Temperature and Humidity Individual Controll HVAC System with the New Desiccant Device DESICA-

Transcription

1 Temperature and Humidity Individual Controll HVAC System with the New Desiccant Device DESICA- Tadafumi Nishimura DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. Osaka, Japan November. 11, 2014 Annex 40 Workshop 1

2 The effectiveness of the Temperature and Humidity Individual Control (THIC) HVAC System Using VRF and Heat Pump Desiccant 2

3 Contents 1. Back Ground 2. Introduction of the New HVAC System 3. VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load 4. High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant System 5. The Demonstration Test 6. Evaluation of the Whole Year Operation 7. Case Study 8. Conclusions 3

4 Back Ground GHG emission in commercial buildings increased by 66% in last two decades in Japan Distribution of Green House Gas Emission by Sector 12% About 66% increase GHG emission in commercial section has increased roughly 66% 4

5 Back Ground There are two types of approaches for ZEB. Passive method Consumes really small (sometimes zero) energy. Necessary to built the tip top high quality buildings. Active method Consumes some amount of energy. Can be installed in various conditions/sites. Requires less designing work in installations. 5

6 Back Ground There are two types of approaches for ZEB. Passive method Consumes really small (sometimes zero) energy. Necessary to built the tip top high quality buildings. Active method Consumes some amount of energy. Can be installed in various conditions/sites. Requires less designing work in installations. 6

7 Back Ground To achieve ZEB, the energy consumption required for the air conditioning should be reduced by 72%. Required Energy Conservation for Air Conditioning to Achieve ZEB 8% 6% 3% Reference 31% 61% 23% 29% Annual Electricity production of PV ZEB 72% 5F 3F 8% 10% 4% 37% 22% 18% 7

8 600 Back Ground Most of the air-conditioning load occurs in less than 50% of the peek load Annual distribution of the partial air-conditioning load required 7000 accumlated operating hours (H Cooling Heating Integrated Capacity(kWh) Cooling Heating 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Load factor (%) 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Load factor (%) Area Nihonbashi, Tokyo Floor Space About 3000m 2 Story 8F Usage office 8

9 Introduction of the New HVAC System THIC can achieve higher performance in each of the sensible or latent heat treatment Temperature control (Higher evaporating temperature) Humidity control (Use Humidity sensor) Refrigerant Pipe Higher sensible heat capacity Multiple split air-conditioning system Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Highly Effective Compact Desiccant Unit Heat Pump Desiccant(HPD) For temperature, performance improvement was easily achieved by raising evaporating temperature. For humidity, we focused on desiccant technology to achieve high performance. 9

10 VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load In partial load operations, the performance of VRF can be improved drastically by the adoption of low temperature/pressure difference operations Pressure(MPa) C onventionalvrf Sensible C apacity Enhansed VRF Low er the C ondensation Tem perature C ooling C apacity R aise the Evaporative Tem perature Energy C onsum ption Enthalpy(kJ/kg) 10

11 VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load By raising the evaporative temperature, the efficiency of VRF is improved but dehumidification capacity becomes low. Energy Efficiency Ratio (%) (COP under Evaporative Temperatue of Each Condition 効率比 / (%) of 6 dgree C) 180% 172% 164% 156% 148% 140% 132% 124% 116% 108% 100% Energy 効率比 Efficiency Ratio Latent 潜熱比 Heat Factor Capacity 能力比 Ratio Evaporative 蒸発温度 Temperature( ) ( ) Latent Heat Factor(Latent 潜熱比, 能力比 Heat / Total Heat), Capacity Ratio(Maximum Capacity Under Evaporative temperature of Each Condition / of 6 degree C) 11

12 VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load The development of new compressor prevent the drop of the compressor efficiency in the low load operations. Efficiency of Compressor 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% C onventionalc om pressore C om pressing R atio 12

13 VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load The development of new compressor prevent the drop of the compressor efficiency in the low load operations. Efficiency of Compressor 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% C onventionalc om pressore N ew C om pressor C om pressing R atio 13

14 VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load Calculated performance behavior in accordance with the ambient temperature and load factor. Efficiency Ratio (%) (COP under each condition / CO under rated condition) TH IC w ith 25 outer air TH IC w ith 30 outer air TH IC w ith 35 outer air C onventionalw ith 25 outer air C onventionalw ith 30 outer air C onventionalw ith 35 outer air 0 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Load Factor (R equired Load / M axim um C apacity) 14

15 VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load Measured performance is much higher than the conventional VRF in partial load operation as calculated. Efficiency Ratio (%) (COP under each condition / CO under rated condition) TH IC with 25 outer air TH IC with 30 outer air TH IC with 35 outer air C onventionalw ith 25 outer air C onventionalw ith 30 outer air C onventionalw ith 35 outer air TH IC with 20 outer air m easured TH IC with 25 outer air m easured TH IC with 30 outer air m easured TH IC with 35 outer air m easured 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Load Factor (R equired Load / M axim um C apacity) 15

16 High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant system The desorption heat required in the conventional desiccant system have to be provided on the air before the adsorption rotor and it makes the temperature very high. Conventional Desiccant Dehumidifier with Two Rotors Supply to Indoor 3 Sensible heat recovery rotor 2 Adsorption rotor Outdoor Air 1 Indoor Air Exhaust to outdoor 7 Electric Heater Outdoor Air at Point 1 => Dehumidified by Adsorption rotor (Point 2) => Cooled by Sensible heat recovery rotor and => Supplied to Indoor (Point 3) 16

17 High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant system The new device with the adsorbent coating on the surface of the heat exchanger enabled the direct cooling and heating of adsorbent. New Type of Heat Exchanger Combined with Adsorbent Hybrid desiccant Element(HDE) Adsorption rotor HDE FIN Normal Cross-fin Heated Coil 17

18 High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant system Dehumidification Humidity of the outdoor air is adsorbed Outdoor Air Exhaust Air HBD Element Supply Air Indoor Air The humidified air is exhausted to outdoor Every each interval 4way valve refrigerant Damper air The humidified air is exhausted to outdoor Outdoor Air Exhaust Air HBD Element Supply Air Indoor Air Humidity of the outdoor air is adsorbed 18

19 High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant system The HP desiccant is realized with 2.5 times higher performance and 1/3 of compactness. Structure of HPD HDE Damper Temperature-humidity sensor Exhaust Fan ELECTRIC COMPONENT BOX Supply Fan 19

20 The Demonstration Test The demonstration test was conducted in the office space in Nagoya university THIC system Conventional system m2 Occupant:12 Indoor unit 3 HP Desiccant 2 Indoor unit 4 Humidifiable HRV m2 Occupant:22 20

21 The Demonstration Test Room air condition in Summer (Set temperature is 28 deg C). Conventional System can t dehumidify the room enough. Absolute Humidity (g/kg) Inner A ir C ondition A m bient A ir C ondition Tem perature( ) THIC System 100% 70% 60% 50% 40% Absolute Humidity (g/kg) Inner A ir C ondition A m bient A ir C ondition 100% 70% 60% 50% 40% Tem perature( ) Conventional System 21

22 The Demonstration Test Room air condition in Summer (Set temperature is 26 deg C). Conventional System over-dehumidify the room. Absolute Humidity (g/kg) Inner A ir C ondition Am bient A ir C ondition THIC System 100% 70% 60% 50% 40% Tem perature( ) Absolute Humidity (g/kg) Inner A ir C ondition A m bient A ir C ondition 100% 70% Tem perature( ) Conventional System 60% 50% 40% 22

23 The Demonstration Test The result of questionnaire shows that the THIC system can provide more comfortable inner air conditions. 100% W arm -C old Sense 100% C om fortability Answer Ratio 80% 60% 40% 20% C old M edium Hot Answer Ratio 80% 60% 40% 20% C om fort D iscom fort 0% THIC System C onventional System 0% THIC System C onventional System 23

24 The Demonstration Test The energy consumption of summer was reduced by almost half. C onventional System TH IC System C onventional System -47.4% A verage D ayly Energy C onsum ption(kw h/m 2 day) Set temperature was 28 deg C V entilation Fan H P D esiccant C om pressor V entilation Standby Pow er R equirem ent Inner U nit of V R F O uter U nit of V R F V R F Standby Pow er R equirem ent V entilation Fan H P D esiccant C om pressor TH IC System -46.5% V entilation Standby Pow er R equirem ent Inner U nit of V R F O uter U nit of V R F A verage D aily Energy C onsum ption(kw h/m 2 day) Set temperature was 26 deg C V R F Standby Pow er R equirem ent 24

25 The Demonstration Test The energy consumption of winter was reduced by almost 30%. C onventional System TH IC System -26.4% V entilation Fan H P D esiccant C om pressor V entilation Standby P ower R equirem ent Inner U nit of V R F O uter U nit of V R F A verage D aily Energy C onsum ption(kw hu/m 2 day) Set temperature was 20 deg C V R F Standby P ow er R equirem ent 25

26 Evaluation of the Whole Year Operation In case that the THIC system is installed in the high quality buildings, total amount of the energy consumption throuth a year will be reduced by more than 70%. Energy Consumption [kwh/year 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 C onventional S ystem -74% THIC S ystem Standby P ower Requirem ent HRV HP D esiccant VRF Indoor U nit VRF O uter U nit Energy C onsum ption [kw h/m onth] Energy C onsum ption [kw h/m onth] 1,200 1, ,200 1, M onth Conventional System M onth THIC System 26

27 Back Ground To achieve ZEB, the energy consumption required for the air conditioning should be reduced by 72%. Required Energy Conservation for Air Conditioning to Achieve ZEB 8% 6% 3% Reference 31% 61% 23% 29% Annual Electricity production of PV ZEB 72% 5F 3F 8% 10% 4% 37% 22% 18% 27

28 Case Study The new HVAC system also shows that the energy consumption for air conditioning can be reduced down to 5.24kWh/m 2 annual can fulfill the condition to achieve ZEB. Typical Floor Plan A A The High Quality Building s Case Study 照明使用率 % A-A Section Drawing Schedule of Liting and the Men in Ventilation Air is Controlled in Accordance with Room s CO2 Density Air Conditioning only operates in summer and winter. VRF Engy Consmpt HP Desiccant Engy Consmpt Air Conditioned Area Energy Consumption / Area Result 4581kWh 4104kWh m kwh/m 2 28

29 Conclusion This newly developed THIC system was demonstrated and showed its potential to maintain (or improve) indoor comfort reduce the energy consumption drastically. I believe that this THIC system will become one of the key technologies to achieve Zero Energy Buildings in the near future. 29

30 Thank you very much for your attention. 30