Drying Characteristics of High Quality Cassava Flour

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Rudolph Joseph
5 years ago
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Moothandassery 1, Alumoottil Jyothi 1 and Lateef Sanni 3 1.

University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

1 Drying Characteristics of High Quality Cassava Flour Sheriff Jaffer Thajudhin 1*, Tomlins Keith 2, Sajeev Moothandassery 1, Alumoottil Jyothi 1 and Lateef Sanni 3 1. ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 2. NRI, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK 3. University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. * jtsheriff@rediffmail.com, Registrant ID# 2243 World Conference on Root and Tuber Crops, Nanning, China January 18-23, 2016

2 Indian Scenario of cassava Ø India occupies 13 th rank in cassava area globally. Ø Cassava area is concentrated in Southern peninsular region of India and NE region of India. Non-traditional areas --- Maharashtra and Gujarat Utilisation of cassava in India Fresh cassava Cassava flour Cassava starch Sago Cassava wafer 2

3 PRODUCTION OF CASSAVA State Area, (thousand Ha) Production, (thousand tonnes) Product ivity Share (%) Tamil Nadu , Kerala , Andhra Pradesh Meghalaya Pondicherry Assam Karnataka Nagaland A&N Others Total ,

4 Cassava Peeling Washing Chipping Drying Grinding Sieving Cassava Peeling Washing Grating Pressing Second Grating Mechanical Drying Sieving Packaging Packaging Comparision of the Production process of Cassava Flour in India and HQCF

Chips-375-400 Kg Fine Flour (300-320 Kg) Packaging

5 Coarse flour Fresh roots, 1000 kg Peeling Washing Chipping Drying Grinding Milling Sieving Peel, 200 kg Chips Kg Fine Flour ( Kg) Packaging Fibre Kg Unit operations in cassava flour production

6 Experimental details for drying of cassava chips and gratings

9 Weight of fresh cassava 61.97Kg Weight of peeled tuber 48.54Kg % of peel 21.66% Peeled tuber taken for gra@ng 26.07Kg Weight of final grates % of recovery 96.98% Weight of gra@ng taken for pressing 25.28Kg Moisture content of gra:ng 63.4% Weight of pressed gra@ng 18.00Kg % of water dewatered 27.1% % of starch loss 2.90% Final moisture of pressed gra:ngs 36.30%

10 PEELED CASSAVA CRUSHED CASSAVA AVERAGE=92.4% PRESSED CASSAVA FRUIT WATER (26.6%) + WET STARCH (2.3%) AVERAGE=63.5% DRY STARCH (0.51%)

11 Drying of cassava chips and pressed cassava gratings for the production of cassava flour Cassava chips & pressed cassava gratings dried in open sun and solar yard Solar yard drying pressed cassava gratings dried faster and yielded bright coloured white cassava flour

12 Moisture Content,% Open Sun Solar Yard Tray Drier Moisture content% Moisture content, % L.D- 3Kg.m - 2 Open Sun Solar Yard Tray Drier L.D. 5Kg.m - 2 Open Sun Solar Yard Tray Drier L.D.7Kg.m - 2 Total drying time-47h Sun shine -11h Drying of peeled cassava chips

13 Moisture Content, % Night 8AM 9AM 10AM 11AM 12Noon 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 5Pm 8AM 9AM 10AM 11AM 12Noon 1PM Open Sun Solar Yard Tray Drier (LD- 3Kg.m - 2 ) Moisture Content, % Open Sun Solar Yard Tray Drier Total drying time-20h Sun shine -8h Moisture Content, % (LD- 5Kg.m - 2 ) Open Sun Solar Yard Tray Drier (LD- 7 Kg.m - 2 ) Drying of peeled cassava pressed gratings

14 Source of drying Open Sun 60 rpm 120 rpm 180 rpm 3Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m Yard Drying 3Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m Mechanical Drying (Tray) Viscosities of HQCF 3Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m

15 Source of drying Open Sun L a b Whitenes s index Total Colour Change 3Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m Yard Drying 3Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m Mechanical Drying (Tray) Colour of HQCF 3Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m

16 Starch and Sugar content of HQCF Source of drying Starch, % Sugar, % Open Sun 3 Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m Yard Drying 3 Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m Mechanical Drying (Tray) 3 Kg.m Kg.m Kg.m

17 Conclusions CHIPS Ø About 2-3 days were required for drying the chips to a final moisture of 10-11% (IMC 61-64% (w.b)) through open sun or yard drying. Ø Drying of 3 Kg.m -2 loading density chips in the open sun has taken lesser time than 5 Kg.m -2 and 7 Kg.m -2 loading density chips. Ø Drying time required to dry 3 Kg.m -2 chips in the direct sun was seven hours, whereas the 5Kg.m -2 chips has taken 11 hours and 7Kg.m -2 loading density chips has taken 13 hours

18 CHIPS Ø Drying time required to dry chips of 3Kg.m -2 loading density in the poly carbonated solar yard was six hours, whereas the 5Kg.m -2 chips has taken 9 hours and 7Kg.m -2 chips has taken 11 hours Ø Dying of chips under poly carbonated solar yard saved about 1-2 h than drying under open sun. Ø Drying time required for drying 3Kg.m -2, 5 kg.m -2 and 7 kg.m -2 loading density chips in tray drier ranged hours when the tray dryer air temperature was set at 48±5 C.

19 Pressed tuber gratings Ø About 2 days were required for drying the pressed tuber gratings to a final moisture of 10-11% (IMC 43-48% (w.b)) through open sun or yard dryer. Ø Drying time required for pressed gratings of 3Kg.m -2 loading density in the open sun was lesser than 5 Kg.m -2 followed by 7 Kg.m -2. Ø The drying time required to dry 3 Kg.m -2 pressed gratings in the direct sun was six hours, whereas the 5Kg.m -2 pressed gratings has taken 7 hours Ø The loading density of 7Kg.m -2 of pressed gratings has taken 10 hours drying time.

20 Ø The drying time required to dry pressed gratings of 3 Kg.m -2 loading density in the poly carbonated solar yard was five hours, whereas the 5Kg.m -2 chips has taken 6 hours. Ø The loading density of 7Kg.m -2 of pressed gratings has taken 9 hours and 7 hours. Ø Drying of pressed gratings under poly carbonated solar yard saved about 1-2 h than drying under open sun. Ø Drying time required for drying 3Kg.m -2, 5 kg.m -2 and 7 kg.m -2 pressed gratings in tray drier ranged from 15-17h when the tray dryer air temperature was set at 40±5 C.

21 Ø The viscosities values ranged from 7.36 to 18.03cP. Ø Starch and sugar content of cassava pressed gratings ranged from % and %, respectively. Ø The L values ranged from to 98.55% and whiteness index ranged from Ø The whiteness index values were high for tray dried cassava pressed gratings followed by open sun dried gratings and poly carbonated yard dried products.

22 Thank you

A Guide to the Sun Drying of Pressed Cassava Mash

NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (C:AVA) Project A Guide to the Sun Drying of Pressed Cassava Mash A Guide to the Sun Drying of Pressed Cassava Mash Introduction Fresh cassava