November 2002 ANNUAL REPORT TO NC-140 Msschusetts Agriculturl Experiment Sttion Wesley Autio (leder), Jon Clements, Jmes Krup, Dune Greene, & Dniel Cooley PROGRESS & PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1994 NC-140 Apple Tril As prt of the 1994 NC-140 Apple Tril, plnting of Gl on 17 rootstock ws estblished t the University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center in 1994. The plnting included ten replictions in rndomized-complete-block design. cross-sectionl re (TCA), root suckering, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight ll were ffected in 2002 by rootstock (Tble 1). Lrgest trees were on V.1 nd M.26 EMLA, nd the smllest trees were on P.22, M.27 EMLA, B.491, nd P.16. The gretest mount of cumultive (1994-2002) root suckering resulted from trees Tble 1. cross-sectionl re, suckering, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight in 2002 of Gl trees on severl rootstocks in the Msschusetts plnting of the 1994 NC-140 Apple Tril. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses nd for crop lod in the cse of 2002 fruit weight. z crosssectionl re 1994-2002) 2002 Cumultive (1996-2002) 2002 Cumultive (1996-2002) 2002 Averge (1996-2002) B.9 38.7 ef 12.5 bcde 41 defg 139 def 1.05 bc 3.64 b 133 b 145 cd B.469 28.5 fg 7.9 cde 25 fgh 102 fg 0.88 bc 3.66 b 123 bc 137 d B.491 18.6 gh 8.0 cde 17 h 72 gh 0.96 bc 3.97 133 b 139 d M.9 EMLA 56.0 cde 11.3 bcde 50 cde 182 bcde 0.89 bc 3.30 b 143 b 159 bc M.9 Fleuren 56 42.0 def 32.9 b 47 cdef 155 def 1.13 b 3.77 150 158 bc M.9 Pjm 1 58.8 cd 25.3 bcd 58 bcd 195 bcde 1.02 bc 3.31 b 146 161 b M.9 Pjm 2 73.0 b 36.3 73 b 243 b 1.02 bc 3.38 b 150 161 b M.9 RN29 64.3 c 22.9 bcde 63 bc 224 bc 0.99 bc 3.47 b 150 165 M.9 NAKBT337 51.7 cde 17.2 bcde 51 bcde 177 cde 0.98 bc 3.42 b 146 159 bc M.26 EMLA 85.5 b 1.8 e 69 bc 223 bc 0.80 bc 2.68 b 146 162 M.27 EMLA 12.7 gh 6.4 de 11 h 48 gh 0.86 bc 4.00 133 b 137 d Mrk 34.6 efg 20.0 bcde 27 efgh 119 efg 0.75 bc 3.42 b 127 bc 147 bcd O.3 51.7 cde 29.5 bc 60 bcd 206 bcd 1.17 4.04 143 b 146 bcd P.2 52.0 cde 5.7 de 49 cdef 167 cde 0.95 bc 3.22 b 146 156 bc P.16 23.1 fgh 31.2 bc 21 gh 85 fgh 0.91 bc 3.71 b 140 b 149 bcd P.22 8.0 h 8.7 cde 6 h 30 h 0.72 c 3.73 106 c 118 e V.1 93.7 18.9 bcde 93 299 0.98 bc 3.22 b 146 166 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). 1
M.9 Pjm 2 M.9 RN29 M.9 Pjm 1 M.9 EMLA M.9 NAKBT337 M.9 Fleuren 56 M.9 Pjm 2 M.9 Fleuren 56 M.9 Pjm 1 M.9 RN29 M.9 NAKBT337 M.9 EMLA M.9 Pjm 2 M.9 RN29 M.9 Pjm 1 M.9 EMLA M.9 NAKBT337 M.9 Fleuren 56 0 20 40 60 80 Figure 1. cross-sectionl re of Gl trees on six M.9 strins in the 1994 NC-140 Apple Tril in Msschusetts. b Figure 2. suckering of Gl trees on six M.9 strins in the 1994 NC-140 Apple Tril in Msschusetts. Figure 3. Cumultive yield of Gl trees on six M.9 strins in the 1994 NC-140 Apple Tril in Msschusetts. As prt of the 1994 NC-140 Pech Tril, plnting of Redhven on 13 rootstocks ws estblished t the University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center in 1994. The plnting included eight replictions in rndomized-completeon M.9 Pjm 2, M.9 Fleuren 56, P.16, nd O.3, nd the lest resulted from trees on M.26 EMLA, M.27 EMLA, P.2, B.469, B.491, nd P.22. V.1 nd M.9 Pjm 2 b 0 10 20 30 40 Cumultive root 1996-2002) 0 100 200 300 Cumultive yield (kg/tree, 1996-2002) c c b bc bc b bc bc bc bc cross-sectionl re b b b resulted in the gretest yields in 2002, nd P.22, M.27 EMLA, B.491, nd P.16 resulted in the lowest. Cumultively (1996-2002), the gretest yields cme from trees on V.1 nd M.9 Pjm 2, nd the lowest yields cme from trees on P.22, M.27 EMLA, B.491, nd P.16. In 2002, O.3, nd M.9 Fleuren 56 resulted in the most yield efficient trees, nd P.22, nd M.26 EMLA resulted in the lest efficient. Cumultively (1996-2002), the most efficient trees were on O.3, M.27 EMLA, B.491, M.9 Fleuren 56, nd P.22, nd the lest efficient were on M.26 EMLA. In 2002, M.9 Fleuren 56, M.9 Pjm 2, M.9 RN29, M.9 Pjm 1, M.9 NAKBT337, M.26 EMLA, P.2, nd V.1 resulted in the lrgest fruit, nd P.22, B.469, nd Mrk resulted in the smllest. Averge fruit weight for the fruiting life of the plnting (1996-2002) ws gretest for trees on V.1, M.9 RN29, nd M.26 EMLA nd smllest for trees on P.22. Since six strins of M.9 re included in this experiment, it is interesting to study vrition mong them. TCA vried significntly mong the six strins (Figure 1), with trees on M.9 Pjm 2 74% lrger thn trees on M.9 Fleuren 56. suckering ws gretest from trees on M.9 Pjm 2 nd lest from trees on M.9 EMLA (Figure 2). Cumultive yield per tree (Figure 3) followed similr trend to TCA; nd, trees of the six strins were similrly yield efficient. 1994 NC-140 Pech Tril H7338019 GF305 Biley Strk's Redlef Lovell Higm Gurdin Montclr TTo/Lovell BY520-8 Rubir TN 281-1 Ishtr b 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 dmge (% of circumference) Figure 4. dmge in Redhven trees in the 1994 NC-140 Pech Tril in Msschusetts. 2
Tble 2. cross-sectionl re, suckering, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight in 2002 of Gl trees on vrious rootstocks in the Msschusetts plnting of the 1998 NC-140 Apple Tril. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses. z crosssectionl re 1998-2002) 2002 Cumultive (1999-2002) 2002 Cumultive (1999-2002) 2002 Averge (1999-2002) G.16 13.5 0.4 13.2 24.0 0.92 b 1.71 104 b 107 b M.9 7.5 b 0.3 11.3 17.8 1.50 2.32 124 125 M.9 EMLA 6.7 b 0.3 9.5 14.5 1.47 2.21 119 121 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). Tble 3. cross-sectionl re, suckering, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight in 2002 of McIntosh trees on severl rootstocks in the Msschusetts plnting of the 1999 NC-140 Dwrf Apple Tril. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses. z crosssectionl re 1999-2002) 2002 Cumultive (2001-02) 2002 Cumultive (2001-02) 2002 Averge (2001-02) CG.3041 10.6 bcd 0.0 8.4 b 11.5 b 0.81 1.10 135 142 CG.4013 19.7 0.5 13.6 23.5 0.68 1.17 149 153 CG.5179 14.4 bc 0.3 10.1 b 18.6 b 0.69 1.29 130 150 CG.5202 16.6 b 0.0 7.7 b 17.1 b 0.50 1.06 133 152 G.16N 8.8 cd 0.0 4.5 b 9.9 b 0.47 1.01 124 159 G.16T 10.0 bcd 0.0 4.4 b 10.1 b 0.44 1.04 114 139 M.26 EMLA 10.8 bcd 0.0 3.2 b 5.3 b 0.30 0.48 125 132 M.9 NAKBT337 5.7 d 0.0 2.8 b 5.5 b 0.51 1.01 132 156 Supporter 1 8.8 cd 0.0 4.7 b 10.1 b 0.49 1.06 115 127 Supporter 2 10.6 bcd 0.5 6.8 b 12.7 b 0.70 1.30 125 128 Supporter 3 11.7 bc 0.0 7.0 b 15.8 b 0.60 1.34 136 155 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). block design. These trees were removed in December 2001, nd finl dt for tree performnce were presented in the 2001 report. At removl, tree were pulled from the ground, nd chinsw cut ws mde cross the rootstock shnk t bout the originl ground level. The degree of trunk dmge (primrily from pech tree borer) ws ssessed visully nd recorded s percent of the trunk circumference ffected. Figure 4 presents these dt. Significnt trunk dmge occurred during the life of trees on 12 of the rootstocks. Trees on Ishtr showed significntly less dmge thn trees on ny of the other rootstocks. This difference ppers to be relted to true resistnce to pech tree borer in Ishtr. 1998 NC-140 Apple Tril As prt of the 1998 NC-140 Apple Tril, plnting of Gl on three rootstocks ws estblished t the 3
Tble 4. cross-sectionl re, suckering, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight in 2002 of McIntosh trees on severl rootstocks in the Msschusetts plnting of the 1999 NC-140 Semidwrf Apple Tril. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses. z crosssectionl re 1999-2002) 2002 Cumultive (2001-02) 2002 Cumultive (2001-02) 2002 Averge (2001-02) CG.4814 9.3 b 9.2 9.3 b 12.8 0.96 1.29 148 b 152 CG.7707 10.5 b 2.2 b 7.9 b 8.4 0.78 b 0.83 b 158 160 G.30N 19.4 0.2 b 10.6 14.0 0.55 bc 0.74 b 156 b 163 M.26 EMLA 9.1 b 0.0 b 3.9 b 5.2 0.41 bc 0.56 b 127 b 127 M.7 EMLA 19.7 8.7 4.0 b 6.6 0.20 c 0.31 b 151 b 163 Supporter 4 18.3 0.3 b 5.2 b 9.0 0.30 c 0.54 b 135 b 157 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center in 1998. The experiment ws rndomized-complete-block design with ten replictions. significntly ffected TCA fter the fifth growing seson (2002) (Tble 2), with trees on G.16 significntly lrger thn those on M.9 or M.9 EMLA. Cumultive (1998-2002) root suckering ws similr mong the three rootstocks. Yield in 2002 nd cumultively (2000-2001) were not ffected by rootstock. In 2002, trees on M.9 nd M.9 EMLA were significntly more yield efficient tht those on G.16, but cumultively (1999-2002), there were no significnt differences. Both in 2002 nd on verge for the fruiting life of the tril (1999-2002), M.9 nd M.9 EMLA resulted in lrger fruit thn G.16. 1999 NC-140 Dwrf Apple Tril As prt of the 1999 NC-140 Dwrf Apple Tril, plnting of McIntosh on 11 rootstocks ws estblished t the University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center in 1999. The plnting included six replictions in rndomized-complete-block design. 4 Tble 5. cross-sectionl re t plnting nd in October, the number of usble fethers t plnting, nd suckering in 2002 of Gl trees on severl rootstocks in the Msschusetts plnting of the 2002 NC-140 Apple Tril. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses. z significntly ffected TCA nd yield per tree fter the fourth growing seson (2002) but did not ffect cumultive (1999-2002) root suckering, yield efficiency, or fruit size (Tble 3). Lrgest trees were on CG.4013, CG.5202, nd CG.5179, nd the smllest were on M.9 NAKBT337, G.16N, nd Supporter 1. CG.4013 crosssectionl re t plnting Usble fethers t plnting (no./tree) crosssectionl re in October 2002) B.9 (Europe) 1.0 c 0.0 1.3 bcd 0.0 B.9 (Treco) 1.1 bc 0.4 1.4 bcd 0.0 M.26 EMLA 1.2 b 1.9 1.6 bc 0.0 M.26 NAKB 1.4 1.9 1.9 0.0 M.9 Bergmer 756 1.0 c 0.0 1.3 bcd 0.1 M.9 RN29 1.4 0.7 1.8 b 0.0 M.9 NAKBT337 0.8 cd 0.6 1.1 cd 0.0 P.14 1.2 bc 0.9 1.6 bc 0.0 PiAu 51-11 0.6 d 0.0 0.8 d 0.2 PiAu 51-4 1.2 bc 2.1 1.8 b 0.0 Supporter 4 1.1 bc 0.9 1.4 bcd 0.0 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05).
Tble 6. cross-sectionl re t plnting nd in October nd suckering in 2002 of Redhven trees on severl rootstocks in the Msschusetts plnting of the 2002 NC-140 Pech Tril. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses. z crosssectionl re t plnting crosssectionl re in October 2002) Adesto 101 0.5 bc 2.1 b 0.0 Cdmn 0.7 b 4.2 0.0 Lovell 0.6 bc 3.9 0.0 MRS 0.8 2.4 b 0.1 Pent 0.6 bc 1.8 b 0.0 Pumiselect 0.4 c 2.7 b 0.0 VSV-1 0.7 b 2.6 b 0.0 VVA-1 0.5 bc 2.1 b 0.3 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). resulted in the most yield in 2002 nd cumultively (2001-02), nd M.9 NAKBT337, M.26 EMLA, G.16T, G.16N, nd Supporter 1 resulted in the lest. 4). Lrgest trees were on M.7 EMLA, G.30N, nd Supporter 4, nd the smllest were on M.26 EMLA, CG.4814, nd CG.7707. Gretest cumultive (1999-2002) root suckering ws observed from trees on CG.4814 nd M.7 EMLA, with the lest from trees on M.26 EMLA, G.30N, nd Supporter 4. G.30N resulte din the most yield per tree in 2002, nd M.26 EMLA nd M.7 EMLA resulted in the lest. did not ffect cumultive (2001-02) yield per tree. Trees on CG.4814 nd CG.7707 were the most yield efficient in 2002, nd trees on M.7 EMLA nd Supporter 4 were the lest efficient. Cumultive (2001-02) efficiency ws not ffected by rootstock. Weight ws gretest of fruit from trees on CG.7707 nd lest of fruit from trees on M.26 EMLA. Averge (2001-02) fruit weight ws not ffected by rootstock. 2002 NC-140 Apple Tril As prt of the 2002 NC-140 Apple Tril, plnting of Gl on 11 rootstocks ws estblished t the University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center in 2002. The plnting included seven replictions in rndomizedcomplete-block design. ffected TCA t plnting nd t the end of 1999 NC-140 Semidwrf Apple Tril As prt of the 1999 NC-140 Semidwrf Apple Tril, plnting of McIntosh on six rootstocks ws estblished t the University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center in 1999. The plnting included six replictions in rndomized-completeblock design. significntly ffected TCA, root suckering yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit size in 2002 (Tble Tble 7. cross-sectionl re in 2002 of Cortlnd, Rogers Red McIntosh, Mcoun, nd Pioneer Mc trees on severl rootstocks plnted in 1995. All vlues re lest-squres mens djusted for missing subclsses. z Cortlnd Mcoun McIntosh Pioneer Mc Averge cross-sectionl re B.146 7.9 11.6 3.0 11.1 8.4 cd B.469 15.2 14.0 16.1 16.0 15.4 c B.491 9.0 13.0 11.2 10.1 10.8 cd M.9 23.5 21.2 25.3 19.8 22.4 b M.9 NAKBT337 20.7 21.5 23.8 27.4 23.4 b Mrk 39.1 38.2 36.4 43.8 39.4 P.2 23.3 23.4 19.2 27.3 23.3 b P.16 3.8 5.1 4.9 7.2 5.2 d P.22 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.3 d V.1 39.2 44.7 46.3 46.3 44.1 V.3 16.9 17.6 17.6 20.9 18.3 b Averge 18.6 19.7 19.1 21.5 z Overll rootstock mens nd overll cultivr mens were seprted by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). mens were not seprted within cultivr, since cultivr nd rootstock did not interct significntly. 5
Tble 8. Yield in 2002 nd cumultive yield of Cortlnd, Rogers Red McIntosh, Mcoun, nd Pioneer Mc trees on severl rootstocks plnted in 1995. All vlues re lest-squres mens djusted for missing subclsses. z Cortlnd Mcoun McIntosh Pioneer Mc Averge Yield per tree (2002, kg) B.146 2.4 e 6.5 e 2.2 d 6.5 cd 4.4 d B.469 15.1 de 11.5 e 14.9 bc 14.1 bcd 13.9 d B.491 9.4 e 19.0 cde 10.4 cd 8.8 cd 11.9 d M.9 25.2 bc 28.3 bc 23.0 b 20.2 b 24.2 bc M.9 NAKBT337 23.7 bc 13.6 de 22.3 b 22.6 b 20.6 c Mrk 34.4 32.9 b 25.4 24.1 b 29.2 b P.2 23.1 bcd 29.3 bc 22.0 b 23.2 b 24.4 bc P.16 6.4 e 7.0 e 6.4 cd 8.4 cd 7.0 d P.22 7.1 e 9.1 e 7.0 cd 5.7 d 7.2 d V.1 30.3 b 53.2 25.6 30.6 34.9 V.3 19.6 cd 23.4 bcd 23.1 b 17.6 bc 20.9 c Averge 17.9 21.3 16.6 16.5 Cumultive yield per tree (1997-2002, kg) B.146 14 e 16 e 7 f 15 d 13 d B.469 32 de 28 de 33 cde 28 cd 30 d B.491 24 e 39 cd 24 def 21 d 27 d M.9 51 bc 56 c 52 b 41 bc 50 bc M.9 NAKBT337 47 bcd 41 cd 45 bc 45 bc 44 c Mrk 86 74 b 65 55 b 70 P.2 53 bc 57 bc 42 bcd 48 b 50 bc P.16 17 e 17 e 20 ef 25 cd 20 d P.22 21 e 15 e 18 ef 17 d 18 d V.1 62 b 80 50 bc 57 62 b V.3 44 cd 50 c 52 b 40 bc 46 c Averge 41 43 37 36 z Overll rootstock mens nd overll cultivr mens were seprted by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). mens within cultivr were seprted by t test (P = 0.01). the seson but did not ffect the number of usble fethers t plnting or the root suckering in 2002 (Tble 5). The lrgest trees t plnting nd t the end of the seson were on M.26 EMLA, nd the smllest were on PiAu 51-11 nd M.9 NAKBT337. 2002 NC-140 Pech Tril As prt of the 2002 NC-140 Pech Tril, plnting of Redhven on eight rootstocks ws estblished t Clrkdle Fruit Frm (Deerfield, Msschusetts) in 2002. The plnting included eight replictions in rndomized-complete-block design. ffected TCA t plnting nd t the end of the growing seson but did not ffect root suckering in 2002 (Tble 6). At plnting, trees on MRS, VSV-1, nd Cdmn were the lrgest, nd 6 those on Pumiselect, VVA-1, nd Adesto 101 were the smllest. At the end of the seson, trees on Cdmn nd Lovell were significntly lrger thn ll other combintions. 1995 Msschusetts-Mine-Nov Scoti Scion/ Tril In 1995, tril ws estblished t three loctions (Belchertown, MA, Monmouth, ME, nd Kentville, NS) including Rogers Red McIntosh, Cortlnd, Mcoun, nd Pioneer Mc on 11 different rootstocks. The experiment ws rndomized-complete-block/split-plot design t ech site, with cultivr s the whole plot nd rootstock s the split plot. Ech site included seven replictions. Only Msschusetts dt re presented in this report.
Tble 9. in 2002 nd cumultive yield efficiency of Cortlnd, Rogers Red McIntosh Mcoun, nd Pioneer Mc trees on severl rootstocks plnted in 1995. All vlues re lest-squres men djusted for missing subclsses. z Cortlnd Mcoun McIntosh Pioneer Mc Averge (2002, kg/cm 2 TCA) B.146 0.47 0.65 0.48 0.55 0.54 c B.469 1.05 0.67 0.97 0.92 0.90 bc B.491 1.17 1.53 0.96 0.86 1.13 bc M.9 1.17 1.34 0.90 1.05 1.11 bc M.9 NAKBT337 1.08 0.81 1.08 0.89 0.96 bc Mrk 0.88 0.91 0.71 0.57 0.76 c P.2 1.04 1.21 1.82 0.90 1.24 b P.16 1.43 1.44 1.26 0.97 1.28 P.22 1.13 0.68 1.09 0.98 0.97 bc V.1 0.80 1.23 0.55 0.68 0.81 bc V.3 1.17 1.34 1.33 0.84 1.17 bc Averge 1.04 1.07 1.01 0.84 Cumultive yield efficiency (1997-2002, kg/cm 2 TCA) B.146 1.78 1.50 1.93 1.39 1.65 cd B.469 2.36 1.98 2.21 1.85 2.10 bcd B.491 3.08 3.03 2.13 2.14 2.59 bc M.9 2.34 2.71 2.02 2.11 2.30 bc M.9 NAKBT337 2.18 2.41 2.09 1.80 2.12 bcd Mrk 2.30 2.05 1.78 1.29 1.86 cd P.2 2.37 2.49 3.15 1.88 2.47 bc P.16 3.99 3.65 4.27 3.63 3.89 P.22 3.34 2.39 3.00 2.75 2.87 b V.1 1.63 1.89 1.09 1.25 1.46 d V.3 2.70 2.82 2.94 1.96 2.61 b Averge 2.55 2.45 2.42 2.08 z Overll rootstock mens nd overll cultivr mens were seprted by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). mens were not seprted within cultivr, since cultivr nd rootstock did not interct significntly. TCA ws not ffected by cultivr or the interction of cultivr nd rootstock; however, rootstock ffected TCA significntly (Tble 7). Specificlly, cross ll cultivrs, the lrgest trees were on V.1 nd Mrk, nd the smllest were on P.16 nd P.22. Yield in 2002 ws ffected by rootstock nd the interction of cultivr nd rootstock, but not cultivr (Tble 8). Over ll cultivrs, trees on V.1 nd Mrk yielded the most in 2002, nd those on B.146, P.16, P.22, B.491, nd B.469 yielded the lest. Although significnt, the interction of rootstock nd cultivr did not result in drmtic vrition in the reltive ffects of rootstock from cultivr to cultivr. Cumultive yields (1997-2002) likewise were ffected by rootstock nd the interction of cultivr nd rootstock, but not by cultivr (Tble 8). Over ll cultivrs, Mrk nd V.1 resulted in the gretest cumultive yields per tree, nd B.146, P.22, P.16, B.491, nd B.469 resulted in the lest. Although the interction of cultivr nd rootstock ws sttisticlly significnt, s with yield per tree in 2002, little vrition in rootstock response existed mong cultivrs. in 2002 nd cumultive yield efficiency (1997-2002) were ffected by rootstock only (Tble 9). The most efficient trees in 2002 nd cumultively were on P.16, nd the lest efficient were on V.1, Mrk, nd B.146. In 2002, fruit weight ws ffected by cultivr, rootstock, nd the interction of rootstock nd cultivr (Tble 10). Across ll rootstocks, Cortlnd produced the lrgest fruit in 2002, nd Mcoun produced the smllest. Across ll cultivrs, M.9 NAKBT337, M.9, V.1, V.3, nd 7
Tble 10. Fruit weight in 2002 nd verge fruit weight of Cortlnd, Rogers Red McIntosh, Mcoun, nd Pioneer Mc trees on severl rootstocks plnted in 1995. All vlues re lest-squres mens djusted for missing subclsses nd for crop lod in the cse of fruit weight in 2002. z Cortlnd Mcoun McIntosh Pioneer Mc Averge Fruit weight (2002, g) B.146 130 e 130 149 c 135 c 134 d B.469 187 cd 134 167 bc 150 bc 160 bc B.491 202 bc 156 156 bc 162 b 169 bc M.9 211 b 154 180 174 b 180 M.9 NAKBT337 225 144 176 178 181 Mrk 209 b 158 166 bc 162 b 174 b P.2 210 b 154 177 162 b 176 P.16 192 c 154 167 bc 169 b 170 b P.22 174 d 124 150 c 151 bc 150 cd V.1 216 b 156 170 b 170 b 178 V.3 217 b 157 178 162 b 178 Averge 198 147 c 167 b 161 b Averge fruit weight (1997-2002, g) B.146 168 d 129 122 f 152 bcd 143 d B.469 195 c 158 157 bcd 154 bcd 166 bc B.491 206 bc 153 156 bcd 157 bcd 168 b M.9 222 147 175 b 166 b 177 b M.9 NAKBT337 218 b 159 167 bc 172 179 b Mrk 218 b 155 165 bc 162 bc 175 b P.2 215 b 146 156 cd 157 bcd 169 b P.16 196 c 152 135 ef 141 d 156 cd P.22 174 d 146 146 de 146 cd 153 cd V.1 229 160 176 173 184 V.3 220 b 151 164 bc 163 bc 175 b Averge 205 151 b 156 b 158 b z Overll rootstock mens nd overll cultivr mens were seprted by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). mens within cultivr were seprted by t test (P = 0.01). P.2 resulted in the lrgest fruit, nd B.146 nd P.22 resulted in the smllest. Little vrition in these reltive differences existed mong cultivrs, except tht within Mcoun, rootstock did not ffect fruit weight. Averged cross the fruiting life (1997-2002) of the trees, fruit weight ws ffected by cultivr, rootstock, nd the interction of rootstock nd cultivr (Tble 10). Over ll rootstocks, Cortlnd fruit were significntly lrger thn those of the other three cultivrs. Over ll cultivrs, V.1, M.9 NAKBT337, M.9, V.3, nd Mrk resulted in the lrgest fruit, nd B.146, P.16, nd P.22 resulted in the smllest. As in 2002, the reltive rootstock effects were similr for Cortlnd, McIntosh, nd Pioneer Mc, but rootstock did not ffect Mcoun fruit weight. 1995 Msschusetts-New Brunswick- Pennsylvni Ginger Gold Tril In 1995, tril ws estblished in Belchertown, MA, University Prk, PA, nd Bouctouche, NB including Ginger Gold on 10 rootstocks. The experiment ws rndomized-complete-block design with 10 replictions t ech site. Only Msschusetts dt re reported here. At the end of the 2002 growing seson, trees on Mrk nd V.1 were the lrgest, nd those on B.469, P.16, P.22, B.491, nd V.3 were the smllest (Tble 11). In 2002 nd cumultively (1997-2002), Mrk nd V.1 resulted in the gretest yields per tree, nd B.469, P.22, V.3, P.16, nd B.491 resulted in the lowest yields. In 2002, yield 8
Tble 11. cross-sectionl re, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight in 2002 of Ginger Gold trees on severl rootstocks plnted in 1995. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses nd for crop lod in the cse of fruit weight in 2002. z crosssectionl re 2002 Cumultive (1997-2002) 2002 Cumultive (1997-2002) 2002 Averge (1997-2002) B.9 32.6 b 27.0 b 62 c 0.85 b 1.99 b 229 231 B.469 5.5 c 6.0 d 13 d 1.09 b 2.24 b 160 c 131 c B.491 10.3 c 14.2 cd 28 d 1.39 2.64 b 219 b 208 b M.9 NAKBT337 31.9 b 30.9 b 70 bc 1.08 b 2.37 b 235 226 b Mrk 48.8 46.6 111 0.96 b 2.29 b 212 b 211 b P.2 28.3 b 25.1 bc 57 c 0.91 b 2.03 b 213 b 216 b P.16 9.4 c 13.0 d 29 d 1.43 3.09 211 b 196 b P.22 9.6 c 9.1 d 21 d 0.98 b 2.30 b 194 b 196 b V.1 48.0 43.5 93 b 0.93 b 1.97 b 223 b 225 b V.3 10.5 c 12.6 d 24 d 1.27 b 2.15 b 207 b 196 b z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). Tble 12. cross-sectionl re, yield, yield efficiency, nd fruit weight in 2002 of Rogers Red McIntosh trees on severl rootstocks plnted in 1996. All vlues re lest-squres mens, djusted for missing subclsses nd for crop lod in the cse of fruit weight in 2002. z crosssectionl re 2002 Cumultive (1998-2002) 2002 Cumultive (1998-2002) 2002 Averge (1998-2002) V.1 16.1 b 27.1 b 48 b 1.69 b 3.07 b 121 126 b V.2 21.7 b 30.2 b 53 b 1.36 bc 2.35 b 124 135 b V.3 12.3 b 20.9 b 43 b 1.80 3.62 120 123 b V.4 62.2 57.1 90 0.99 c 1.53 c 127 141 V.7 23.6 b 36.2 b 60 b 1.48 b 2.49 b 133 135 b M.26 EMLA 21.6 b 31.5 b 57 b 1.53 b 2.77 b 125 135 b z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). efficiency ws gretest of trees on P.16 nd B.491 nd lest of trees on B.9, P.2, V.1, nd Mrk. Cumultively (1997-2002), trees on P.16 were the most yield efficient, nd those on V.1, B.9, P.2, nd V.3 were the lest efficient. Weight in 2002 ws gretest of fruit from trees on M.9 NAKBT337 nd B.9, nd lest of fruit from trees on B.469. B.9 resulted in the gretest fruit weight verged over the fruiting life of the tril (1997-2002), nd B.469 resulted in the lowest. 1996 McIntosh Tril In 1996, tril ws estblished t the University of Msschusetts Cold Spring Orchrd Reserch & Eduction Center including Rogers Red McIntosh on V.1, V.2, V.3, V.4, V.7, nd M.26 EMLA. The experiment ws rndomized-complete-block design with seven replictions. After the seventh growing seson, trees on V.4 hd 9
Tble 13. cross-sectionl re t plnting nd in October in 2002 of Cmeo trees on three rootstocks plnted in 2002. z crosssectionl re t plnting crosssectionl re in October B.9 1.4 b 1.8 b G.16 1.5 b 2.0 b M.9 NAKBT337 1.8 2.3 z Mens were seprted within columns by Tukey=s HSD (P = 0.05). the lrgest TCA, the gretest yield in 2002 nd cumultively (1998-2002), the lowest yield efficiency in 2002 nd cumultively, nd the lrgest verge (1997-2002) fruit weight (Tble 12). The most yield efficient trees in 2002 nd cumultively were on V.3. did not ffect fruit weight in 2002, but verge (1998-2002) fruit weight ws lest from trees on V.3 nd V.1. 2002 Msschusetts-New Jersey Cmeo Tril In 2002, tril ws estblished in Belchertown, MA nd Pittstown, NJ including Cmeo on B.9, G.16, nd M.9 NAKBT337. The experiment ws rndomizedcomplete-block design with ten replictions t ech site. Only Msschusetts dt re presented here. ffected trunk circumference t plnting nd t the end of the 2002 growing seson (Tble 13). Specificlly, trees on M.9 NAKBT337 were significntly lrger thn those on B.9 or G.16 t plnting, nd were significntly lrger thn trees on B.9 t the end of the growing seson. USEFULNESS OF FINDINGS We hve defined further the chrcteristics of severl rootstocks grown under Msschusetts conditions with McIntosh, Pioneer Mc, Gl, Ginger Gold, Cortlnd, Mcoun, nd Cmeo s pple scion cultivrs nd Redhven s pech scion cultivr. Severl rootstocks in the older plntings show gret promise for potentil commercil doption. In ddition to the economic benefits ssocited with the greter yield efficiency nd fruit size of trees on some of these dwrfing rootstocks, significnt benefits re relized by growers in Msschusetts selling fruit using pick-your-own techniques. These fully dwrf trees seem prticulrly suited to pick-your-own mrketing, providing for significntly less loss due to fruit drop nd poor qulity. WORK PLANNED FOR 2003 All existing plntings will be mintined in 2003. No new trils re plnned. A finl report of the Msschusetts-Pennsylvni-New Brunswick Ginger Gold/ Tril will be developed for publiction. Autio, W.R. nd J. Krup. 2002. Performnce of the V Series pple rootstocks during six growing sesons. Fruit Notes of New Englnd 67(3):18-19. PUBLICATIONS SPONSORED ACTIVITY Autio, W.R., J. Clements, nd J. Krup. 2002. reserch in Msschusetts. UMss Extension Fctsheet, 21 pp. Autio, W. R. 2001-02. Coordintion of two NC-140 rootstock trils. Interntionl Dwrf Fruit Tree Assocition, $3,200. Autio, W.R. 2001. reserch in Msschusetts. Msschusetts Fruit Growers Assocition Horticulturl Reserch Fund, $850. 10