Firefighting 1. What is Flash Point? A lowest temperature of a substance, at which there is sufficient vapor to produce a flash momentarily, is called the Flash point of that substance. 2. What is Fire point? A lowest temperature of a substance, at which there is sufficient vapor to enable combustion to continue, is called the Fire point of that substance. 3. What is Ignition Temperature? It is the temperature at which a substance will continue to burn, when ignited. 4. What is Self-ignition Temperature? It is the temperature at which substances will spontaneously combust. 5.What is Auto ignition Temperature? It is the temperature at which a substance undergoes a chemical change, which results to combustion. 6.What is Spontaneous Ignition Temperature? A lowest temperature of a substance, at which the substance will ignite spontaneously, is called the Spontaneous Ignition Temperature. 7.What are the requirements of Fire/Combustion? 1. Fuel. 2. Heat. 3. Air. 8.How fires can continued/shifted? By, 1. Radiation. 2. Convection. 3. Conduction. 1
9.What is Radiation of Heat? It is the transfer of heat from a source with out any carrier. I.e. Heat from sun to land. 10. What is Convection of Heat? It is the transfer of heat within any liquid/gas substance due to the motions/movements of the substance s matter. I.e. heating of smoke, air etc. 11. What is Convection of Heat? It is the transfer of heat within any solid substance without the motions/movements of the substance s matter. I.e. heating of metal, wood etc. 12. What is Starvation, in case of Fire? It is the removing of Fuel/substance from any fired fuel/substance to cease the fire. 13. Give examples of starvation onboard a ship? Some examples of starvation are as followings, 1. Remove furniture from fired areas. 2. Transfer of oil from fired tank. 3. Remove cargo from 14. What is Smothering, in case of Fire? It is the removing of air from any fired area to cease the fire. 15. Give examples of smothering onboard a ship? Some examples of smothering are as followings, 1. Use of Inert gas, carbon di oxide, foam etc 2. Use of Fire blanket. 3. Flooding the fire effected compartments. 16. What is Cooling, in case of Fire? It is the removing of Heat from any fired area to cease the fire. 2
17. Give examples of Cooling onboard a ship? Some examples of cooling are as followings, 1. Use of Carbon di oxide. 2. Water spray. 3. Boundary cooling. 18. What are BCF, BTM, DBE, CBM, CTC, and BM in case of Fire Extinguishing agents? BCF- Bromo Chloro Difluoro Methane. BTM- Bromo Tri Fluoromethane. DBE-Di Bromo Tetra Fluoroethane. CBM- Chloro Bromo Methane. CTC- Carbon Tetra Chloride. BM- Methyl Bromide. 19. As per size, how many types of Fire Extinguishers are used onboard? 1. Portable Fire Extinguishers. 2. Fixed Fire Extinguishers. 3. Semi portable Fire Extinguishers. 20. How many types of Fixed Fire Extinguishers used onboard? 1. Water fire main. 2. Sprinkler system. 3. Water spray system. 4. Foam generating system. 5. Carbon di oxide flooding system. 6. Halon system. 7. Dry chemical system. 8. Inert gas system. 9. Stem inerting system. 21. How many types of detectors are used onboard for fire detection? 1. Gas detector. 2. Flame detector. 3
3. Smoke detector. 22. Heat detector. 22. What is the Direct attack of Fire? It is the attacks to fire by Fire fighters at the immediate area of fire, by apply of correct Extinguishing agent. 23. What is Indirect attack of Fire? It is the attack to fire by Fire fighters from remote places, when the attack at the immediate area of fire is not possible due to heat, ship s construction, electricity etc. I.e. boundary cooling, closing of ventilation etc. 24. What are the precautions before using of CO2 flooding system? 1. Sound the fire alarm. 2. Evacuate the area. 3. Roll call and make sure no one is inside. 4. Seal the doors. 5. Shut all vents and accesses. 25. What are the types of agents used at Foam Extinguishers onboard a ship? 1. Protein type. 2. Alcohol foam type. 3. Fluoroprotein type. 4. Fluorochemical type. 5. Synthetic type. 26. What are the agents used at Powder Extinguishers onboard ship? 1. Sodium Bicarbonate. 2. Potassium Bicarbonate. 3. Potassium Chloride. 4. Urea Potassium Bicarbonate. 5. Monoammonium Phosphate. 27..How dry powder extinguishing agents pressurized at container? Generally by, 4
1. Stored pressure. 2. Gas cartridge. 28. How dry powder extinguishing agents pressurized by Pressure at container? Here pressurized with either Compressed air or Nitrogen up to a pressure of 10 bars. It remains pressurized until released. 29. How dry powder extinguishing agents pressurized by Gas cartridge at container? Here a cartridge of pressurized Carbon di oxide is used. The seal of this cartridge is to be broken for pressure creation on Dry powder. 30. When Dry powder is to be used at Fire? 1. Flammable oil, grease, liquid etc. 2. Cooking machinery at galley. 3. Certain combustible solids. 4. Paint and tools store. 5. Wood, textile etc. 31. When Water is to be used at Fire? 1. Paint and tools store. 2. Wood, textile etc. 3. Dry cargo hold. 4. At accommodation. 32. When Foam is to be used at Fire? Paint and tools store. Wood, textile etc. Cargo holds. At accommodation. Combustible liquid. 33. When CO2 is to be used at Fire? 5
1. Paint and tools store. 2. Cargo holds. 3. At accommodation. 4. Combustible liquid. 5. Engine room. 34. When Inert Gas is to be used at Fire? 1. Paint and tools store. 2. Cargo holds. 3. At accommodation. 4. Combustible liquid. 5. Engine room. 35. How many types of Water Extinguishers are used onboard? Generally 3 types, 1. Soda acid type (Chemical). 2. Stored pressure type (Mechanical). 3. Gas cartridge type (Mechanical). 36. How Water type extinguishers are recharged? 1. Unscrew the head cap. 2. Unscrew the Carbon di oxide cartridge. 3. Wash the container. 4. Refill the container with water. 5. Check, clean and grease all the moving parts. 6. Check sealing washer and renew, if required. 7. Fit new cartridge. 8. Refit the head cap. 9. Put the date of recharge on record card. 37. How Foam type extinguishers are recharged? 1. Unscrew the head cap. 2. Remove the inner container. 3. Wash every thing (containers, tube, nozzle etc) thoroughly. 4. Put Sodium bicarbonate into the outer container up to correct level. 5. Put Aluminium sulphate into the inner container up to correct level. 6. Wipes dry and than carefully place the inner container. 7. Fit inner container s seal. 8. Put grease on all moving parts 9. Refit the head cap. 10. Put the date of recharge on record card. 6
38.. How many types of Foam Extinguishers are used onboard? Generally 2 types, 1. Chemical reaction. 2. Mechanical action. 39. What are the substances used in Chemical reaction type of Foam Extinguisher? 1. Alkali (usually 8% Sodium bicarbonate) 2. Acid (usually 13% Aluminium sulphate). 3. Stabilizer (usually 3% for long life). 40. What is AFFF in case of Foam type Extinguishing agent? Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF). 41. What are the particulars of International shore connection? Outside diameter Inside diameter Bolt circle diameter Slots in flange Flange thickness Bolts and nuts Washer s 178 mm 64 mm 132 mm 4 holes, 19 mm in diameter minimum 14.5 mm 4 nos., each 16 mm in diameter, 50 mm in length. 8 nos. 7