Technical Article Here Comes the Sun!!! Construction of solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems!! What calls the standard DIN VDE 0100-712 for the construction of solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems? Appliance standards 712.511.1 PV modules shall comply with the requirements of the relevant equipment standards, eg with DIN EN 61215 for crystalline PV modules. If excess STC1 UOC) DC 120 V, it is recommended to use preferably photovoltaic modules with protection class II or equivalent insulation. PV- (part) generator junction box, PV generator junction box and cabinets must comply with DIN EN 60439-1 (VDE match 0600-500). 712.536.2.2.5.1 All junction boxes (PV generator junction box and PV sub-generator terminal box) must be provided with a warning that active components are in the junction boxes after your separation from the PV inverters under tension. Protective 712.312.2 grounding of one of the active conductor on the DC is allowed, if at least simple isolation exists between the AC and the DC. Note: Each connection to the earth on the DC should be carried out electrically, so that corrosion is avoided. 712.413.2 protection through the use of protective class II or equivalent insulation should be preferred on the DC Cabling 712.522.8.1-strand PV, PV-generator and part PV-DC-(Main Cable / Hose Lines ) must be selected and constructed that the risk of a ground fault or short circuit is reduced to a minimum in such a manner. Note, this can be achieved by strengthening the protection for the cable wires or cable systems against external influences by use of single conductor. 712.433.1 in Overload Protection for PV can be managed and PV-(Sub-generator / cable lines) tripped when the continuous current carrying capacity of the cable or pipe is equal to or greater than the 1.25 times the value of ISC STC3) in any location. 712.433.2 Protection overload may be for PV dc main cable / lines omitted when the continuous current-loading capability of the cable or pipe is equal to or greater than the 1.25 times the value of STC3 ISC) of the PV generator. 712.444.4.4 In order to reduce tension caused by lightning strikes, you need the area of all conductive loops as small as possible. 1) UOC STC = no-load voltage under standard test conditions 2) Simple separation = separation between two circuits or between a circuit and earth by basic insulation 3) ISC STC = Short-circuit current under standard test conditions Excerpts from DIN VDE 0100-712 (VDE 0100-712) 2006-06 for the notified 292,009 limited edition reproduced with the permission of DIN German Institute for Standardization and the VDE Association for Electrical, Electronic Information Technology. For further representations or conditions, a separate permit is required. Decisive for the application of norms of which are versions with the latest issue date, the VDE VERLAG GMBH. Bismarckstr. 33, 10625 Berlin, and the Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstr. 6, 10787 Berlin are available. Selection of a Suitable Housing / Enclosure system Material: Thermoplastic System dependent Ambient Ambient temperature of the enclosure / housing: - 25 C to + 35 C, max. + 40 C, Humidity: 50% at 40 C, 100% at 25 C List The enclosures are suitable for mounting outdoors. There are, however, the climatic input and To observe effects on the equipment. Isolation totally insulated housing (protection class: II) Impact resistance Degree of protection IK 08 for mechanical stress (5 joules) to DIN EN 50 102 Foreign body and Contact protection dustproof, protection: IP 65 Water Water jets ( 65 bar ), protection: IP 65 April 2010 PURCHASE 47
Material dependent Flammability Temperature resistance UV resistance Chemical Resistance Toxicity Corrosion resistance Glow wire 960 C according to IEC 60 695-2-11, even extinguishing, flame retardant -40 C to + 120 C The material is tested for UV resistance and thus be used in direct sunlight in of outdoor use. Resistance to 10% acids and 10% Alkalis, petrol and oil Free of silicone and halogen weather-resistant from strains such as rain, ice and snow Outdoor enclosureswith a high degree of protection? IP 54, since the temperature adjustment that is carried out from inside to outside is too low due to the high density of the enclosure and its material. The enclosures are suitable for use in outdoor environment. The material used for the housing system should be generally UVresistant in order to prevent any property degradation and reduction of the mechanical strength due to the UV exposure received. Due to the direct sunlight and the resulting loss of heat in the housing inside the enclosure can be heated too much. Also lower temperatures below -5 C,also can affect the device technology. Therefore, the climatic inputs are very important as they have to be accounted for any impacts on device technology. The top of the enclosures needs to be always protected by cover so as to prevent it from weather-related stresses such as rain, ice and snow. In addition, when selecting the mounting location, apart from the IP protection, one has to also consider the climatic influences that may damage the system device through chemical influences. To comply with the maximum permissible ambient temperature of the mounted devices and to prevent condensation if necessary, additional measures such as are Ventilation flanges or ventilators are required for the enclosures.( Note : In case of Hensel Enclosures, for the outdoor applications, cable entry and ventilation Hensel-Combi ventilation pipe (KBM) are used (see Accessories). Condensation and Countermeasures The problem of condensed water forming in electrical installations only occurs in As condensation arises in cases with high protection? The internal temperature is higher than the external temperature due to the power dissipation of the built in devices. The warm indoor air has a tendency to accumulate moisture. This comes from the outside through the sealing area, because housing is not air-tight or gas tight. By cooling the system, for example by switching off the consumer, the internal temperature drops. The cooler air emits moisture, which is collected as condensed water on the cooling inner surfaces of the housing. Condensation with installations in rooms: At most likely in areas where high humidity 48 PURCHASE April 2010
and large temperature changes, eg in laundries, food establishments, car washes, etc. Condensation with protected or unprotected outdoor installations: Here condensed water can be formed dependant on the weather, high air humidity, direct sunlight and temperature differences compared to the wall. EMC-compliant Busbar When PV generator cables are protected against surges, it will further protect the PV supply cables from the onward surges. Solar powered by Hensel The photovoltaic market will grow significantly in coming years - more and more investors and homeowners rely on the highly profitable electricity from solar power. With our innovative ENYSUN distribution system for photovoltaic systems, we support you in the development of this market. ENYSUN is a high quality, modular system that generates you additional revenue potential in the growth market of photovoltaics. Take advantage of a system that offers clear competitive advantages in the market and you can rely on the permanent solutions Photovoltaic solutions from Hensel As an innovative developer and manufacturer of high quality Electrical and distribution systems Hensel provides integrated solutions for easy and professional installation of photovoltaic systems. Based on the experience and expertise of more than 75years, Hensel has now developed specifically for this market segment, the innovative ENYSUN. The N-busbar have the same current capacity as the outer conductor. Thus, the busbars for harmonics that are generated by the inverter, and allowed negative phase sequence The main busbar system defaults to the N / PEN-conductor in the outer conductor Lightning and surge protection In principle, the construction of photovoltaic installations on the lightning and surge protection are respected, regardless of whether the plant is mounted on a building roof, or is designed as open space system. When necessary for the facility is no lightning or a roof assembly, the building does not require an external lightning protection, so a coordinated surge protection device (Surge Arrestor) should be installed. Hensel brings to you Enysun, an innovative and intelligent technology for fast, easy and safe installation of Photo voltaic systems which complies to the standard DIN VDE 0100-712. You can get more information on Enysun on our official website www.enysun.eu. Hensel offers a complete range for the installation of photovoltaic systems as a single source. April 2010 PURCHASE 49
Technical article Lead Free Soldering Modern technology has powered ahead with a new ruling that dictates Lead Free Soldering. Soldering Stations from Sumitron are well versed in this technology. Before getting into the details of various soldering stations available from SUMITRON, we need to know what a soldering station is in the first place. A soldering station which is usually temperature-controlled is a unit that is used mainly for soldering electronic components. The equipment that is used to apply the required heat to metal parts that are to be fused together is a soldering iron, which normally comes with the soldering station. This piece of equipment enables the solder to move smoothly between the metallic surfaces, so that they are bound strongly and hermetically. The soldering irons on a soldering station can be different, depending upon whether the iron is being used for leadbased or lead-free solders, both of which use varying temperatures, with leadfree soldering requiring a much higher temperature. Although many different forms of temperature control are used, the most basic of all is a variable control, which is just like a dimmer switch on a light. The thermostat is also another method, which sits inside the tip of the soldering gun. The Curie point is a name given to a method where magnetized soldering tips are used. These work in such a way that it loses its magnetic properties when a certain temperature is reached. For as long as the tip is magnetic, it sticks to the heating element, and then loses contact when cooling down. Currently, the most advanced soldering tools are digital irons. The temperature on these is controlled by a complex microprocessor within the soldering station. This works by the microprocessor monitoring what is known as a thermocouple within the tip of the gun. Where soldering is required in inconvenient places like cars and small, hard to reach delicate areas prevent the use of a soldering station due to its size. So to help with situations like these, a pistol shaped 50 PURCHASE April 2010
soldering tool has a trigger which is not too dissimilar to a firing gun or drill, in order to make it possible to use with one hand and to reach awkward places. The gun uses a tinbased solder for maximum conductive contact. Most modern guns also come with fast switches that let the gun cool down quickly, so that it can be put down in a matter of seconds and help prevent any potential fire damage. In most occasions, Soldering stations are mostly used in manufacturing or servicing workshops. They usually consist of an electric mains power supply, a soldering iron and a bench stand. Prices for soldering stations can vary largely, with the cost of replacement tips at a similar proportion. One of the world s leading brands at the moment is Hakko. Various soldering stations available from SUMITRON are FX-838, FX-888, FX-951 of the most reputed Japanese brand, HAKKO. FX-838 Hakko FX-838 is a digital high power soldering station suitable for soldering large to fine components. It allows soldering at lower set temperatures thus reducing the risk of the damage of heat sensitive chips & work pieces. This also helps in reducing the oxidation of the soldering tips. It operates at a max. temp. of 5000 C. This helps in soldering power supply boards easily because high power 150W hand piece can provide great thermal recovery. High power but safety design of low voltage. This unit has not only high power but also low output voltage (27V), which is lower than the world safety output voltage of 30V. FX-888 Hakko FX-888 is a high performance soldering station comes in Ultra compact size. Its temperature controller achieves 3 factors such as space saving, good maintainability, safety & stability. The temperature control knob can be locked to prevent the setting temperature from changing during work. Three types of cleaning methods are available in one iron holder using a cleaning sponge, cleaning wire & rubber cleaner. The detachable waste holder at the bottom of the iron holder helps to dispose off the waste easily. FX-951 Hakko FX 951 ESD safe temperature controlled digital soldering station from Hakko Corporation, Japan is most suitable for lead free soldering. It comes with soldering iron FM 2025. The soldering station comes with composite tip. The composite tip is a soldering tip in which a heating element and sensor are integrated with ceramic. Despite its highly compact design, the tip offers superior thermal responsivity and greatly improved thermal recovery. 84 variations of HAKKO Tips accommodate various types of soldering from IC modifications to soldering to power sections. The portrait-style compact design is wellsuited to cell line soldering. Hakko FX 951 has control card for locking the preset temperature. Digital offset makes temperature correction easy. It is also capable of lower limit temperature setting. Excellent thermal recovery allows soldering with lower preset temperature. This feature makes it useful for lead free soldering which requires high melting temperature. At SUMITRON we offer Soldering/ Desoldering Stations, tools, equipments and aids for the need of one and all. Contact : SUMITRON EXPORTS PVT LTD. 27, Community Centre, Naraina, Phase 1 New Delhi 110 028 Phone: 91-11-41410631-32-33-34-35 Fax No.: 91-11-41410494/25891761 E-Mail:sumitron@vsnl.com, sumitron@airtelmail.in Website: - www.sumitron.com April 2010 PURCHASE 51