The category descriptions for the different street types have been adapted from categories in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Lighting Handbook, Ninth Edition, 2000. 18 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING Often, a street lighting system also provides lighting for adjacent pedestrian ways. Sometimes pedestrian specific light fixtures are used. A category addressing pedestrian way illumination criteria is included in the Light Level Goals Chart on page 17. The category descriptions for the different pedestrian way types have been adapted from categories in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Lighting Handbook, Ninth Edition, 2000. Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 19
INTERSECTION LIGHTING Intersections are called out as a separate category in the Light Level Goals chart because intersections have higher lighting goals due to pedestrian conflict issues surrounding traffic movement. PASEO LIGHTING Paseos have the same requirements as pedestrian lighting for a Downtown Pedestrian Network Street High Pedestrian Volume with regard to light level and uniformity goals. Paseos will be illuminated using City standard historic light fixtures with a metal halide light source. Other light fixture types may be considered in new paseo systems that reflect the surrounding area. BUILDING MOUNTED PEDESTRIAN LEVEL LIGHTING Private Developers are encouraged to mount light fixtures at the pedestrian level on their building facades, canopies and over hangs to supplement the street and/or pedestrian lighting in the public right of way. Pedestrian level lighting draws attention to the building and encourages night use of the area. Long life and white light sources should be used for pedestrian lighting, such as metal halide, fluorescent, Light Emitting Diode (LED) or long life tungsten halogen. Building mounted light fixtures should be selected that will mitigate light pollution and minimize uplight in the environment. Consideration should be given to all issues stated under the Lighting Design Principles including those of the Observatory. URBAN PARK LIGHTING Downtown Urban Parks should be illuminated using either historic or contemporary pedestrian light fixtures selected from the City standards. The Parks have the same pedestrian lighting requirements as a Downtown Pedestrian Network Street Moderate Pedestrian Volume with regard to light level and uniformity goals, but the fixtures will use a metal halide light source. PUBLIC ART LIGHTING Public art should be illuminated when possible. Sometimes public art will be adequately illuminated from existing street or pedestrian light fixtures. Or it may be possible to add a specific street or pedestrian light fixture for the purpose of illuminating the art. Some art, due to its size or importance, will require specific lighting. Long life and white light sources should be used to light art, such as metal halide, fluorescent, Light Emitting Diode (LED) or long life tungsten halogen. Consideration should be given to all issues stated under the Lighting Design Principles including those of the Observatory and Building Upon Existing Infrastructure. Building mounted light fixtures Building mounted light fixtures 20 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
HOLIDAY LIGHTING The City has an existing holiday lighting program. Separate 120 volt circuits are incorporated high on street light poles to accommodate the installation of temporary holiday lighting. The use of holiday lighting should be expanded and promoted. Consideration for the Lick Observatory The lighting needs of a major urban center such as Greater Downtown San Jose present challenges for the Lick Observatory. Telescopes require dark environments; cities require illuminated environments. There is a delicate balance between accommodating the requirements of the Observatory and the requirements of the growing Downtown. Through dialogue with the Observatory, the recommendations in the Lighting Master Plan have acknowledged the City s steps to control and minimize the effect of electric light in the nighttime environment. The following specific actions have been taken to mitigate nighttime sky glow: The recommended contemporary pedestrian fixtures have been selected to mitigate light pollution and minimize uplight in the environment. Shielding and reflectors have been added to the City standard historic fixtures to reduce the upward lighting component. In areas where pedestrian light fixtures are used, the City standard cobra head will be changed out to a cut-off distribution cobra head when the lighting in these areas is renovated provided that the cut-off fixture meets light level Goals as stated in this Plan. Timers will be considered to switch off pedestrian light fixtures at a prescribed time of night. Timing will vary depending upon locations and pedestrian night activities. Continuing investigation will be conducted into the effects of technology, government regulation and vision research and it s possible positive effect on the Observatory through a periodic five-year review of the Guidelines for Light Levels. Development Permits: Required Lighting Calculations When submitting street and pedestrian lighting improvement plans to the City for a permit for off site improvements for a development, light level calculations shall be submitted with the lighting layout to demonstrate compliance with the Lighting Master Plan Light Level Goals. The light level calculations shall be performed using a recognized industry standard computerized lighting program. Acceptable software for computerized lighting programs includes, but is not limited to: AGI by Lighting Analysts, Inc. Autolux by Independent Testing Laboratories, Inc. Genesis by Genlyte, Inc. Holophane Luxicon by Cooper Lighting, Inc. LitePro by Hubbell Lighting, Inc. Lumen Micro or Simply Roadway by Lighting Technologies, Inc. Micro-Site-Lite by Lighting Sciences, Inc. Visual or Templit by Lithonia Lighting, Inc. Recommendations SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 21
Light level calculations shall be provided for each lighting layout or change in fixture spacing along the street, along the pedestrian way and for intersections. Calculations shall be presented in a point by point calculation grid calculated as follows: Streets: 2 points per lane, 10 on center Intersections: points 10 on center, include all light fixtures contributing to the intersection. Sidewalks 10 wide: 2 points, 5 on center, 2.5 from edges Sidewalks 15 wide: 3 points, 5 on center, 2.5 from edges A summary chart confirming compliance with the Guidelines shall be provided with each lighting layout. The summary chart shall list the calculation program used, minimum average maintained light level, uniformity ratio and light-fixture type for the street, intersection and pedestrian way. Light level shall be calculated in horizontal footcandles at grade. A light loss factor (LLF) of 0.72 for high pressure sodium lamps and 0.60 for metal halide lamps shall be used when calculating light levels in the Greater Downtown. The calculated light level and uniformity shall be within the recommended practice as stated in the most recent publication of the Lighting Handbook by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Maintenance CLEANING, REPAIRING AND RELAMPING Luminaires should be cleaned whenever a lamp or ballast is replaced. The internal reflector and the inside and outside of the lens should be dusted then wiped clean. Any dirt hindering the performance of the luminaire should be removed. The system should be inspected for broken parts, frayed wires, dubious electrical components, or other problems and any necessary repairs should be made during this maintenance repair period. During the course of regular maintenance, light fixtures should be relamped whenever they burnout or stop working. The date each luminaire is relamped should be recorded and tracked in order to monitor the maintenance schedule. When a High Pressure Sodium luminaire has not been relamped in a period of 6 years, maintenance staff should relamp the luminaire and inspect it. Similarly, if a Metal Halide luminaire has not been relamped in a period of 2.75 years, maintenance staff should relamp the luminaire and inspect it. An ongoing challenge for the City is maintenance of public infrastructure. In an ideal world, a regular maintenance schedule for light fixtures would increase the amount of light in the public right of way without major capital costs. However, the challenges of ongoing maintenance costs forces the City to just replace the lamps that have burned out and to perform minimal maintenance on light fixtures. According to State Redevelopment law, Redevelopment funds cannot be used for maintenance. Redevelopment funds can be used for capital improvements, including new street and pedestrian lighting systems recommended in the Plan. MAINTENANCE DISTRICT A Downtown Maintenance and Lighting Enhancement District should be established to better address the ongoing needs for enhanced maintenance of street and pedestrian lighting and other streetscape elements in the Greater Downtown. 22 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Recommendations
Next Steps Priority Improvements in Future Budgets Periodic Review of Greater Downtown Guidelines for Light Levels Emerging Light Fixture Technologies Recommended Light Fixtures Light Fixture Schedule with Product Data Sheets Lighting Definition of Terms Priority Improvements in Future Budgets The improvements to street and pedestrian lighting will be made over a long period of time. The recommendations in the Plan will be implemented gradually as private development occurs and required infrastructure improvements in the public right of way are constructed. Implementation will also occur through future publicly funded projects when funds are budgeted by the City or Redevelopment Agency. Budget challenges will impact the schedule for both new capital projects and ongoing infrastructure maintenance. The following are recommended high priority public streetscape lighting projects to be constructed with the Agency and City funds based on future budget allocations by the Redevelopment Agency Board and/or City Council. These lighting improvement projects have been identified and prioritized as the projects most in need of attention in the Greater Downtown. For all streetscape projects, the lighting will be designed or upgraded to the criteria set forth in the Recommendations section of this Plan. PRIORITY ONE Transit Mall lighting upgrade (concurrent with station retrofit project expanded to entire Transit Mall area). Upgrade under-illuminated existing street lighting to achieve the recommended street lighting levels throughout the Greater Downtown. Install high pressure sodium street light fixtures on all urban Structure and Downtown Pedestrian Network Streets in the Greater Downtown. Upgrade freeway underpass lighting on South First, Second and Third Streets under I-280 and on St John, Park Avenue, San Carlos and Auzerais Avenue under Highway 87. Paint light poles to achieve a consistent appearance historic fixtures and older octaflute poles. St John Street Corridor Streetscape lighting upgrade Fifth Street neighborhood to Guadalupe River Park. Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 23
PRIORITY TWO Market Street I-280 to Julian lighting upgrade. San Carlos Street Fourth Street to Highway 87 lighting upgrade. San Carlos Street Highway 87 to Bird Ave. lighting upgrade (coordinate with SNI project). Almaden Blvd. Santa Clara Street to I-280 lighting upgrade (concurrent with adjacent development). ONGOING PRIORITIES COORDINATE WITH PRIVATE AND PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT Downtown Lighting Improvements Building mounted pedestrian level lighting and street and pedestrian lighting improvements in the public right of way will be required for development permits. Periodic Review of Greater Downtown Guidelines for Light Levels The Greater Downtown Guidelines for Light Levels should be reviewed every 5 years, and updated upon review if necessary to keep up with current practice. More frequent reviews may be necessary as new exterior lighting regulations are adopted statewide or federally. Changes in lighting technology should be monitored so that new energy efficient opportunities can be incorporated into the plan when available. Reviews should be conducted in the following areas: Review of the latest publication(s) of the IESNA Lighting Handbook and IESNA Roadway and Pedestrian lighting recommended practice. Review of the latest version of the California Energy Commission Outdoor Lighting Standards, Title 24 (to be initially published in 2003). Review of improvements/advancements in energy efficiency related to lamps, ballasts and lamp/ballast systems. Retrofitting of older luminaires with current lamp, ballast or lamp/ballast systems. Improvements/advancements in lamp spectral distribution for better color rendering. Review of the latest information and research regarding street and pedestrian light level, lamp spectral distribution and uniformity requirements to optimize vision for night tasks. Emerging Light Fixture Technologies The purpose of this section is to report on emerging light fixture technologies that are applicable to Greater Downtown street and pedestrian lighting and are likely to become available in the next 5 years. Other factors that may affect street lighting requirements in the future are also addressed. Although this is a review of emerging technologies, some selected current technology is discussed to give background to the emerging technology. There are four components of exterior light fixtures that can be improved upon as technologies advance. They are: Lamp (light source) - High Pressure Sodium - Low Pressure Sodium - Metal Halide - Light Emitting Diode (LED) (Fluorescent, Induction, Mercury Vapor, and Incandescent lamps are not used or anticipated being used for the Greater Downtown street lighting in the next 5 years and therefore are not addressed in this report) 24 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
Ballast (device that controls the electric current to the lamp) Optical Design (control of light output) Light Fixture Design Other factors that may impact light fixture selection are: State and Federal Lighting Regulations Human Factors (our needs related to perception) LAMP TECHNOLOGY High Pressure Sodium Very little work is currently scheduled by the major lamp manufacturers for the advancement of high pressure sodium lamp technology. There are, however, some currently existing high pressure sodium technologies that should be considered by the City. Osram Sylvania manufactures an extended life high pressure sodium lamp that has an average rated life of 30,000 hours, compared with the standard high pressure sodium life of 24,000 hours. In addition, the extended life lamp extinguishes at the end of life instead of cycling on and off like typical high pressure sodium lamps. It is available in all the typical high pressure sodium lamp wattages: 50, 70, 150, 200, 250, and 400. It is more expensive than standard high pressure sodium, but it lasts 20% longer. It is manufactured by Osram Sylvania and labeled Lumalux Plus/ECO. Osram Sylvania also manufactures a mercury-free high pressure sodium lamp that the City of San Jose could consider if mercury content of the high pressure sodium lamps is an issue. The mercury free lamp performs like the standard high pressure sodium, but is more environmentally friendly and does not require special disposal procedures. It is available in lamp wattages of 70, 100 and 150, and is approximately the same cost as the Lumalux Plus. It is manufactured by Osram Sylvania and labeled Lumalux Mercury-free HGF/ECO. No change is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Low Pressure Sodium No work is planned by the major lamp manufacturers for the advancement of low pressure sodium lamp technology. Essentially the lamp has poor color quality and it is so large that little can be done with it in terms of optical design. No change is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Metal Halide The greatest advances expected in lamp technology will be in the development of the metal halide lamp. Metal halide has the best color rendering of the high intensity discharge lamps (metal halide, high pressure sodium, low pressure sodium) that are typically used for street lighting, and so manufacturers are interested in developing its full potential. Although much of their research is confidential because of the highly competitive nature of the lamp industry, all of the major lamp manufacturers GE, Osram Sylvania, Philips, and Venture acknowledge that they are continuing to refine their metal halide lamps. Improvements will be made to the current ceramic metal halide lamp technology as higher wattage lamps are added to the product selection. Ceramic metal halide lamps are used when improved color rendering and color stability are important. Ceramic metal halide are currently offered in low wattages, but higher wattages should be added in the next 5 years. Improvements will be made to the current pulse start lamp technology to increase the color temperature selection of lamps in the higher wattage categories. Pulse start lamps are used when longer life, lumen maintenance and color stability are important. Pulse start lamps must be operated on a pulse start ballast. Reference Metal Halide Ballast Technology section. Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 25
Standard metal halide lamps have a pronounced color shift over the life of the lamp. Both ceramic metal halide and pulse start metal halide lamps have minimal color shift and a stable color over their life. Increased product selection is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Light Emitting Diode Advances in Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology are occurring rapidly and a few street light fixture manufacturers are beginning to incorporate LEDs into street light fixtures. To date, available LED street lights do not have sufficient light output to replace San Jose street or pedestrian light fixtures to achieve required light levels. As the luminous efficiency of LEDs keep improving, it may be possible for an LED street light fixture to compete with a traditional street light fixture. In order for this to occur, LED have to become brighter and the fixtures must offer various light distributions. Currently the wattage of an individual LED is low, 1 watt each, with a 5 watt lamp soon to be available. As LEDs increase in wattage and as the they approach 120 lumens per watt, which is the same luminous efficiency as high pressure sodium, the LED street light will become more viable as a replacement for the traditional street light. It is unlikely that this would occur in the next 5 years, but it is worth taking note of the possibility and monitoring development. Progress is expected to be significant in this category, but probably will not affect street lighting in the next 5 years. BALLAST TECHNOLOGY Improvements in ballast technology increase lighting system efficiency by reducing the power required for each lamp/ballast combination. Ballast improvements may also stabilize the color of high intensity discharge lamps and increase the lamp life. Ballast technology is lamp specific. The following ballasts are addressed by lamp type. High and Low Pressure Sodium There is only one type of ballast available for high pressure sodium and low pressure sodium lamps: standard magnetic core and coil ballast. Ballast improvements are not in development for either type of sodium lamp. No change is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Metal Halide There have been great advances in the design of metal halide ballasts in recent years. The most notable advancement is the development of the pulse start ballast. The benefits of the pulse start ballast are: Better lamp color stability, therefore less mismatched colors from lamp to lamp Energy efficiency Long life The drawbacks to the pulse start ballast: Ballast benefits occur only when operated in combination with a pulse start lamp More expensive than standard metal halide lamp/ballasts Another notable advancement is the development of dual light level switching, which is available in several high wattage metal halide ballasts. This means that light levels and energy use can be reduced to half by a simple control switch. 26 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
This option may be more widely available in the next five years, however, it is not a practical solution for San Jose since reducing the designed light levels by half would not meet Greater Downtown minimum light level requirements. Progress and increased product selection is expected in this category in the next 5 years. OPTICAL DESIGN Cut-Off and Full Cut-off Distribution Definition of cut-off: The candela at 90 above nadir (horizontal) is less than 2.5% of rated lumens, and less than 10% of rated lumens at 80 above nadir. Cut-off fixtures emit minimal light at or above 90 degrees from nadir. Definition of full cut-off: The candela at 90 above nadir (horizontal) is 0%, and less than 10% of rated lumens at 80 above nadir. Full cut-off fixtures emit no light at or above 90 degrees from nadir. Cut-off and full cut-off light fixtures are favorable in dark sky applications where direct light is restricted from the night sky. A typical characteristic of these fixtures is that the glare from the lens or reflector essentially disappears when viewed from a distance because most of the light is directed down, as opposed to semi cut-off which have more light directed up. Different standards and regulations around the country are increasingly recommending cut-off and full cut-off fixtures to meet dark sky concerns. Increased product selection is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Semi Cut-off Distribution Definition of semi cut-off: The candela at 90 above nadir (horizontal) is less than 5% of rated lumens, and less than 20% of rated lumens at 80 above nadir. Semi cut-off fixtures emit some light at or above 90 degrees from nadir. Other than cobra heads, or cobra head-type fixtures, few contemporary street light fixtures have semi cut-off distribution. With the increased need for energy efficiency, dark sky issues and light pollution reduction, the lighting industry is directing its effort toward the design of cut-off and full cut-off street light fixtures. Consequently, minimal semi cut-off light fixture design is being developed. Minimal progress or product selection is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Indirect Distribution for Pedestrian Scale Light Fixtures Indirect pedestrian scale light fixtures (12 to 20 ft. height) have been developed in recent years. These fixtures bounce light up to a reflector and back down to the ground, distributing light by reflecting it off of a wide surface. Such fixtures conceal the light source and, in so doing, minimize glare from the light source. The wide surface reflectors can be angled to aim light where needed. A wider variety of these types of light fixtures may become available in the next five years. Increased product selection is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Controlled Optics for Historic Globe Light Fixtures In response to dark sky concerns, currently some manufacturers are offering options to use an internal reflector or refractor and/or solid cap on their glowing historic globe fixtures. The use of these options make the fixtures more efficient and allow less light to be directed into the sky. Although this is current technology, not emerging, this is a recommended option that the City should use for their historic globe fixtures. Increased product selection is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 27
LIGHT FIXTURE DESIGN Light fixture manufacturers are always working to introduce a new look or approach to light fixture design. Although this topic falls under design, not technology, new technology often drives the design of the light fixture. Technological lamp, ballast and optical advances culminate in new fixture design. Just as research in the lamp industry is confidential because of the highly competitive nature of that industry, so the light fixture manufacturers are confidential about their up coming designs. Based on this analysis of emerging technologies, the following trends in light fixture design are predicted: The majority of new light fixture designs will focus on metal halide lamps. The majority of new street light fixture designs will use cut-off or full cut-off optics. The use of indirect light distribution for pedestrian light fixture design will continue, providing more options for this type of fixture. Light fixtures will continue to be imported from Europe. Many of the best designed and fabricated light fixtures available today are from Europe. For example, European fixture design started the trend of indirect distribution light fixture designs in the U.S. STATE AND FEDERAL LIGHTING REGULATIONS State of California The California Energy Commission (CEC) is required, under State of California Senate Bill 5X of 2001, to create and adopt energy efficiency standards that regulate exterior lighting for permitted spaces. The standards will become mandatory in 2005. Lighting standards for building grounds, entries, parking lots, landscape, building facades, outdoor sales areas and signage will be affected. Lighting standards for public streets, roadways and highways, sports and athletic fields and industrial sites will not be affected. The CEC standards are currently under development and are currently scheduled for adoption in 2003. They will become mandatory in 2005, in conjunction with the release of the 2005 California Building Code. The standards are still evolving and this report reflects the current, but incomplete, status of the standards. The CEC standards will set prescriptive requirements for maximum lighting power density limits. That means, for example, that within a defined area, there would be a maximum total wattage allowed for lighting. The regulations may also dictate mandatory technical requirements that would include luminaire shielding requirements, and specific lighting control (e.g., pre-curfew lighting and curfew lighting). Any light fixture that is 175 watts or above will have cut-off distribution optics or better. The regulations will also introduce environmental zones. The lighting requirements will have a different wattage allowance for each environmental zone. The zones will be defined by population density. There will be at least four zones. The zones pertinent to the Greater Downtown will be: 28 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
The writing, review and approval of these new regulations are a dynamic process that will continue until adoption of the regulation in 2003. These standards, particularly the environmental zone aspect, represent a new paradigm in exterior lighting that the lighting industry has not yet addressed. New State energy efficiency standards that regulate exterior lighting on private property will become mandatory in 2005. No such regulations for the public right of way are currently adopted or in development. Federal Government ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 is used for federal buildings only in California. The standard has been in effect since 1989, the latest revision is 1999 and another revision is planned for 2004. This standard has lighting power requirements for several outdoor applications, however they do not affect municipal street or pedestrian lighting. There are no other Federal regulations governing exterior lighting at this time. A revision to ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 is planned for 2004. Changes are undetermined. HUMAN FACTORS Significant research has been done over the past 10 years into human factors with regards to street lighting. Several studies have examined how we perceive our environment under different low light level conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the color spectrum of a light source makes a difference in human perception and affects behavior and reaction time under low light levels. This research will lead to a better understanding of the lighting we should use for street lighting with regard to type of light source, fixture placement and relative brightness of the street, sidewalk and adjacent environment. The Roadway Lighting Committee for the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) is taking these studies under advisement, however given the newness and preliminary nature of this research, they have not yet decided to revise recommendations for roadway lighting standards. In the next five years these issues will likely be further addressed through more research. Funding, however, for lighting research has historically been minimal. How much progress will occur in this area is unknown. Progress is expected in this category in the next 5 years. Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 29
Recommended Light Fixtures The recommended light fixtures incorporate the Lighting Master Plan requirements. Consideration has been given to the analysis of existing conditions, Lighting Design Principles, Guidelines for Light levels, Consideration for the Lick Observatory, and the need to be cost efficient for both initial capital expenditures for lighting systems and ongoing maintenance. The following light fixtures types are recommended for use in the Greater Downtown. Light Fixture Schedule with Product Data Sheets (on the following pages) LS1 & LS1A High pressure sodium cobra head street light fixture with cut-off optics. LS1B & LS1C High pressure sodium cobra head street light fixture with semi cut-off optics. LS3 & LS3A High pressure sodium contemporary-style street light fixture with cut-off optics. LH1 & LH1A Metal halide pedestrian historic-style twin light fixture. LH2 Metal halide pedestrian historic-style light fixture. LH3 High pressure sodium pedestrian historic-style light fixture. LP1 Metal halide pedestrian contemporary-style light fixture. LP2 Metal halide pedestrian contemporary-style light fixture. LP3 Metal halide pedestrian contemporary-style light fixture. The Light Fixture Schedule with product data sheets on the following pages contain detailed technical specifications for the above light fixture types. 30 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1 AND LS1A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 31
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS1 32 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS1A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 33
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1 AND LS1A 34 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1 AND LS1A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 35
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1 AND LS1A 36 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1 AND LS1A 38 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1 AND LS1A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 39
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C 40 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS1B Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 41
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS1C 42 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 43
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C 44 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 45
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C 46 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 47
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS1B AND LS1C 48 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LS2 (FOR REFERENCE ONLY) Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 49
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS2 50 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS3 AND LS3A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 51
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS3 52 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LS3A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 53
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS3 AND LS3A 54 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LS3 AND LS3A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 55
LIGHTING FIXTURE TYPES: LS3 AND LS3A 56 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LH1 AND LH1A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 57
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LH1 58 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LH1A Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 59
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LH1 AND LH1A 60 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LH2 AND LH3 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 61
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LH2 62 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LH3 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 63
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPES: LH2 AND LH3 64 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP1 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 65
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LP1 66 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP1 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 67
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP1 68 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP1 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 69
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP1 70 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP2 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 71
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LP2 72 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP2 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 73
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP2 74 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP2 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 75
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP3 76 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE SCHEDULE: LP3 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 77
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP3 80 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP3 78 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP3 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 79
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP3 80 SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN Next Steps
LIGHT FIXTURE TYPE: LP3 Next Steps SAN JOSE DOWNTOWN STREET AND PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING MASTER PLAN 81