WILDLIFE RESEARCH & REHABILITATION FACILITY NADIA LIPPI

WILDLIFE RESEARCH & REHABILITATION FACILITY NADIA LIPPI

SUBMITTED AS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MAGISTER IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE (PROFESSIONAL) IN THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE NOVEMBER 2004

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EVOKE A SENSE OF TIME AND PLACE IN DESIGN. IT IS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMIC THAT DEVELOPS BETWEEN OLD ARCHITECTURE AND A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH IN REFURBISHMENT, AS WELL AS THE RELATIONSHIP THAT EXISTS BETWEEN HUMAN CREATION AND NATURAL CONDITION. THE DESIGN DRAWS ON THE NEEDS OF HUMANS AND WILDLIFE AS GENERATORS OF SPACE.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS University of Pretoria etd Lippi, N (2005) LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF APPENDICES BRIEFING DOCUMENT INTRODUCTION - a real world problem CLIENT - abstract CONTRACT AGREEMENT - a legal context THESIS - problem statement PROJECT BRIEF - design of a wildlife research and rehabilitation centre FACILITIES AND SERVICES RESEARCH REHABLITATION AND BREEDING STUDENT TRAINING AND EDUCATION PUBLIC SECTOR AND FUND GENERATION BASIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES COMMERSIALISING AND ADVERTISING SITE - selection CONTEXT STUDY CLIENT - University of Pretoria UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA - involved parties FACULTY OF NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL AND WILDLIFE SCIENCES Centre for Wildlife Management FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PARACLINICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY TROPICAL DISEASES VETERINARY WILDLIFE UNIT VETERINARY ACADEMIC HOSPITAL ANIMAL CARE surrounding facilities WILDLIFE facilities in Gauteng DOMESTIC veterinarians and veterinary clinics SITE - physical location LOCATION - site within the Experimental Farm SITE CHOICE SURROUNDING FACILITIES LOCATION - Experimental Farm within Pretoria SITE ACCESS UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS ONDERSTEPOORT CLIMATE SITE - University of Pretoria Research Farm RESEARCH FARM - Historical Background RESEARCH FARM - educational environment RESEARCH FARM - Innovation Hub V IX 001 002 002 002 003 003 004 005 006 006 008 008 008 008 009 010 011 011 012 012 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS University of Pretoria etd Lippi, N (2005) RESEARCH FARM - Wildlife Research and Rehabilitation Centre RESEARCH FARM - visual context of existing structures and landscape PHILOSOPHY - Design PRECEDENT STUDIES HUMAN SPACE - design for human use and animal interface SCOTTISH SEABIRD CENTRE - educational visitors facility ZOO EXHIBIT & RECLAIMATION PROJECT - nature versus artifice DESIGN THESIS INFLUENCE ANIMAL SPACE - design for animal needs and human interface ZOO DEVELOPMENT - design for wildlife DESIGN THESIS INFLUENCE ARCHITECTURE - design approach SAB VISITORS CENTRE - design and restoration for new use BANK HEADQUARTERS, BUDAPEST - design and restoration for new use DESIGN THESIS INFLUENCE DESIGN DISCOURSE DEVELOPMENT - a landscaping design approach DEVELOPMENT - an architectural design approach DESIGN PROCESS - finding a structural aesthetic DESIGN PROCESS - influential form DESIGN PROCESS - zones of interaction and use DESIGN - Wildlife Research and Rehabilitation Facility DESIGN - overview of concept development- DESIGN - experiencing the final product- EXTERNAL IMPRESSION TRANSFORMATION OF THE OLD FARM BUILDING EXPLORING NEW SPACE SYMBOLISM OF COLOUR FUNCTIONAL DESIGN FOR DRAMATIC IMPACT THE AUDITORIUM COMMUNICATING AN IDENTITY METAPHORIC INTERPRETATION RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ELEMENTS LECTURE AND CONFERENCE ROOM STUDENT STUDIO DESIGN INVESTIGATION TREATISE TECHNICAL RESOLUTION design detail ACOUSTICS - sound in the auditorium HVAC - heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system SUSTAINABILITY - response to baseline document SOCIAL CRITERIA occupant comfort SOCIAL CRITERIA participation and control SOCIAL CRITERIA inclusive environments 013 013 015 017 018 018 019 020 020 020 021 022 022 023 023 025 026 027 027 028 029 030 030 031 031 032 034 034 034 035 035 036 039 040 042 043 044 044 044 045 045 046 046 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS University of Pretoria etd Lippi, N (2005) SOCIAL CRITERIA access to facilities SOCIAL CRITERIA education, health and safety ECONOMIC ISSUES local economy ECONOMIC ISSUES efficiency of use ECONOMIC ISSUES adaptability and flexibility ECONOMIC ISSUES ongoing costs ECONOMIC ISSUES capital costs ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - water ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES energy ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES recycling and re-use ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES site ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES materials and components DESIGN DRAWINGS CONCLUSION LIST OF SOURCES APPENDICES 047 047 047 048 048 048 049 049 050 050 050 050 051 087 089 093 iv

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF FIGURES University of Pretoria etd Lippi, N (2005) FIGURE 01. Serval, photo taken at Moholoholo FIGURE 02. Vervet Monkey, photo taken at ART FIGURE 03. Educational Centre at Hoetspruit Cheetah Project FIGURE 04. Centre for Wildlife Management, Experimental Farm FIGURE 05. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort (www.up.ac.za/academic/veterinary) FIGURE 06. Wildlife cages at ART FIGURE 07. Map of Experimental Farm and site FIGURE 08. Plan view of site and surrounding structures FIGURE 09. Aerial view of site and surrounding facilities FIGURE 10. Access to site through sports grounds via South street FIGURE 11. Proximity of the site to U.P. main campus FIGURE 12. Access between Onderstepoort and the Experimental Farm FIGURE 13. Early 20th century views of old stables on Farm (UP archive, JN Bonsma poto album) FIGURE 14. Early 20th century views of old stables on Farm (UP archive, JN Bonsma poto album) FIGURE 15. Innovation Hub Impression (www.itweb.co.za) FIGURE 16. Contour map of site FIGURE 17. Visual access and tree placement on site FIGURE 18. Front view of the main old stable building FIGURE 19. Eastern view of old stable buildings FIGURE 20. Exterior view of stone cattle housing FIGURE 21. Small pavillion to the side of the cattle shelter FIGURE 22. Steel cattle shelter FIGURE 23. Equipment and feed storage shed FIGURE 24. Concrete troughs FIGURE 25. Material hierarchy FIGURE 26. Flying monopitch roof (FRASER 2000:37) FIGURE 27. Streched canvas reflectors (FRASER 2000:38) FIGURE 28. Man-mde bridge in desert landscape (SORVIG 2001:61) FIGURE 29. View over zoo fencing from elevated pathway (SORVIG 2001:61) FIGURE 30. Shelled coastline (MARTON 1997:54) FIGURE 31. Habitat replication of Henry Doorly Zoo (POWELL 1997:81) FIGURE 32. Hoedspruit Cheetah Project Centre, entrance FIGURE 33. Moholoholo, wildlife holdings and display FIGURE 34. SAB Visitors Centre (JAPHA 1998:26) FIGURE 35. Front view of Bank Headquarters (McGUIRE 1995:28) FIGURE 36. Section of Bank Headquarters (McGUIRE 1995:30) FIGURE 37. Wildlife holdings concept sketches FIGURE 38. Wildlife holdings concept sketches FIGURE 39. Gable of the main farm building FIGURE 40. Moulded rectangular spaces of new construction FIGURE 41. Existing axis with track mark FIGURE 42. Visual of building along new movement axis FIGURE 43. New axes 002 003 004 006 007 008 009 009 010 010 010 011 011 011 012 013 013 014 014 014 014 015 015 015 015 018 018 019 019 020 021 022 022 022 023 023 026 026 027 028 028 028 028 vi

LIST OF FIGURES University of Pretoria etd Lippi, N (2005) FIGURE 44. Access zones and movement of the wildlife FIGURE 45. Concept - entrance at side of building, defined by ramp FIGURE 46. Arched entrance to main building FIGURE 47. Concept - auditorim cut in behind retaining wall FIGURE 48. Concept - shift of ramp and auditorium FIGURE 49. Movement diagram FIGURE 50. Cluster of Pine Trees FIGURE 51. Perspective of exterior of building FIGURE 52. Concrete columns and beams as seen from outside FIGURE 53. Steel cocopan track as seen from end of building FIGURE 54. Stone retaining wall behind main building FIGURE 55. Floating glass boxes FIGURE 56. Ramp inside building interior FIGURE 57. Placement of colour FIGURE 58. Door concepts FIGURE 59. Perspective view into auditorium FIGURE 60. Stone of old retaining wall FIGURE 61. Perspective of stairs and stage FIGURE 62. Contour wall lighting FIGURE 63. Inside auditorium, walls become one with stage FIGURE 64. Joining detail of stage and wall FIGURE 65. Wall detail and I-beam connection FIGURE 66. View inside auditorium of crevice light spilling onto doors FIGURE 67. Movement in auditorium after rotation FIGURE 68. Movement in auditorium before rotation FIGURE 69. Steel seating structure FIGURE 70. Chairs attached to seating surface FIGURE 71. Stair illumination FIGURE 72. Pivoting doors between lecture room and auditorium FIGURE 73. Ventilation grill detail FIGURE 74. Airflow diagram FIGURE 75. Adjustable louvres used together with corrugated iron FIGURE 76. Stair perspective detail FIGURE 77. Swivel doors FIGURE 78. Window system by Kahn FIGURE 79. Sliding window/handrail concept FIGURE 80. Airflow diagram FIGURE 81. Inside of silo FIGURE 82. Acoustic reflection FIGURE 83. Small, high window of main building FIGURE 84. Ventilation fan, existing architecture FIGURE 85. Site example of proposed material use FIGURE 86. Area between retaining wall and back wall of building FIGURE 87. Calf holding vii FIGURE 88. Southe end site structures 029 030 030 030 030 031 031 031 032 032 032 033 033 034 034 034 035 035 036 036 036 037 037 037 037 038 038 038 039 039 039 040 040 041 041 041 041 042 044 045 046 047 048 049 050

LIST OF APPENDICES

LIST OF APPENDICES University of Pretoria etd Lippi, N (2005) APPENDIX A DETAIL INFORMATION briefing document & context study CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT - a legal context SITE - identification USER PROFILES requirements of the Facility UP STAFF AND STUDENTS PHARMACEUTICAL EMPOLYEES LABOUR FORCE VISITORS APPENDIX B BASELINE STUDY setting sustainable goals SOCIAL CRITERIA occupant comfort SOCIAL CRITERIA participation and control SOCIAL CRITERIA inclusive environments SOCIAL CRITERIA access to facilities SOCIAL CRITERIA education, health and safety ECONOMIC ISSUES local economy ECONOMIC ISSUES efficiency of use ECONOMIC ISSUES adaptability and flexibility ECONOMIC ISSUES ongoing costs ECONOMIC ISSUES capital costs ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - water ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES energy ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES recycling and re-use ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES site ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES materials and components APPENDIX C SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION - regulations SABS 0400 regulations applied 094 094 094 094 095 097 098 098 098 098 098 098 100 100 100 101 102 103 x

TO ALL WHOSE INFLUENCE MADE THE PAST FIVE YEARS POSSIBLE NICO, AN INSPIRATION MY FAMILY FOR THEIR CONSTANT LOVE AND SUPPORT KYLE FOR ALWAYS BEING THERE MY FRIENDS FOR ALL THE MEMORIES