Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)

Transcription

1 Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris) 1½ vigorous large mounded clumps. CT native, found in wetlands, marshes, wet woods/meadows, shallow water, by streambanks. Many loose clusters of 1-2 vibrantly sunny shiny golden-yellow flowers, with 5-9 petal-like sepals, April to June, above foliage. A soft yellow pillow of stamens in the center, enclosing carpels. Flowers produce pods (the carpels), which split open when ripe, dispersing seeds. Bold glossy rounded heart-shaped bright green leaves, long-stalked and finely toothed around the margins. The leaves increase in size over the season to 7. Sun to shade, best flowers in sun; Wet rich soil ideal, moist soil is alright if the plant is shaded from full sun. Tolerates shallow water. Good under deciduous trees, as it prefers part shade during the peak summer heat. In hot dry summer sun leaves may go dormant, so it s a good idea to plant it with late perennials like ferns and hostas, to take up that potential empty space. Selfseeding can lead to small colonies in ideal conditions. Use in moist gardens, water gardens, by ponds. Lights up moist or boggy areas. Streamside buffers. Attracts birds, amphibians, butterflies, bees, dragonflies. See photo at right, sheltering fish. Photo 1: Benutzerin: BS Thurner commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:calthus-palustris-knospe.jpg Photo 2: Christopher Noll, Univ. of Wisc. at Stevens Point wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?spcode=calpal3 Photos 3, 4 Eleanor Saulys, Connecticut Botanical Society ct-botanical-society.org/ Photo 5: H. Zell commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:caltha_palustris_002.jpg Photo 6: Merel Black, Univ. of Wisc. at Stevens Point wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?spcode=calpal3 Photo 7: Hajotthu commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:sumpfdotterblume003.jpg Photo 8: Wicktel; commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/file:caltha_palustris_samenstand.jpg Photo 9 Ejdzej; commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/file:caltha_palustris-rybki_pod_kaczencami-2006.jpg Photo 10 Wildfeuer; commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/file: caltha_palustris01.jpg Photo 11 Northsky71; commons.hortipedia.com/ wiki/file:caltha_palustris_meadow_photo_file_415kb.jpg

2 Narrow Leaved Sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius) 5-8 x 3-4 upright, bushy, gradually increasing clump. Tall striking plant that needs room to grow. Native NY south, found in coastal swamps and wet meadows. Prolific clusters of 2-3 glowing bright yellow daisies, with narrow petals with a purple-brown disc, on stout stems branching along their upper quarters. Blooms September- October, among the last flowers of the growing season. Each stem may have flower heads. Spectacular at a distance or up close. 8 long but very narrow dark glossy leathery leaves, sandpapery but visually finely textured. Sun to part sun; full sun for best flowering. In part shade, pinch plants back in early summer to encourage branching and reduce height. Prefers moist organic soil, but tolerates wet to average, and most soil types. Salt and flood tolerant. Plant crown at soil level, and water slowly/deeply. Keep soil moist until plant established, and mulch. If you wish to reduce width of maturing plant, spade out outer edges with roots (also producing new divisions to plant). Dramatic in autumn. Use as specimen or in masses for rear of borders, in meadows, for screening, cottage gardens, low areas. Great cut flowers. Streamside buffers. Nectar and larval food for Painted Lady Butterfly, and nectar for Wild Indigo Duskywing Common Buckeye, and 71 other native butterflies. Attracts many species of bees and other nectar feeders. Seeds are excellent for birds, including Goldfinches. Photos 1, 2, 3: Mount Cuba Center mtcubacenter.org/plant-finder/details/helianthus-angustifolius/ helianthus_angustifolius%20.html Photo 4: Shirley Denton, Florida Native Plant Society fnps.org/plants/plant/helianthus-angustifolius Photo 5: greenebriar flickr.com/photos/ @n05/ /sizes/z/ Photo 6: Mary Derrick, University of Florida/IFAS Extension

3 Obedient Plant Miss Manners (Physotegia virginiana) upright sturdy compact clumps. Though Obedient Plants are known for spreading with some abandon, Miss Manners is a non-spreading form, introduced by Darrell Probst, of MA. Native in Vermont, Maine, Rhode Island, New York; found in open meadows. Dense strong 8-10 flower spikes and numerious side shoots filled with closely-packed tubular snapdragonlike pure-white 1 flowers, arranged in 4 vertical rows on square stems. Flowers bloom from bottom to top, for a long summer bloom season, June to September. Remove spent flowers for increased re-flowering. Individual Obedient Plant flowers can be pushed in any direction, and will stay there obediently narrow, waxy, lance-shaped, sharp-toothed deep green leaves, at right angles on the upright square stiff and unbranched stems. Easy to grow in full sun (the best) or light shade. Plant in well-drained, average to moist soil. Does not tolerate drought so needs to be watered in dry spells. A light summer mulch helps retain soil moisture and keeps roots cool. Use for perennial borders, wildflower gardens, cottage gardens, rain gardens, meadows. Good cut flowers. Very good for separating other bright flower colors in the garden. Excellent choice for a pollinator garden. Attracts bumblebees, butterflies, hummingbirds. Deer tend not to eat this plant. Photo 1: Kingsbrae Garden flickr.com/photos/kingsbraegarden/ /sizes/z/ Photo 2: Janet flickr.com/photos/ @n08/ /sizes/z/ Photos 3, 4: North Central Conservation District Photo 5: Cornelll Plantations ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/1215

4 Ox Eye Daisy Summer Nights (Heliopsis helianthoides) 3-4 x 2 upright, shrubby, loosely branched clumps. CT native, found in meadows, fields, thickets, open woods, dry woods, on wooded slopes, by stream banks, in floodplains. Summer Nights is a North Creek Nurseries (PA) introduction. Great quantities of deep gold-yellow 2-3 daisies with color deepening around the deep mahogany centers, June-August. Held above long stiff dark purple-red stems. Usually doesn t require staking. Coarsely toothed red-tinged clean green 6 leaves. Sun, part sun; Moist to average well-drained, prefers fertile but tolerates poor soil, drought. Drought tolerant once established. Removing spent flowers extends flowering season. Divide in spring every three years to maintain vigor. If desired, reduce height by cutting back in early summer. If ragged after flowering, can cut back hard. Reliable, carefree, long-lived. One of the finest large summer bloomers. Ideal in the back of the perennial border, or use among shrubs, in less formal areas, meadows. Good cut flower. Attracts at least 8 types of bees, including honeybees, bumblebees, digger bees. Nectar and pollen attract butterflies, including Atlantis Fritillary, and moths. Attracts hummingbirds. Seed source for birds. Photo 1: Mark Dwyer, Dir. of Horticulture, Rotary Botanical Gardens rotarygardens.blogspot.com/2014/03/a-cooler-week.html Photo 2: North Creek Nurseries northcreeknurseries.com/plantname/heliopsis-helianthoides-summer-nights Photo 3: North Central Conservation District Photo 4: Longwood Gardens Plant Explorer plantexplorer.longwoodgardens.org/weboi/oecgi2.exe/inet_ecm_ DispPl?NAMENUM=27129&DETAIL=1 Photo 5: skai leja flickr.com/photos/skaileja/

5 Sharp-lobed Hepatica (Hepatica acutiloba) 3-6 x 8-12 elegant tidy clumps that increase yearly. If well-grown, each clump will in time have dozens of leaves and flowers. CT native, found in moist to medium rich (often alkaline) open high quality upland woods (beech-maple), north slopes, rocky bluffs. Downy buds on upright reddish-green 4-5 stems; open to charming cup-shaped 1 flowers with 6-8 oval petals, variably white, blue, violet, or pink, with yellow-green domelike centers circled with many sparkly-white stamens. March to April, before leaves. One of the first wildflowers to bloom. Just after flowering, leathery leaves appear, with three 3 deeply-cut oval sharp-pointed lobes, held on 6 slender stems. Leaves turn purplish in fall, then remain a red-brown through winter. Leave undisturbed until new leaves emerge in spring. Part sun to shade, prefers dappled sun in spring, light shade in summer. Moist well-drained, rich, neutral to slightly alkaline soil. Tolerates somewhat dry soil, slightly acid soil, heavy soil. Likes good air movement. Responds well to being in gardens, with light fertilization in spring, and an occasional bit of limestone. Provide leaf mold or compost mulch in fall or late spring after flowering. Once planted, do not move. Long-lived and tough once settled. A harbinger of spring in woods. Use in woodland gardens. Place some where you can view then close up. The best effects are in drifts and among rocks. Provides pollen for bees. Photos 1, 2: R.W. Smith, Michigan Flora Online, UM michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2376 Photo 3: Ettore Balocchi commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:ranuncolaceae_-_ Anemone_hepatica-1.JPG Photo 4: Archenzo Moggio en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file;hepatica_nobilis_plant.jpg Photo 5: Fornax en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:hepatica_nobilis_kelchbl%c3%a4tter_w.jpg Photo 6: Kenraiz Krzyszlof Ziarnek en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:hepatica_nobilis_kz1.jpg Photo 7: Merel R. Black Univ. of WI-Stevens Point wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=2528 Photo 8: L. Wallis Michigan Flora Online, UMich. michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2376 Photo 9: Christopher Noll Univ. of WI-Stevens Point wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=2528 Photo 10: Peter M. Dziuk, Minnesota Wildflowers minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/sharp-lobed-hepatica

6 Smooth Solomon s Seal (Polygonatum biflorum) 1-3 unique statuesque upright arching clumps. Creeps slowly to form scattered clumps or large stands, depending on site conditions. CT native, found in moist woods. The tall unbranched arching stalks alternate leaves in 2 ranks. The smooth 4 bright green oval leaves have prominent parallel veins and pointed tips, and stay clean and refined through the growing season. Nodding tubular bell-shaped.5 to 1 fragrant white flowers, tipped in light green, with stamens and styles hidden inside the tube. The flowers dangle in pairs, usually in clusters of four, from the base of each leaf, along and underneath the stem, April-May. Each flower is replaced by a showy.25 hanging blue berry, in late summer. Fall color is an attractive golden yellow, contrasting nicely with the blue berries. Part to full shade. Easily grown in average to moist well-drained soil. Prefers light shade in moist cool rich humusy soil. Tolerates erosion, and wet soil. Fairly drought tolerant. Undemanding. May take 1-2 years to establish. Adds elegance to shade or woodland gardens, as specimen or in masses. Can also be used in rain gardens, rock gardens, or naturalized areas. A wonderful neighbor for spring wildflowers. Good for flower arrangements all growing season. Erosion control: good groundcover for steep slopes. Stream buffers. Starchy, edible rhizomes were formerly used by early Americans as a potato-like food. (The berries are slightly toxic, though.) Attracts bumblebees. Attracts butterflies. Attracts hummingbirds. Fruit attracts birds. Wildlife cover. Photo 1: Jeff Pippen, North Carolina Wildflowers jeffpippen.com/plants/polygonatum.htm Photo 2: Robert W. Freckmann, Flora of Wisconsin wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4568 Photo 3: David G. Smith, Delaware Wildflowers delawarewildflowers.org/plant.php?id=1518 Photos 4, 5: K. Chayka, Minnesota Wildflowers minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/smooth-solomons-seal Photo 6: Steve Baskauf, Discover Life; discoverlife.org Photo 7: Mount Cuba Center mtcubacenter.org/plant-finder/details/polygonatum-biflorum/ Photo 9: Peter Dziuk, Minnesota Wildflowers minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/smooth-solomons-seal Photo 10: jacki-dee flickr.com/photos/werms/ /sizes/l

7 Spiderwort Red Grape (Tradescantia virginiana x andersoniana) 1 x 1.5 compact lush dense clumps. A hybrid: one of the parents is a CT native, and the other a U.S. native. Found in rich open woodlands, meadows, thickets, hillsides, by stream banks. An Iris relative. Named for 17th century English botanist John Tradescant, who brought back the species plant to England from Virginia. Clusters of lightly fragrant 1.5 bright jewel-toned red-violet three-petal flowers, with fuzzy darker magenta stamens tipped with contrasting golden-yellow pollen. Blooms May to June (the biggest flush), then again more sporadically August/ September, once the cooler weather arrives. Each flower opens up for only for a day, but there are always a number of flowers in the cluster in bloom during the flowering period. Small seed capsules form as part of the flower cluster, but seeds do not come true to the cultivar. 15 x 1 blue-green arching leaves with a slight purplish tint. The name spiderwort comes from the viscous silky spider-web-like stem secretion of cut leaves. Part shade to sun. In part shade the flowers stay open longer during the day (they respond to heat). However, more flowers produced in sun. Medium to quite moist soils, prefers moist humus-rich soil. Tolerates somewhat dry soils. Remove flower stalks once spent to encourage re-bloom. Cut plant back to the ground if plant sprawls in midsummer, to encourage new growth and second later flowering. Very adaptable, easily grown. Use to brighten shady areas and borders, in informal areas, cottage gardens, open woodlands, rain gardens, by streams or ponds. Stream buffers. Attracts bees, including bumblebees, honeybees, little Carpenter bees, and Halictine bees. Attracts butterflies. Photos 1, 3: Jean-Pol Grandmont commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:0_tradescantia_%27red_ grape%27_-_mis%c3%a8re_-_jpg1.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:0_tradescantia_%27red_ grape%27_-_mis%c3%a8re_-_jpg2.jpg Photos 2, 4: North Creek Nurseries northcreeknurseries.com/plantname/tradescantia--red-grape

8 Summer Phlox Shortwood (Phlox paniculata) x 2-3 tall vigorous upright clump. Shortwood is the only five-star rated Summer Phlox cultivar, according to a comparison study conducted by the Chicago Botanic Garden. Ratings are based on flower production, good health, strong habits, and superior resistance to powdery mildew and spider mites. 78 cultivars were followed over eight years. Native New York south, found in rich open woods, thickets, fertile bottomlands, meadows, by streambanks. Abundant numbers of fragrant pyramidal 6-12 clusters, holding.5-1 densely arranged deeo rosy-pink flowers with darker pink eyes, with long corolla tubes topped with five flat notched petal-like lobes. Atop stiff upright stems that seldom need staking. Very long-blooming, from July into Sept. Strong upright leafy stems with pairs of 4-6 -long narrow lance-shaped leaves. Sun to light shade; moist to average well-drained moderately fertile soil, prefers rich moist organic soil, good air circulation, and a layer of mulch. Top dress with compost in the spring. Likes water during dry spells, light summer mulch. Remove spent flowers for re-bloom. Phloxes are the backbone of late summer flower borders. Shortwood works well towards the rear of perennial borders. Excellent long-lasting fragrant cut flowers. Attracts butterflies, including Swallowtails and Fritillaries, and moths, including Hummingbird Moths and Sphinx Moths. Attracts bees. Attracts hummingbirds. Photo 1: Mark Rudy, Chicago Botanic Garden chicagobotanic.org/downloads/planteval_notes/ no35_phloxpaniculata.pdf Photos 2, 3, 5: Missouri Botanical Garden missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfindersearch.aspx Photo 4: Michael Pascoe canadaplants.ca

9 White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) 1-3 robust, stiffly erect, leafy-stemmed clumps. CT native, found in wet woods, swamps, shores, along streams, low meadow, wet thickets. Dense spikes with tight cluster of hooded, two-lipped flowers, white with a tinge of pink, resembling turtleheads, July to September. Upright square stems with 4-6 dark toothed lustrous narrowly-lanceshaped leaves. Sun to shade, part shade ideal. Light, rich, wet to medium soils, moist preferred. Keep moist in full sun. If very shady, pinch back stem-ends in spring to reduce height, increase bushiness, and strengthen stems. Low-maintenance. Strong grower, naturalizes by underground rhizomes. Use in shade borders, woodland gardens, bog or water gardens, rain gardens, wet meadows, on slopes. Streamside buffers. Attracts bumblebees. Attracts butterflies. One of two larval food plants for Baltimore Checkerspot. Attracts Ruby Throated Hummingbirds. The leaves taste bitter, so deer tend to avoid eating the plant. Photo 1: Steve Baskauf discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=i_sop2910&res=640 Photos 2, 4, 5, 7: North Central Conservation District Photo 3: Mt. Cuba Center mtcubacenter.org/plant-finder/details/chelone-glabra/ Photo 6: University of Wisconsin- Stevens Point Mark Mittelstadt, Mineral Point; wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?spcode=chegla1

10 Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) 1-2 low-mounding wildflower. CT native, found in rocky woods, 0n slopes. 12 dark-stemmed sprays of lovely 1-2 nodding bell-like flowers, with red sepals, yellow petals, 5 red backwardprojecting spurs, and prominent yellow stamens hanging below petals. Flowers freely, May-June. Attractive delicate-looking compound leaves, each with 3 round-lobed leaflets. Follicle fruit with 5 long beaks. Sun to part shade. Welldrained ordinary soil, easy to grow. Prefers humusy rich moist soils in part shade. Tolerates rocky dry soil in shaded areas and slopes. Keep soils moist after bloom to prevent foliage from dying back. If foliage deteriorates, cut to ground, and new foliage will emerge, looking good through growing season. Use in woodlands, wildflower gardens, for fronts of borders, as edging, on slopes, in rock gardens, containers. Lights up the semi-shade. The long spur-like tubes attract long-tongued bees, including bumblebees. Attracts butterflies, Hawk Moths. Larval host for the Columbine Duskywing Butterfly. Very attractive to hummingbirds, which are especially adapted for reaching nectar in the long tubes. Buntings and Finches eat seeds. Leaves toxic to deer, other mammals Photo 1: Peter Dzuik, MN Wildflowers;minnesotawild flowers.info/flower/red-columbine Photos 2, 4: N. Central Conservation District Photo 3: David G. Smith, Delaware Wildflowers; delawarewildflowers.org Photo 5: Ghislain118, Fleurs-desmontagnes.net; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Aquilegia_canadensis_%27nana%27.jpg Photo 6: Missouri Botanic PlantFinder mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder Photo 7: Katy Chayna, Minnesota Wildflowers minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/red-columbine