Distribution Control Center Operator Training OnlineTraining 15-Hour Course COURSE I BASIC DISTRIBUTION 1. Introduction to Distribution Systems a. Terminology b. Basic electricity and Ohm s Law c. BES distribution overview 2. Distribution Design and Resource Planning a. Regulatory requirements (NEC, NESC, etc.) b. Electrical drawings c. Feeder drawings d. Distribution planning e. Integrated resource planning 3. Distribution Equipment a. Substation: transformers, regulators, breakers, reclosers, air switches, capacitors, and reactors b. Distribution feeders: radial, loop, wye, delta, one-phase, and three-phase services c. Overhead primary: poles, grounding methods, conductors, and insulators d. Underground primary: transition structures, cables, elbows, and splices e. Padmount transformers, reclosers, and switches 4. Distribution Protection a. Faults b. Instrument transformers (PTs, CTs, and CCVTs) c. Protection equipment: DC control circuits, solid and electromechanical relays d. Electronic and hydraulic reclosers e. Coordination: fuses, breakers, reclosers, and sectionalizers About SOS Intl: Headquartered in Charlotte, N.C., SOS Intl is a leading provider of training and advisory services to the power industry. Founded by CEO Rocky Sease, SOS rigorously tracks and interprets NERC Reliability Standards and expertly translates them into customized education and advisory services, helping to manage risk and ensure reliability for the North American power grid. SOS offers NERC system operator certification, classroom and online courses, accompanied by sophisticated computer simulation. Since 2002, SOS has provided NERC-approved continuing education and advisory services to thousands of employees of the Bulk Electric System across the United States and Canada. All training is designed using the latest systematic approach to training, as required by NERC. 10715 Sikes Place, Charlotte NC 28277 877.767.4685 Melanie Payne : 704.815.7906 : melanie.payne @ sosintl.com Lori Burk : 704.815.7907 : lori.burk @ sosintl.com Kathy Cross : 704.815.7909 : kathy.cross @ sosintl.com SOS Intl. and NERC ID SOS_INTL_001 is recognized by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation as a continuing education provider who adheres to NERC Continuing Education Program Criteria.
5. Overvoltage Protection a. Lightning characteristics, arresters, and coordination b. Basic Insulation Levels (BIL) c. Protection margins d. Arrester selection 6. SCADA and EMS a. SCADA and RTUs b. Sensors and transducers c. Scale factors d. Energy Management Systems (EMS) e. Distribution control centers f. Utility telecommunications 7. Service Entrance Equipment a. Residential service entrance equipment b. Household wiring c. Industrial three-phase service equipment d. Secondary and primary metering 8. Normal Operations Distribution a. Normal operating conditions b. Voltage control c. Optimal capacitor placement d. Situational awareness 9. Emergency Operations Distribution a. Storm damage and other major natural disturbances b. Managing abnormal conditions c. Emergency load transfers d. Restoration procedures e. Prevention techniques COURSE II ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION CONCEPTS 10. Distribution Reliability a. Service reliability indices (SAIDI, SAIFI, etc.) b. Methods to improve service reliability c. System reliability through telecommunications technologies Secondary and spot networks
11. Power Quality a. Power quality issues b. Reduced motor starting overview c. Transformer bank connections and issues d. Transformer bank polarity and troubleshooting e. Stray voltages and currents f. Ferroresonance g. Radio/television interference h. Standby generation and uninterruptible power supplies 12. Planned Maintenance and Test Equipment a. Facility inspections b. Infrared c. Dissolved gas analysis d. Test equipment 13. Smart Grid Systems a. Distributed generation b. Energy storage c. Microgrids d. Smart distribution substations e. Smart devices f. Distribution automation g. Distribution management systems h. Advanced metering infrastructure i. Customer services and information management systems j. Smart homes/buildings and demand side management k. Security and access control l. Demand side load management m. Special communications systems for smart grids n. Trending technologies COURSE III ELECTRICAL SAFETY 14. Regulatory and Grounding Design Concepts a. Overview of applicable codes (NEC, NESC, OSHA) b. Substation and facility grounding c. Power faults d. Fault current distribution
15. Effects of Accidental Energization a. Accidental energization b. Ground potential rise c. Zone of Influences d. Touch and step potentials e. Human vulnerability 16. Personal Protection a. Conduction vs isolation b. Personal protection equipment c. Hot sticks d. Equipotential grounding of overhead facilities 17. Underground Safety a. Concerns for underground safety b. Ground potential rise of underground equipment c. Touch and step potentials of underground equipment d. Equipotential grounding of underground facilities 18. Testing Personal Protection Equipment a. Isolation protection equipment b. Conduction protection equipment 19. Arc Flash Analysis and Safety Equipment a. Regulator requirements b. Arc flash protective equipment 20. Switching Practices a. Terminology b. Switching and coordination COURSE IV FUNDAMENTALS OF SYSTEM PROTECTION 21. General Relay Operations a. Primary purpose of protective relays b. Elements for correct relay performance c. Relay types and unique attributes 22. Relay Categories and Input a. Major relay categories b. Power system components providing input to relays c. Relay operations
23. Auxiliary Relays a. Red flag and indications meanings b. Different types of auxiliary relays c. Sync check relay 24. Fault Analysis a. Graphical representations of voltage, current, power vectors, and phasors b. Rotational symmetrical components: positive, negative, and zero sequence c. Unique attributes of wye and delta configurations d. Neutral fault current properties 25. Relay Coordination and Back-up Protection a. Relay coordination communication mediums b. Procedures for various relay coordination methods c. Redundant and back-up relaying differences 26. Remedial Action Schemes a. Local-based protection systems b. RAS triggers and actions c. RAS limitations d. Synchrophasors e. RAS installation concerns for system operators 27. Breaker Operations a. Arc quenching mechanisms b. Circuit breaker classifications c. Contact positions in circuit breakers d. Breaker operation power supplies e. Close and trip sequences on breaker control schematics f. Anti-pump feature g. Breaker failure h. Circuit breaker protection schemes i. Operating breakers during abnormal conditions