Ž. Fitoterpi 72 2001 487491 Anti-inflmmtory nd nti-ulcer ctivity of Clligonum comosum in rts X.M. Liu, M.N.M. Zkri, M.W. Islm, R. Rdhkrishnn, A. Ismil, H.B. Chen, K. Chn, A. Al-Atts Deprtment of Phrmcology nd Toxicology, Zyed Complex for Herbl Reserch &Trditionl Medicine, Ministry of Helth, 29300 Abu Dhbi, United Arb Emirtes Received 5 September 2000; ccepted in revised form 8 Jnury 2001 Abstrct The 10% ethnol extrct of the eril prts of Clligonum comosum Ž 50 mgkg, i.p.. significntly reduced the increse in hind pw oedem induced by crrgeenn in rts. Following sub-cute orl dministrtion of the extrct Ž 50 nd 100 mgkg, dily for 14 dys., significnt nti-inflmmtory ctivity in the cotton pellet model ws observed. Pre-tretment with the extrct Ž 100, 200 nd mgkg. produced significnt nd dose-dependent inhibition to the cute gstric ulcers induced by phenylbutzone, indomethcin, 0.2 N NOH nd 80% ethnol. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Clligonum comosum; Anti-inflmmtory ctivity; Antiulcer ctivity 1. Introduction Clligonum comosum Ž L.. Hert. Ž Polygoncee., shrub distributed throughout Arbi nd growing in sndy deserts, is used by the locl helers to tret stomch ilments; the stems nd leves re chewed for curing toothche 1. Another Clligonum species, C. mongolicum Turcz is used to tret urinry trct infections nd skin lesions in Chin 2. The im of the present investigtion ws to evlute the possible nti-inflmmtory nd nti-ulcer ctivity of C. comosum eril prts. Corresponding uthor. Tel.: 971-26221832; fx: 971-25036919. Ž. E-mil ddress: liuxm@emirtes.net.e X.M. Liu. 0367-326X01$ - see front mtter 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Ž. PII: S 0 3 6 7-3 2 6 X 0 1 0 0 2 7 1-4
488 ( ) X.M. Liu et l. Fitoterpi 72 2001 487491 2. Experimentl 2.1. Plnt mteril Fresh eril prts Ž stems nd leves. of C. comosum were collected from Al Ain, Abu Dhbi Emirtes, in August 1997 nd identified by the Deprtment of Ethnobotny, Zyed Complex for Herbl Reserch & Trditionl Medicine Ž ZCRHTM. where specimen Ž SEV 1141. ws deposited for reference. 2.2. Preprtion of extrct Shde-dried nd powdered plnt ws Soxhlet extrcted with 10% EtOH ŽDeprt- ment of Phytochemistry, ZCRHTM. to fford the dry extrct Ž yield: 32%., shown to contin flvonoids Ž quercitine, kemferol nd nringeenin., lupeol, nd sitosterol using TLC nd BPLC techniques 3. The extrct ws dissolved in distilled wter for phrmcologicl experiments. 2.3. Animls Wistr rts of either sex, weighing 200250 g, provided by the Life Science Support Unit, ZCRHRTM, were used. Animls were mintined under stndrd environmentl conditions nd hd free ccess to stndrd rodent feed nd wter. Experiments were performed in ccordnce with the current guidelines for the cre of lbortory nimls nd the ethicl guidelines for the investigtion of experimentl pin in conscious nimls 4. 2.4. Anti-inflmmtory ctiity 2.4.1. Crrgeenn-induced pw oedem Inflmmtion ws induced by injecting 0.05 ml of 1% crrgeenn sodium slt Ž Sigm. subcutneously in the sub-plntr region of the rt right hind pw ccording to Winter et l. 5. The C. comosum extrct Ž 50, 100, 200 or mgkg. ws dministered intrperitonelly, 30 min before crrgeenn injection while control group received sline Ž 10 mlkg, i.p... The hind pw volume ws mesured plethysmometriclly before nd fter the crrgeenn injection, t hourly intervls for 6 h nd then t 24 h. 2.4.2. Cotton pellet grnulom A 50-mg sterilised cotton pellet ws implnted subcutneously on the bck of neck in rts under ether nesthesi 6. Animls in treted groups received the extrct Ž 50100 mgkg, p.o.., once dily for 14 consecutive dys. Animls in the control group received only the vehicle Ž 10 mlkg, i.p... Diclofenc sodium Ž4 mgkg, i.p.. ws given s reference drug in fourth group. On the 14th dy, the nimls were scrificed with ether, the pellets grnulom were removed, freed from extrneous tissue, dried overnight t 55 0.5C, nd weighed.
( ) X.M. Liu et l. Fitoterpi 72 2001 487491 489 2.5. Anti-ulcer ctiity Gstric ulcertion, ccording to the method described by Al-Shbnh 7, ws induced in 36-h fsted rts by the dministrtion of ulcerogenic drugs, phenylbutzone Ž 200 mgkg, p.o.. or indomethcin Ž 30 mgkg, p.o.., or necrotizing gents, 0.2 N NOH or 80% EtOH Ž both t 5 mlkg, p.o... Groups of 10 nimls ech were pre-treted with C. comosus extrct Ž 100, 200 or mgkg, i.p.. 1 h before the ulcerogenic procedures. The nimls were killed 6 h fter ulcerogenic drugs or 1 h fter the dministrtion of necrotizing gents by n overdose of ether. The stomchs were removed nd opened long the greter curvture of stomch; the ulcer index ws evluted ccording to severity nd scored using n rbitrry scle: 0 no visible ulcers; 1 petechil hemorrhge or minute pin point ulcers; 2 one or two smll ulcers; 3 more thn two ulcers, minly with few lrge ulcers; 4.0 more thn two ulcers, with minly lrge ulcers. 2.6. Sttisticl nlysis Student s t-test ws used to verify the sttisticl significnce t P 0.05. 3. Results nd discussion The 10% ethnol extrct of C. comosum eril prts Ž 50 mgkg, i.p.. significntly reduced the increse in hind pw oedem induced by crrgeenn, with effects strting 1 h fter crrgeenn nd lsting for 24 h Ž Tble 1.. The sub-cute orl tretment with C. comosum extrct, t both the doses used Tble 1 Effect of 10% ethnol extrct of C. comosum eril prts on crrgeenn-induced pw oedem in rts Tretment Dose Percentge of hind pw oedem t time Ž h. fter crrgeenn Žmgkg, 0 1 2 4 6 24 i.p.. Control 100.00 168.70 209.50 209.40 214.50 179.80 Žwter, 10 3.04 5.58 6.74 6.04 6.14 7.18 mlkg, i.p.. C. comosum 50 100.00 117.30 133.40 148.60 157.90 124.40 4.85 2.90 2.80 4.20 5.34 2.50 100 100.00 112.50 122.70 135.90 137.10 114.30 4.59 1.90 3.80 2.80 2.70 2.20 200 100.00 112.00 113.20 115.80 108.90 122.00 6.14 3.00 4.60 7.20 6.10 4.50 100.00 107.80 116.10 113.70 111.60 110.30 3.77 1.10 1.60 3.70 4.30 4.60 Vlues re men S.E. Ž n 8.. P 0.05 vs. control; Student s t-test.
490 ( ) X.M. Liu et l. Fitoterpi 72 2001 487491 Tble 2 Effect of 10% ethnol extrct of C. comosum eril prts on cotton pellet grnulom in rts Tretment Dose Ž mgkg. Percentge increse of cotton pellet weight Control 122.5 17.30 Žwter, 10 mlkg, p.o. for 14 dys. C. comosum 50 Ž p.o.. 14 dys 65.1 8.98 100 Ž p.o.. 14 dys 33.1 4.50 Diclofenc sodium 4 Ž i.p.., once 42.9 4.68 Vlues Ž 100 finl weightinitil weight. re men S.E. Ž n 8;. P 0.05 vs. control; Student s t-test. Ž 50 nd 100 mgkg, for 14 consecutive dys., significntly reduced the increse in weights of the cotton pellet, compred with the control group Ž Tble 2.. Pre-tretment with C. comosum extrct Ž 200 mgkg, p.o.. produced significnt nd dose-dependent decrese in the intensity of gstric mucosl dmges induced by ulcerogenic drugs Ž phenylbutzone, indomethcin. nd necrotizing gents Ž 0.2 N NOH, 80% EtOH. Ž Tble 3.. Tble 3 Effect of 10% ethnol extrct of C. comosum eril prts on gstric ulcers induced by ulcerogenic drugs nd necrotizing gents in rts Tretment Dose Ulcer index Inhibition Ž mgkg, p.o.. Ž %. Phenylbutzone Ž 200 mgkg, p.o.. Control Ž wter, 10 mlkg, p.o.. 3.67 0.14 C. comosum 100 1.50 0.34 56.4 200 0.80 0.49 76.7 0.67 0.42 80.5 Indomethcin Ž 30 mgkg, p.o.. Control Ž wter, 10 mlkg, p.o.. 3.44 0.17 C. comosum 100 1.33 0.71 63.8 200 1.50 0.56 59.1 0.33 0.33 91.0 0.2 N NOH Ž 5 mlkg, p.o.. Control Ž wter, 10 mlkg, p.o.. 3.83 0.17 C. comosum 200 3.67 0.21 42.0 0.83 0.40 78.3 80% Ethnol Ž 5 mlkg, p.o.. Control Ž wter, 10 mlkg, p.o.. 3.88 0.12 C. comosum 200 1.67 0.49 57.0 1.33 0.61 65.7 Vlues re men S.E. Ž n 8;. P 0.05 vs. control; Student s t-test.
( ) X.M. Liu et l. Fitoterpi 72 2001 487491 491 The results of the present study show tht the 10% ethnolic extrct of C. comosum eril prts possesses nti-inflmmtory properties, demonstrted following single intrperitonel dministrtion Žcrrgeenn-induced hind pw oedem. nd repeted orl dministrtion Ž cotton pellet grnulom.. Moreover, the tested extrct hs shown significnt nti-ulcer nd cytoprotective effects ginst gstric ulcers experimentlly induced by non-steroidl nti-inflmmtory drugs nd necrotizing gents. Further studies re needed to elucidte the mode of ction nd better evlute the potentil therpeutic vlue in the tretment of C. comosum eril prts. Acknowledgements We wnt to thnk Dr F.C. Ahmd, S. Smuel nd Dr M. Kmil for detecting chemicl components of C. comosum, nd Dr Nssr for providing nd identifying the plnt. References 1 Ghznfr SA. Hndbook of Arbin medicinl plnts. CRC Press, 1994. 2 The Compiltion Group of Trditionl Chinese Medicine. The Compiltion of Chinese Medicinl Herbs. Beijing: People s Helth Press, 1986. 3 Kmil M, Jyrj AF, Ahmd FC, Gunsekhr C, Smuel S, Hbibullh M, Chn K, J Phrm Phrmcol 2000; 52 Ž suppl.: 262. 4 Zimmermnn M. Pin 1983;16:109. 5 Winter CA, Risley EA, Muss GW. Proc Soc Expl Biol Med 1962;111:544. 6 Goldstein S, Shemnop I, Demeo R, Beiler JM. Arch Int Phrmcodyn Ther 1967;165:39. 7 Al-Shbnh OA. Food Chem Toxicol 1997;35:769.