Technical Assistance Consultant s Report Project Number: 7106 August 2011 India: Preparing the Bihar Urban Development Project Topographical Survey Report Prepared by GHK Consulting Limited, UKG, in association with STUP Consultants P. Ltd., IND, and Castalia Strategic Advisors, USA For Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar This consultant s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project s design.
Bihar Urban Development Investment Program (BUDIP) (ADB TA 7106-IND) TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY REPORT FINAL AUGUST 2011 GHK, UK in association with Castalia STUP Consultants Urban Development & Housing Department Government of Bihar Asian Development Bank (ADB)
CONTENTS 1. Introduction... 1 1.1 Project Background... 1 2. Objective of Topographical Survey... 1 3. Scope of Topographical Survey... 1 4. Selection of Survey Agency... 1 5. Mobilization of the Agency and Completion of the Work... 2 6. Location of Towns Surveyed... 2 6.1 Bhagalpur... 2 6.2 Muzaffarpur... 3 6.3 Darbhanga... 3 7.0 Methodology... 4 7.1 Global Positioning System (GPS)... 4 7.2 Planimetric Control... 5 7.3 Total Station Traverse... 5 7.4 Height Control... 5 8. Roads & Drains Surveyed... 8 9.0 Area Survey... 9 10.0 Maps and Drawings... 10 11.0 Acknowledgement... 11 LIST OF TABLES Table 7.1: List of GPS points... 4 Table 7.2: Location and Values of nearest established GTS Bench Marks... 5 Table 7.3 : Location and Values of Temporary Bench Mark Points... 6 Table 8.1: Details of Roads and Drains Surveyed in Different Project Towns... 8 Table 9.1: Locations and Area Surveyed... 9 Table 10.1: Scales adopted in Maps and Drawings...10 Table 10.2: List of Drawings...10 LISTS OF FIGURES Figure 1: Bhagalpur... 2 Figure 2: Muzaffarpur... 3 Figure 3: Darbhanga... 4
: APPENDICES A1: Photographs of BM Pillars in Bhagalpur A2: Photographs of BM Pillars in Muzaffarpur A3: Photographs of BM Pillars in Darbhanga B1: Drawing showing locations of BM Pillars in Bhagalpur B2: Drawing showing locations of BM Pillars in Muzaffarpur B3: Drawing showing locations of BM Pillars in Darbhanga C1: Survey Plans of Bhagalpur (Phase-I) C2: Survey Plans of Muzaffarpur C3: Survey Plans of Darbhanga D1: Long sections of Roads of Bhagalpur (Phase-I) D2: Long sections of Roads of Muzaffarpur D3: Long sections of Roads of Darbhanga E1: Cross sections of Roads of Bhagalpur (Phase-I) E2: Cross sections of Roads of Muzaffarpur E3: Cross sections of Roads of Darbhanga F1: Plan and Grid Level of WTP Site of Bhagalpur C1/R: Survey Plans of Bhagalpur (Phase-II) D1/R: Long sections of Roads of Bhagalpur (Phase-II) E1/R: Cross sections of Roads of Bhagalpur (Phase-II) F1/R: Area Survey for OHT No. 1/1/1-4, 2/2/1-3, 3 /3/1-3, 4/4/1-3, 5/5/1-5 & proposed WTP Topographical Survey Report
1. Introduction 1.1 Project Background The Government of Bihar (GoB) under Bihar Urban Development Investment Program (BUDP) intends to develop the basic infrastructure of major towns of the state and requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for financial assistance. The ADB to assess feasibility of such financial assistance appointed GHK Consulting Limited, UKG for a technical assistance (TA) in preparing urban sector roadmap of Bihar and investment plan for 4 (four) major towns namely Gaya, Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga in the subsectors of Water supply, sewerage, drainage and solid waste management. In the process of the study, due to uncertainty in adequate and economical water source, investment proposal for Gaya has been kept in lesser priority while the other 3 (three) towns stood under active consideration to access ADB s financial assistance under multi-tranche financing facility (MFF). To enable GoB to implement the subprojects with minimum loss of time after sanction of the loan, topographical survey of the roads of Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga was carried out by the TA Consultants to form basis of the subproject designs. 2. Objective of Topographical Survey The principal objective of conducting topographical survey was to prepare geocoordinated maps of the project towns depicting the existing roads and specific land areas with ground levels to facilitate design of water supply and sewerage schemes. 3. Scope of Topographical Survey Based on the above objective, the scope of survey was formulated as follows: i. Conducting total station survey of the town roads with ground levels longitudinally at 30 meter intervals or less to cover all junctions and changes in the topography and transversely at 30 meter intervals within the right of way (ROW) or property lines whichever is more recording the ground levels at 2.5 meter intervals or at change in topography and preparation of geo-coordinated maps in AutoCad program in 1:1000 scale. ii. Carrying out total station topographical survey of land area at different location taking spot levels in 10 meters grid and preparation of geo-coordinated maps in AutoCad program in 1:100 scale. iii. Transfer of bench mark (BM) to work site from the nearest available BM and providing BM reference pillars in RCC/stone/brick masonry of size 15 cm x 15 cm x 75 cm (45 cm below ground & 30 cm above ground). 4. Selection of Survey Agency The agency for conducting the topographical survey was selected in accordance with ADB procurement guidelines. Proposals invited from 5 reputed national agencies. Alcon Consulting Engineers and Architects, Bangalore were selected. Topographical Survey Report 1
5. Mobilization of the Agency and Completion of the Work The survey agency were mobilized in the field with 4 teams of surveyors equipped with required instruments and crew including a supervisor on 24 June 2010 and commenced work simultaneously in the towns of Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga. The field work was completed on 7 October 2010. The agency submitted all maps and drawings end October 2010. These were reviewed by the TA consultants and discussed with the survey agency. The survey was conducted for all the arterial, branch and sub-branch roads of Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga being prospective towns up to a minimum width of 3 meter to design water supply distribution network up to sub-branch pipe level. Subsequently, it was decided to include house connections with metering in the Bhagalpur water supply subproject. This necessitated additional survey of small roads below 3 meter width also in the town of Bhagalpur. For this purpose the survey team was remobilized on 05-06-11 and the field work was completed by 26-7-11. The survey Report along with the drawings was submitted by the agency on 30-07-11. 6. Location of Towns Surveyed 6.1 Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Town is geographically located between 74 55' 14 and 75 02' 23 longitude and 25 12' 33 and 25 16' 22 Latitude (Fig 1). The town is situated on the southern bank of river Ganga flowing west to east at a distance of about 230 km southeast of Patna city. The site can be approached through the National Highway (NH-80) and by rail from all major cities of India. It is a Class-I town with a land area of 30.17 km 2 and a population (2010) about 419,000 1. Figure 1: Bhagalpur N 1 PPTA Consultant estimate Topographical Survey Report 2
6.2 Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur Town is geographically located between 73 21' 27 and 73 25' 45 latitude and 26 05' 12 and 26 21' 56 latitude (Fig 2). The town is situated on the western bank of river Budi Gandak flowing north to south at a distance of about 40 km Northeast of Patna city. The site can be approached through the National Highway (NH-28) and by rail from all major cities of India. It is a Class-I town with a land area of 26.68 km2 and a population (2010) about 3790002. Figure 2: Muzaffarpur N 6.3 Darbhanga The town of Darbhanga is geographically located between 73 52' 50 and 73 55' 29 latitude and 26 06' 02 and 26 11' 25 Latitude (Fig 3). The town is situated on the eastern bank of river Adhwara (locally also named as Baghmati) flowing north to south at a distance of about 90 km Northeast of Patna city. The site can be approached through the National Highway (NH-57) and (NH 107) and by rail from all major cities of India. It is a Class-I town with a land area of 19.17 km 2 and a population (2010) about 314000 3. 2 PPTA Consultant estimate 3 PPTA Consultant estimate Topographical Survey Report 3
Figure 3: Darbhanga N 7.0 Methodology 7.1 Global Positioning System (GPS) Four pairs of GPS control points are established by using differential global positioning system (DGPS) at different locations of the project towns. The GPS points established at different towns are shown in Table 7.1 below. Table 7.1: List of GPS points Sl.No. Bhagalpur Station WGS84-Spherical Coordinates Plane UTM-Coordinates Longitude Latitude Easting (m) Northing (m) 1 AL1 74 58' 21.70" E 25 14' 32.50" N 497250.034 2791784.827 2 TBM29 74 55' 29.50" E 25 14' 25.69" N 492432.755 2791577.144 3 TBM8 75 00' 0.07" E 25 15' 14.31" N 500002.041 2793070.497 4 AL17 74 59' 23.31" E 25 15' 02.67" N 498973.696 2792712.355 Muzaffarpur 1 AL1 73 23' 12.100" E 26 07' 33.182" N 338703.478 2890625.560 2 ALS1 73 23' 27.828" E 26 07' 10.547" N 339131.729 2889923.643 3 ALTBM3 73 23' 51.532" E 26 07' 03.409" N 339787.482 2889695.885 4 ALS23 73 24' 11.026" E 26 05' 50.664" N 340301.521 2887450.851 Darbhanga Topographical Survey Report 4
Sl.No. Station WGS84-Spherical Coordinates Plane UTM-Coordinates Longitude Latitude Easting (m) Northing (m) 1 TBM1 73 53' 38.83" E 26 09' 19.53" N 389467.946 2893366.627 2 TBM23 73 52' 34.9" E 26 10' 52.3" N 387717.484 2896236.106 3 TBMG12 73 52' 10.70" E 26 11' 13.20" N 387051.361 2896885.011 4 TBMG6 73 54' 39.11" E 26 06' 52.63" N 391103.737 2888832.974 7.2 Planimetric Control Planimetric control (i.e. to measure the area of plan of any shape accurately) was carried out based on procedures evolved by Survey of India. The method adopted ensured self-checks at every stage of work in respect of direction and length. 7.3 Total Station Traverse The horizontal angles were observed on two zeros (0-180) using Electronic Total Station. Precision targets with optical centering and leveling devices used at the stations were observed. The distances were measured twice (back and forward), by using electronic distance meter inbuilt in total station, which gives the measurements to the millimeter accuracy. All the traverse lines were commenced and closed on traverse station of adjoining lines. The accuracy was determined by noting the closing error in the Easting and Northing coordinates. Necessary corrections for the measurements in parts per million (ppm) with respect to the temperature and atmospheric pressure of the particular locality were applied to get the exact measurements. 7.4 Height Control Height control was provided by fly leveling by using a Leica Auto Level. The locations and value (height) of the established GTS BMs are indicated in Table 7.2. Table 7.2: Location and Values of nearest established GTS Bench Marks Town Location Value (m) Bhagalpur Muzaffarpur Darbhanga On the pier of Bikramshila bridge over river Ganga about 13 m northeast of Shravana Dham. On the Pillar established at Moti Jheel for construction of flyover on Warsley Road about 330 m west of Kalyani Chowk. On the Parapet wall of the bridge on Darbhanga-Samastipur road about 18 Km from Darbhanga town. +34.200 +52.850 +51.392 Ground levels were recorded along the centre line of the roads longitudinally at 30 m intervals or less and at all bends, junctions and changes in the topography. Similar ground levels were also noted transversely at 30 meter intervals within the right of way (ROW) or property lines whichever is more recording levels at 2.5 meter intervals or at change in topography. A plot of land of 12 hectare identified for the water treatment plant at Bhagalpur adjacent to the existing water treatment plant at Barari was surveyed and spot levels in 10 meters grid were recorded. Topographical Survey Report 5
Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) pillars are established at different points spread over the towns to facilitate leveling operation. The values of TBMs are established from the established GTS BMs of respective towns. The locations and values (heights) of the TBMs at different towns are indicated in Table 7.3. Table 7.3 : Location and Values of Temporary Bench Mark Points Town Bench Mark Description Value (m) No. Bhagalpur P1 Marked on pillar top at Bhagat Singh Chowk 47.613 P2 Marked on pillar top near Canara bank opposite at 42.941 Mahatama Gandhi path P3 Marked on pillar top near Sardar Patel statue at Mahatama 48.936 Gandhi path P4 Marked on pillar top near Radha Krishna temple at Tillka 51.885 Manjhi Chowk P5 Marked on pillar top near Hanuman temple at Subash 49.974 Chandra Bose road P6 Marked on pillar top near Petrol bunk at Hawaiadda Chowk 46.233 & Subash Chandra Bose road P7 Marked on pillar top near Fly over bridge at Barari road 37.608 P8 Marked on pillar top near Mount Carmel school at Surya 52.128 Mohan Prakash path P9 Marked on pillar top at Treatment plantation 47.261 P10 Marked on pillar top near Raghu Nandan hall at D.C. Office 36.044 P11 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Nayabazar chowk 38.757 P12 Marked on pillar top near Culvert at Upper Champa nagar 36.354 road P13 Marked on pillar top near Hand pump at Middle Champa 41.589 nagar road P14 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Champa nala road 39.657 P15 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Ganga river bridge 37.130 P16 Marked on pillar top near Nathanagar Chowk at Kailash 45.326 Bihari road P17 Marked on pillar top near Culvert at Bhagalpur university 39.310 P18 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Railway station 44.805 road P19 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Alijung chowk 38.218 P20 Marked on pillar top near Balanatha temple at Railway 41.430 bridge Muzaffarpur P1 Marked on pillar top near Hanuman temple at Akhraghat 57.318 road P2 Marked on pillar top near Radha krishna mandir at 54.391 Sikandarpur road P3 Marked on pillar top near light pole & signal pole at Tower 54.787 chowk P4 Marked on pillar top near Telephone pole at Hathi chowk 53.510 P5 P6 Marked on pillar top near transformer at Banaras Bank chowk Marked on pillar top near Telephone box at Pucci sarai chowk 53.753 53.771 Topographical Survey Report 6
Town Bench Mark Description Value (m) No. P7 Marked on pillar top near transformer at Chandavara chowk 53.595 P8 Marked on pillar top near Jai road at Maligat chowk 54.336 P9 Marked on pillar top, about 400m South of Durga mandir at 53.478 road division P10 Marked on pillar top near Telephone box & Hand pump at 53.496 Ram bagh road P11 Marked on pillar top opposite Hanuman temple at Gosala 53.857 chowk P12 Marked on pillar top near Electric pole at Bela chowk 53.076 P13 Marked on pillar top near Bhajarangabali temple at 52.682 Narayanapur chowk P14 Marked on pillar top near light pole at Mithanpura junction 52.573 P15 Marked on pillar top near corner of the Hanuman temple at 52.777 Kachipakki chowk P16 Marked on pillar top at in front of K.C. Mount fort school 52.974 P17 Marked on pillar top near Langat Singh college at 52.883 Kalambagh road P18 Marked on pillar top South of 380m from Territorial army at 52.815 railway gate P19 Marked on pillar top near Hanuman temple & Railway gate 53.571 at Rewa ghat road P20 Marked on pillar top near Govinda maharaj temple at NH-28 53.058 P21 Marked on pillar top near Telephone pole at Baria junction 54.421 P22 Marked on pillar top near Hand pump at Daudpur road 53.562 P23 Marked on pillar top near Telephone pole at Damodar- 53.707 Katchary road P24 Marked on pillar top near Telephone pole at Imlychatty 53.744 chowk P25 Marked on pillar top near Karvala chowk at Katchary road 53.689 Darbhanga P1 Marked on pillar top near Durga temple at Sai nagar road 50.566 P2 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Panda Sarai road 48.718 P3 Marked on pillar top near Culvert at Shaid Suryanarayana 49.204 Singh chowk P4 Marked on pillar top near Happy home hotel at V.I.P. Road 49.052 P5 Marked on pillar top near Light pole at Karpuri Chowk 49.260 P6 Marked on pillar top near Police chowk at Chandradhari 50.151 sangrahalaya P7 Marked on pillar top near Railway gate at NH-57 50.201 P8 Marked on pillar top near Garid nawag ladies hospital at 53.118 NH-57 P9 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Kaidrabad Chowk 50.339 P10 Marked on pillar top near Hanuman temple at Jayanagar 50.074 road P11 Marked on pillar top near Tiltet at NH-57 48.762 P12 Marked on pillar top near Hanuman temple at Railway gate 50.805 P13 Marked on pillar top at Akkapper road 49.267 Topographical Survey Report 7
Town Bench Mark Description Value (m) No. P14 Marked on pillar top near Telephone pole at Panda sarai 50.550 road P15 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Mirzapur road 50.631 P16 Marked on pillar top near gate at Darbhanga university 49.793 P17 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Chatihara road 51.643 P18 Marked on pillar top near Power pole at Tower chowk 50.347 P19 Marked on pillar top near Coconut tree at Wajid chowk 50.331 P20 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at Neem chowk 50.024 P21 Marked on pillar top near Transformer at L.N. Mishra road 49.667 The TBM points are marked on some important monuments and also at certain intervals on the sides of different roads under the purview of survey and secured with RCC pillars. Some of the TBM pillars established are shown in the photographs in Appendix-A1, A2 and A3 for the towns of Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga respectively, while the locations of all such TBMs are shown in Appendix-B1, B2 and B3 in the CD enclosed with this report. 8. Roads & Drains Surveyed Based on the methodology presented in Section 7, all the established roads of the project towns above 3 meter width were surveyed along with adjoining drains and presented in the relevant maps with ground levels. The details of roads and drains surveyed in different project towns are shown in Table 8.1. Table 8.1: Details of Roads and Drains Surveyed in Different Project Towns Town Description Length(Km) Bhagalpur Roads width below 4.0 m 206.993 Roads width 4.0 m to 7.0 m 68.389 Roads width above 7.0 m 52.212 Total Length of Roads 327.594 Drains on one side of the road 81.589 Drains on both side of the road 46.328 Total Length of Roads with Drains 127.917 Roads without Drain 199.677 Muzaffarpur Roads width below 4.0 m up to 3 m 156.129 Roads width 4.0 m to 7.0 m 55.661 Roads width above 7.0 m 55.459 Total Length of Roads 267.249 Drains on one side of the road 120.848 Drains on both side of the road 74.040 Total Length of Roads with Drains 194.888 Roads without Drain 72.361 Darbhanga Road width below 4.0 m up to 3 m 77.763 Topographical Survey Report 8
Town Description Length(Km) 9.0 Area Survey Road width 4.0 m to 7.0 m 48.314 Road width above 7.0 m 38.729 Total Length of Road 164.806 Drain on one side of the road 50.861 Drain on both side of the road 47.214 Total Length of Roads with Drain 98.075 Roads without Drain 66.731 The Bhagalpur water supply subproject includes 18 numbers of overhead tanks to be constructed in different wards. 18 locations have been identified and surveyed with levels at 10 meter grid. In addition the area proposed for new water treatment plant (adjecent to the existing water treatment plant) was surveyed with levels at 10 meter grid. Table 9.1 shows the locations and land area of the above mentioned open areas. Table 9.1: Locations and Area Surveyed Sl. No. OHT No. Description of Site Ownership Area in Sqm 1 1/1-1 Corner of University Campus- Near Mango orchard Plain vacant land 2 1/1-2 North of Central Training School Scrub land - Vacant, 3 1/1-3 Mahshay Dodi in Champanagar, Durga temple in one corner Play ground/ open land; 4 1/1-4 Abir Mishra Lane in Nath nagar- Open Land 5 2/2-1 Uppertola goaltoli jogsar Chunihari Tola Open land with a cattle shed 6 2/2-2 Within Company Bagh High School school premises 7 2/2-3 On Highway between Jain temple and Rly. Station- Vacant Laqnd 8 3/3-1 South side open space of municipality office bldg. Open field, scrub land 9 3/3-2 Within Rural development deptt. premises in Adampur Open field, shrub land 10 3/3-3 Tripurapura Barahpura With a defunct tube well of Corporation Shrub land 11 4/4-1 Inside Balak Madhya Vidyalaya (Govt. school) at Barari Unutilised corner of playground 12 4/4-2 On the open land, about 150m opposite Sunderban Anandgarh Colony near PHED Tank Open field, scrub land Bhagalpur University (Government Land) 1844.010 State Government 1844.010 Corporation 1218.397 corporation 765.187 corporation 1745.138 State Government - 1683.157 Inter-level Muslim High School, Corporation - 2052.644 2467.725 State Government 1201.427 Corporation - 2160.993 State Government 1650.864 State Government 3548.884 Topographical Survey Report 9
Sl. No. OHT No. Description of Site Ownership Area in Sqm 13 4/4-3 On the open space corner of Durga Ashram Vacant Land with Rubbish disposal 14 5/5-1 Rajakiyakrit Prathamik Vidyalay, Kalabganj Vcant Land with one hand tube well 15 5/5-2 Agriculture Market Complex, Baghbari- Shrub land 16 5/5-3 Aliganj Katghat Vacant Land with one defunct Tube Well 17 5/5-4 Maulana Chowk Maidan Open Ground 18 5/5-5 Mughalpura Qawwali Maidan, 19 Propose WTP Site Hussainabad - Open ground Adjacent to existing WTP Open Land Corporation Corporation 1202.755 578.766 State Government 1382.630 Corporation 1041.909 1577.685 Corporation 1532.507 Corporation State Government 28747.700 Total Area 58246.388 10.0 Maps and Drawings The survey maps and drawings are prepared using AutoCad Civil 3D 2009. All roads along with ground levels at various points, drains and other descriptive features are printed on the map. The scales adopted in presentation of different nature of drawings are shown in Table 10.1. The list of drawings thus produced on the basis of field survey is presented in Table 10.2. All the maps and drawings mentioned in Table 10.2 are presented in the CDs of respective towns and enclosed with this report. Table 10.1: Scales adopted in Maps and Drawings Type of Drawing Scale Plan showing Roads and Drains Horizontal 1:1000 Long Section along Road centre line Horizontal 1:1000 and Vertical 1:100 Cross Sections at different points of the Roads Horizontal 1: 200 and Vertical 1: 50 Plan of open land area with grid leveling Horizontal 1:100 Table 10.2: List of Drawings Town Drawing No. Sheet Refer To Description Nos. Bhagalpur BGP-PL/01 1-41 Plan Showing Spot levels of Roads APPENDIX-C1 Phase-1) BGP-LS/02 1-69 Long Sections of Roads APPENDIX-D1 BGP-CS/03 1-201 Cross Sections of Roads APPENDIX-E1 BGP-BM/04 1 Location of TBM Pillars and Value APPENDIX-B1 BGP-PL/05 1 Plan & Grid levels of WTP site APPENDIX-F1 Mazaffarpur MFP-PL/01 1-40 Plan Showing Spot levels of Road APPENDIX-C2 MFP-LS/02 1-68 Long Sections of Roads APPENDIX-D2 MFP-CS/03 1-241 Cross Sections of Roads APPENDIX-E2 MFP-BM/04 1 Location of TBM Pillars and Value APPENDIX-B2 Darbhanga DBG-PL/01 1-39 Plan Showing Spot levels of Road APPENDIX-C3 DBG -LS/02 1-39 Long Sections of Roads APPENDIX-D3 DBG -CS/03 1-142 Cross Sections of Roads APPENDIX-E3 DBG -BM/04 1 Location of TBM Pillars and Value APPENDIX-B3 Bhagalpur BGP-PL/01 (R) 1-41 Plan Showing Spot levels of Roads APPENDIX-C1/R (Phase-II) BGP-LS/02 (R) 1-39 Long Sections of Roads APPENDIX-D1/R BGP-CS/03 (R) 1-98 Cross Sections of Roads APPENDIX-E1/R Topographical Survey Report 10
Town Drawing No. Sheet Nos. Area Survey 19 Sheet Description Area for OHT No. 1/1/1-4, 2/2/1-3, 3/3/1-3, 4/4/1-3, 5/5/1-5 & Site for proposed WTP Refer To APPENDIX-F1/R 11.0 Acknowledgement The Consultants wish to acknowledge with thanks and appreciation the cooperation of the Commissioners and staff of the Corporations of Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga in providing guidance at different stages during the survey work. In particular the Consultants would like to thank the Principal Secretary, Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar for their support in conducting the survey. Topographical Survey Report 11