Lord Stirling Community School Schematic Design Proposal AE Senior Thesis Nehal M. Youssef
About the Building A new face for an old town The building of the Lord Stirling Community School was the beginning of an extensive project to renovate the New Brunswick city area. Building Statistics: Location: Downtown New Brunswick, NJ Size: 98,000 square feet Two levels with main entrance on upper level K through 8 th grade educational facility
Floor Plans: Upper Level N
Floor Plans: Upper Level Main Entrance Vestibule N
Floor Plans: Upper Level Main Upper Level Corridor and Main Stair Case N
Floor Plans: Lower Level Cafeteria N
Floor Plans: Upper Level Media Center N
Floor Plans: Upper Level Adjacent Computer Lab N
Floor Plans: Lower Level N
Floor Plans: Lower Level Lower Level Corridor N
Floor Plans: Lower Level Kindergarten Classroom N
Floor Plans: Lower Level Auditorium N
Design Goals My goals for lighting the Lord Stirling Community school are: An an educationally stimulating environment Introduction of daylight into the building To improve feelings of openness and relaxation. Increased illumination levels for melatonin suppression. Design Metaphor: Bringing the outdoors inside Three adjectives to describe my design Open Relaxed Alert
Design Criteria For each space Identify architectural features to be highlighted Identify main focal points/hierarchy of brightness Define the main tasks to be completed Determine target illuminance values Consider daylight integration Identify potential glare problems
General Notes on Existing Spaces Generally speaking, existing reflectance values throughout the building are acceptable and do not need major changing. Most common wall reflectance 80% Most common floor reflectance: Corridor 75% Rooms 45% Problem area: the Auditorium Wall reflectance too low
Entrance Vestibule
Entrance Vestibule Design Criteria High 14-0 ceiling should be lit to emphasize height Main focal point should be the desk through the glass where people go for direction upon entering the building Main Task: Entrance First impression of the building Task Plane - floor Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Simple orientation for short visits: 50 lx (5 fc) Personal Goal: Higher than 5fc to allow for adaptation from daylight outside to inside High reflectance of wall (80%) and floor (75%) will allow for higher values without creating energy usage problems Daylight integration not necessary No potential glare problems
Entrance Vestibule Current Layout: Luminaires: Direct 4 foot pendants Lamp: Fluorescent, 4100 CCT Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start Design Issues: The lack of light to the ceiling dwarfs the space. The 14-0 ceiling is left dark. Space does not feel inviting. Plaque seems out of place Light levels are adequate.
Entrance Vestibule Schematic Redesign: Intent: To create an inviting entrance to the school Bring Light to the ceiling to increase height of the space High CCT to simulate daylight Move plaque inside behind security desk and accent Fixtures: Indirect wall mounted fixture Compact fluorescent downlights Lamping: Linear fluorescent, 6000 K Compact fluorescent, 3500 K Ballast: Non-dimming electronic
Entrance Vestibule Schematic Redesign: Concept Rendering Fixtures: Indirect wall mounted fixtures Direct wall mounted CF downlights Lamping: Fluorescent, 4100 K Compact Fluorescent, 3000K Ballast: Non-dimming electronic Move plaque Space feels more welcoming and inviting Bring the high brightness and high CCT of daylight indoors Warmer downlights for good skin color
Upper Level Main Corridor
Upper Level Main Corridor Design Criteria Architectural feature = main stair case and changes in ceiling heighth Circulation corridor Emphasize stair case and push light to walls potential place for art work Main Tasks: Circulation with high visibility Visited by most occupants throughout the day Task Plane floor and walls Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Working space with simple visual tasks: 100 lx (10fc) Personal Goal: Higher than 5fc to allow for visual clarity High reflectance of wall (80%) and floor (75%) will allow for higher values without creating energy usage problems This area is a high candidate for daylight integration Daylight can create visual interest throughout the day with higher levels of illumination without expending more energy Potential glare from skylight and unwanted light patterns
Upper Level Main Corridor Current Layouts Luminaires 1x4 fluorescent lensed troffers 6 inch compact fluorescent downlights Variable length fluorescent troffers above stair case Lamps Fluorescent and Compact Fluorescent 3500 CCT Ballasts Non-dimming, electronic, instant start Design Issues Ceiling plane is too chaotic No accent on architectural features Not enough light on walls Negative reflection of luminaires on floor
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Intent: Bring the outdoors inside Introduce daylight clear skylight over stair case Diffuse top light wall wash High illumination on west wall to mimic daylighting on east wall Clean ceiling illumination without clutter Clear skylights above stair case Supporting direct/indirect fixtures for evening hours Top light wall wash on east wall Supporting fixtures in well for evening hours Linear fluorescent fixtures along length of corridor if needed Lamping T5 HO, 6000K CCT New lamp that mimics daylight Metal Halide above stair cases Ballasts Electronic, dimming instant start
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Concept sketch Top light wall wash on east wall Lamping T5 HO, 5000K CCT New lamp that mimics daylight Ballasts Electronic, dimming instant start
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Concept sketch Clear skylights above stair case Clear glazing Blue tint to glazing to mimic blue sky even on overcast days Pyramid shape to catch light from all directions Support lighting under each section Direct/indirect Lamping Metal Halide
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Clear skylights above stair case Top light wall wash on east wall Linear fluorescent fixtures along length of corridor if needed Lamping T5 HO, 6000K CCT Metal Halide above stair cases Ballasts Electronic, dimming instant start Daylight will brighten the appearance of the space and create a connection to the outdoors for students and instructors
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Clear skylights above stair case Top light wall wash on east wall Linear fluorescent fixtures along length of corridor if needed Lamping T5 HO, 6000K CCT Metal Halide above stair cases Ballasts Electronic, dimming instant start Direct daylight patterns will allow occupants to sense the passing of the day
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Clear skylights above stair case Top light wall wash on east wall Linear fluorescent fixtures along length of corridor if needed Lamping T5 HO, 6000K CCT Metal Halide above stair cases Ballasts Electronic, dimming instant start Daylight brings a connection to the outdoors inside improving the attitudes and moods of occupants
Upper Level Main Corridor Schematic Redesign: Clear skylights above stair case Top light wall wash on east wall Linear fluorescent fixtures along length of corridor if needed Lamping T5 HO, 6000K CCT Metal Halide above stair cases Ballasts Electronic, dimming instant start High CCT wall wash on west wall creates the appearance of daylight on both sides of the hallway, widening the hallway and re-establishing a sense of being outdoors
Cafeteria
Cafeteria Design Criteria Southern facing windows on wall and large open space with 12-0 ceiling This is a place of relaxation; a time to eat and drink; no specific highlights other than on one s s plate Main Task: Dining Task plane: table tops at 30 above finished floor Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and small size: 300lx (30fc) Personal Goal: Higher than recommended levels through the introduction of daylight Because of location on upper level and southern facing windows, this room is excellent for daylight integration Glare from direct sunlight should be avoided due to direct views of southern skies
Cafeteria Current Layout: Luminaires: Direct 2x2 lensed troffers Lamp: Fluorescent, 4100 CCT Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, rapid start Design Issues: Small clearstory windows on southern wall do not take advantage of southern sky lighting conditions Diagonal 2x2 pattern creates a busy ceiling plane Light levels are appropriate ~40fc on task plane Feels institutional
Cafeteria Schematic Redesign: Intent: To create a connection with the outdoors Picnic Lunch Introduction of daylight through skylight wells Answer problems with direct daylight penetration with shielding techniques Skylight wells with lightly diffuse insulated glass Enlarge and extend clearstories Fixtures: Indirect/direct wall mounted fixtures in skylights and around periphery Lamping: Fluorescent, 4100 K Ballast: Non-dimming electronic
Cafeteria Schematic Redesign: Concept Rendering Skylight wells with lightly diffuse insulated glass Enlarge and extend clearstories Fixtures: Indirect/direct wall mounted fixtures in skylights and around periphery Lamping: Fluorescent, 4100 K Ballast: Non-dimming electronic Introduction of daylight and sky views help create a more relaxing atmosphere; bringing the outdoors inside.
Media Center One room, many functions
Media Center VDT Usage: Short Term and Long Term
Media Center Reception and circulation desk: Light VDT Usage
Media Center Young Children Instruction: Task Plane 26 above finished floor
Media Center Older Children Instruction: Task Plane 30 above finished floor
Media Center Book Stacks
Media Center Young Children: Story time
Media Center
Media Center Design Criteria No defining architectural features The appearance of this space should be dictated by function Main Tasks: Reading, writing, selection of reading material, white board usage, story time with reading out loud, VDT usage (short term and long), circulation desk Task plane: Varies with task Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Generally- Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and small size: 500 lx (50 fc) Personal Goal: Higher levels than recommended due to the older age of instructors who may be reading outloud or instructing. This room is on the second floor and has glazing facing the northern sky. Daylight integration is a definite possibility Veiling reflections can be an issue for VDT usage in this space
Media Center Current Layout: Luminaires: Indirect/Direct linear pendants 2x4 direct fixture with baffles over circulation desk Lamp: Fluorescent, 3500 CCT Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start Design Issues: No definition of function in the space Ceiling lighting patterns are too chaotic Luminance ratio on ceiling at entrance with VDT usage is above recommended 8:1 Circulation area illumination is too low Blinds are drawn on the north facing windows No daylight usage
Media Center Schematic Redesign: Intent: To visually define the functions of the space To clean up the ceiling patterns Provide appropriate task illumination while avoiding glare problems To introduce usable daylight into the space via a rectangular skylight Introduce ceiling height changes to differentiate functional areas Rectangular skylight above central stack area Fixtures: Direct/Indirect fixtures Down lighting Wall washing Direct recessed VDT cut-off fixtures Lamping: Fluorescent, 3500 CCT Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start
Media Center Schematic Redesign: Defining Functional Areas and new ceiling heights General stack areas and reading
Media Center Schematic Redesign: Conceptual layout Rectangular diffuse skylight in this area
Computer Lab
Computer Lab Design Criteria No architectural highlights necessary can be distracting to VDT usage Lighting is function driven Main Task: VDT usage with horizontal glazing Whiteboard usage Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and large size: 300lx (30fc) White board and work desks at front of room Low illuminance levels at VDT screens Personal Goal: To provide enough illuminance for light writing tasks at the computer work stations while avoiding veiling reflections from luminaires Daylight integration will not be considered for this room Veiling reflections are the biggest concern for this room due to the configuration of the computer stations
Computer Lab Current Layout: Luminaires: Direct 2x4 troffers with baffles Lamp: Fluorescent, 3500 Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start Design Issues: Prominent veiling reflection from luminaires Need more indirect lighting or direct lighting with VDT cut-off and proper placement Higher illumination levels needed at different areas in the room
Computer Lab Schematic sketch: Veiling Reflection angle study Conclusion: Entire ceiling plane is an offending zone for any direct lighting
Computer Lab Schematic Redesign: Intent: To maximize productivity by eliminating veiling reflections To provide flexibility in illuminance levels for divided tasks Wall Washing to all walls Under-cabinet lighting Indirect fixtures with glowing bottoms to maintain 8:1 ratio on ceiling Fixtures: Linear wall washers Under-cabinet task lights and white board task light Indirect linear pendant Lamping: Fluorescent, 3500 K Ballast: Dimming electronic in two zones Zone 1 : front of classroom and whiteboard Zone 2 : above computer stations
Computer Lab Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Indirect, diffuse lighting will eliminate all veiling reflections on horizontal surfaces. Two zones of control create flexibility. Wall Washing to all walls Under-cabinet lighting Narrow slot fixtures with very sharp cut-off and baffles for supplemental illumination for writing next to VDT usage Fixtures: Linear wall washers Under-cabinet task lights and white board task light Narrow beam slot fixtures with baffles Lamping: Fluorescent, 3500 K Ballast: Dimming electronic in two zones Zone 1 : front of classroom and whiteboard Zone 2 : above computer stations
Lower Level Corridor
Lower Level Corridor Design Criteria Curving walls and dropped ceilings are architectural features that should be emphasized Main focal points should create a sense of movement by leading people through the corridor. Brightest points shall be the ceilings followed by the walls Main Tasks Circulation for younger grades (K-3rd) Circulation for all students to the auditorium Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Working space with simple visual tasks: 100 lx (10fc) Personal Goal: Higher than recommended due to spill daylight from the sky light over the stair case Daylight integration will not be considered for this space since it is on the lower level and in the center of the building. However, daylight will be an inspiration for the lighting. Reflection of fixtures in the glossy floor should be avoided
Lower Level Corridor Current Layout: Luminaires: Direct 1x4 lensed troffers Compact fluorescent down lights Lamp: Fluorescent, 3500 CCT Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start Design Issues: Similar to upstairs corridor, the ceiling plane is too chaotic The walls have too little illumination Curvy wall is not accented Dropped ceilings are not emphasized Doorways to the auditoriums on east wall are not emphasized Negative reflections from fixtures on floor
Lower Level Corridor Schematic Redesign: Intent: A smooth transition from the heavily daylit upper level to the lower corridor Create the feeling of skylight on the ceiling A clean appearance on the ceiling plane Color accents to create visual interest and stimulate creativity Highlight architectural features Wall brightness secondary to ceiling Indirectly light the corridor Surface to display artwork Fixtures: Linear fluorescent wall washers Asymmetrical cove fixtures LED strips Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000K Colored LED Ballast: Non-dimming electronic
Lower Level Corridor Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Fixtures: Linear fluorescent wall washers Asymmetrical cove fixtures LED strips Lamping: Fluorescent, 6000K to ceiling Fluorescent, 4100 K to walls Colored LED Ballast: Non-dimming electronic High CCT of cove fixtures create the feeling of daylight on the ceiling to help create a smooth transition. In ground LED strips create a sense of playfulness.
Lower Level Corridor Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Fixtures: Linear fluorescent wall washers Asymmetrical cove fixtures LED strips Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000K to ceiling Fluorescent, 4100 K to walls Colored LED Ballast: Non-dimming electronic Walls become the primary light sources with linear wall washers. Ceiling plane is un cluttered. LED strips inlaid into the curvy wall and columns create visual interest.
Kindergarten Classroom
Kindergarten Classroom Design Criteria No architectural features to be highlighted Main focus is on learning and creating a relaxing atmoshpere for students Main Tasks: Reading and writing on children s s desk (26 above finished floor) Reading and writing on teacher s s desk (30 above finished floor) Reading off whiteboard VDT usage Story time with reading out loud Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Generally- Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and small size: 500 0 lx (50 fc) Personal Goal: Higher on teacher s s desk: complaint from current faculty that there is not enough light despite a reading of 60+ footcandles on desk Higher for the children. Recent studies show dramatic improvement t in test results for students with light levels close to 700 lx (70fc) Small amount of daylight integration possible on western wall (northwestern sky) Problems to avoid: veiling reflections on VDT screens and students ts desks, glare from windows, allow for blackout scenarios
Kindergarten Classroom Current Layout: Luminaires: Recessed direct 2x4 lensed troffers Lamp: Fluorescent, 3500 CCT Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start Design Issues: More illumination to walls needed Veiling reflections visible in VDT screens and TV No separation of functions Not enough light for teacher s s desk, so she moved her desk to the rear of the classroom directly under a troffer Institutional feel with adequate light levels (~60fc)
Kindergarten Classroom Schematic Redesign: Intent: Support the learning process by providing increased illumination to the students and instructor Use of a high CCT lamp to mimic daylight despite a northern sky viewing window wall Increase the number of windows and provide automatic shades for shielding and black out A direct system with reflected component will be used for general illumination following the 1:8 ratio for ceiling luminance and VDT screens A task light will be provided for the instructor s s desk Fixtures: Direct Indirect fixture Recessed or pendant mounted Linear Wall Washers Lamping: Fluorescent, 4100 or 3500 for direct/indirect fixtures Fluorescent, 5000 K, for wall washers Ballast: Dimming electronic Electronically controlled shading device
Kindergarten Classroom Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Daylight Increase number of windows on northwestern facing windows Fixtures: Whiteboard task light Indirect/Direct recessed or pendant mounted fixture (not shown) Lamping: Fluorescent, 4100K or 3500 K Ballast: Dimming electronic Electronically controlled shading device More daylight and sky views available with added windows. Cove area created in back to accent change of task. White board task light to provide proper vertical illumination for students.
Kindergarten Classroom Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Fixtures: Asymmetrical cove fixture Blue LED accent to mimic hallway Downlighting to create a more residential feeling Wall washing to provide adequate illumination for displays and reading Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000 K for cove Fluorescent, 4100K or 3500 K Ballast: Dimming electronic Using an architectural feature (change in ceiling height) to accent a designated task (story time). Helps create visual interest in the room.
Kindergarten Classroom Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Fixtures: Linear Wall Washer Lamping: Fluorescent, 4100K or 3500 K Ballast: Electronic, Non-dimming Bringing light to the walls makes the room feel more spacious and brighter
Auditorium
Auditorium Design Criteria Height of the space, over 20,, should be emphasized along with the changes in color and textures along the walls Main focal point is the stage, however, more illumination should be provided in audience prior to performance or presentation for supervision purposes. Main Task: Congregation Task Plane laps of viewers: ~26 above finished floor Target illuminance From Figure 10-9 9 of IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9 th ed: Simple orientation for short visits: 50 lx (5 fc) Working space with simple visual tasks: 100 lx (10fc) Personal Goal: Higher than 5fc or 10fc to provide adequate illumination for instructors to supervise children upon entering and leaving the auditorium Daylight integration not necessary due to central location of building Glare problems may arise from direct view of fixtures
Auditorium Current Layout: Luminaires: 8 inch compact fluorescent downlights spaced over 14 feet apart with a wide distribution Lamp: Fluorescent, 3500K Ballast: Non-dimming electronic, instant start Design Issues: The lack of light to the ceiling dwarfs the space and gives it a cave like appearance. Lighting is way too dim despite the adequate light level of 10 fc. Atmosphere is very tense and uninviting
Auditorium Schematic Redesign: Intent: Light to the higher reflectance paint on the upper portion of the walls (80%) Indirect lighting to the ceiling with 6000K Mimic sylight Use direct downlights for facial rendering over the audience Accent uplights around perimeter to emphasize texture of brick at lower portion of wall Create a more welcoming place for visitors All lighting will be on dimmer control Fixtures: Asymmetrical fluorescent cove fixture Compact fluorescent downlight with flood distribution Metal Halide wall washers for perimeter Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000K for cove Fluorescent, 4100 or 3500K for downlights Metal halide for wall washers Ballast: Dimming, electronic
Auditorium Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketches To Understand the Architecture
Auditorium Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketches Create architectural detail in ceiling Create coves for indirect lighting Fixtures: Asymmetrical Cove fixture Compact Fluorescent Downlight with flood distribution Metal Halide wall washers for perimeter Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000K for cove Fluorescent, 4100 or 3500K for downlights Metal halide for wall washers Ballast: Dimming, electronic
Auditorium Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Fixtures: Asymmetrical fluorescent cove fixture Compact fluorescent downlight with flood distribution Metal Halide wall washers for perimeter Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000K for cove Fluorescent, 4100 or 3500K for downlights Metal halide for wall washers Ballast: Dimming, electronic Space feels open, airy, and inviting Indirect lighting with high CCT mimics daylight and gives the impression of a sky above
Auditorium Schematic Redesign: Concept Sketch Fixtures: Asymmetrical fluorescent cove fixture Compact fluorescent downlight with flood distribution Metal Halide wall washers for perimeter Lamping: Fluorescent, 5000K for cove Fluorescent, 4100 or 3500K for downlights Metal halide for wall washers Ballast: Dimming, electronic Adding illumination to walls helps to widen the space, helping eliminate the cave-like feeling from before.
Conclusion Human Factors My designs have addressed improving human factors such as visual comfort in kindergarten classroom, media center, and computer lab mood and atmosphere in the auditorium and corridors task performance in every space discussed
Conclusion Economic & Environment Factors With my designs, I also take into account economic and environment factors such as: Maintenance I have tried to be consistent with fixtures, reusing same fixtures throughout the building Less than 10 different types of fixtures with many sharing the same lamping Energy By incorporating daylight into the Lord Stirling Community school, light levels and atmosphere will be greatly improved without the use of more energy I predict energy consumption to drop with the added daylighting
Conclusion Architectural Factors A major goal of my lighting design is to complement the architecture By accenting existing architectural features and creating a few more of my own, my designs help to create a more visually interesting spaces with a style that speaks of more than an educational institution