LH NYSFOLA July 24, Chris Doyle, CLM Allied Biological, Inc. 580 Rockport Road Hackettstown, NJ

Transcription

1 LH NYSFOLA July 24, 2015 Chris Doyle, CLM Allied Biological, Inc. 580 Rockport Road Hackettstown, NJ

2 An Excellent Reference Through the Looking Glass A Field Guide to Aquatic Plants By Borman, Korth, and Temte, 1997 Not a Taxonomic Key Excellent line drawings Ecology Information Focuses on Wisconsin Plants Inexpensive (~$25) Please note: Flowers and seeds are required for most positive identifications, yet they are only produced at specific times during the year

3 Additional References Crow and Hellquist it Volume 1 and 2 Focuses on Invasive Plants and native Look alikes Websites University of Florida: Center for Aquatic Plants ( USDA: Plant Profiles (

4 Submersed Plant: Curly leaf leaf Pondweed Potamogeton crispus The only invasive pondweed Native to Europe and Asia Established in most US States Thrives in disturbed water Serrated, wavy leaves (stiff) Early Grower (winter) Natural die-off in June/July Decaying plant biomass can trigger algae blooms Pine cone-like turions Control Options: Herbicides

5 Curly leaf l fpondweed d Stems can reach 3 to 4 meters long!

6 Submersed Plant: Eurasian water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Native in Europe and Asia Most common exotic invasive aquatic plant in the USA Millions of $$ spent annually to control Fast grower, and can grow in cool water Thrives in a variety of habitats Competitive advantage vs. native species Produces seeds, but usually only reproduces via fragmentation Low light and higher temperatures promote canopy formation Shades out desirable submersed plants

7 Eurasian water milfoil 3-6 leaves per whorl (4 typical) EWM Control Options: Herbicides (many) Hand Pulling Benthic Barriers Herbivorous Insects Eurasian Water Milfoil Canopy Formation

8 Submersed Plant: Variable leaf leaf water milfoil Myriophyllum heterophyllum Native to North thamerica, but not the Northeast t Highly invasive in New England, but. Protected in New Jersey! Whorls closely spaced (>10 mm) Bottle brush appearance Distinct toothed bracts out of water Can reproduce via fragmentation Thrives in a variety of habitats Control Options: Herbicides (typically higher dose) Hand Pulling Benthic Barriers

9 Submersed/Emergent Plant: Parrot Feather Myriophyllum aquaticum Native to South America Hybrid Forms Has both submersed and emergent leaves Up to 30 cm above surface Emergent leaves are vibrant and waxy Submersed dleaves are degraded d dand dlimp Reproduces via roots and fragmentation Can survive stranded on the shore Can survive in salt-intruded waters Control Options: Herbicides id Hand Pulling

10 Submersed Plant: Fanwort Cabomba caroliniana Native to Europe (South USA?) Not native in the Northeast Very popular in aquarium trade Reproduces by fragmentation Forms extensive surface mats Prefers low ph water Northern vs. Southern strains? Difficult to control Control loptions: Herbicides Grass Carp Benthic Barriers Hand Pulling

11 Aggressive Fanwort Infestation in NJ

12 Submersed Plant: Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Native to Asia Introduced d to USA in 1960 Whorls of 4 to 8 (sometimes 3) Leaves have serrated edges Can reach 25 feet long! Produces distinct tubers Widespread in the south (FL) Tolerates a wide variety of habitats Often called The Perfect Weed

13 Hydrilla Control Options: Herbicides id (resistance?) Distribution tion in NY Grass Carp New York: Cayuga Inlet (2011), Erie Canal (2012), Other Biological Options? Croton River System (2013)

14 Submersed Plant: Brazilian Elodea Egeria densa Native to South America Leaves in whorls of 4 to 8, robust stems Introduced to USA in late 1800 s Popular aquarium plant (Anacharis) Oxygenator Reproduces via fragmentation Growth actually slows in mid-summer Fall growth flush Control Options: Grass Carp Hand Pulling Herbicides

15 Waterweed Look-alikes Hydrilla Common Waterweed 4-8 whorls 3 whorls (only) 4-6 whorls heavy serration fine serration very fine (can be 3) serration Egeria

16 Submersed dplant: Bittl Brittle Naiad Nid Najas minor Native to Europe Occurs in most US states Sometimes called European naiad Leaf serrations visible to naked eye Prolific seed producer Primary means of reproduction One acre plot can produce 10,000,000 viable seeds in one season Stems generally do not reach surface Typically not controlled Control Options: Benthic barriers Herbicides

17 Submersed dplant: Mud dmt Mat Glossostigma cleistanthum Native to Australia and New Zealand First identified in CT in 1992 Since confirmed in CT, NJ, RI, and PA Prefers shallow sandy lake areas Diminutive stems 1 to 4 cm leaves, in pairs Often overlooked Can form dense mats 10,000 to 25,000 plants/m 2 Exotic, but low potential to become a nuisance to recreational lake uses Control Methods: Unknown (hand pulling?)

18 Floating leaf l fplant: Wt Water Chestnut t Trapa natans Native to Europe, Asia and Africa Hardy, robust stems, with floating leaves Can reproduce via fragmentation Air-filled petioles (buoyancy) Produces hard spiked fruit Can lie dormant for 15 years Occurs in NJ (scattered) Control Options: Hand Pulling (early in season) Herbicide Use

19 Water Chestnut L k M t NJ (2009) Lake Musconetcong, NJ (2009) ~ 40 acre infestation

20 Floating Plant: Creeping Water Willow Ludwigia peploides Native to South and Central America Also called Creeping Water Primrose Peconic River, 2003 (Long Island, NY) Primary Reproduction via fragmentation Ditches, riverbanks, slow streams But pond/lake margins too Stems can sprawl for 3 meters Very aggressive Control Options: Hand pulling Topical herbicide spraying

21 Floating Plant: Yellow Floating Heart Nymphoides peltata Native to Europe and Asia Introduced to the USA as an ornamental Occurs throughout Northeast (not ME) Round to heart-shaped leaves Shallow scalloped edges (wavy) Stem supports several leaves Bright yellow, showy flowers Five petals Native Floating Heart Little Floating Heart (N. cordata) Control Options: Hand pulling Topical herbicides

22 Floating Plants: Invasive All three are free-floating, dangling roots Popular ornamental Create nuisance stands in quiet waters Similar to giant duckweeds Not Common in NJ Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) European Frogbit (Hydrocharis morus ranae) Control Options: Hand Pulling Topical Herbicides Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

23 Floating Plant: Waterwheel Aldrovanda vesiculosa Family: Droseraceae (sundews) Most common: Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) Carnivorous plant Native to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia Scattered distribution and dwindling Less than 50 sites left throughout its range Never Officially Documented in North America! Hellquist and Les (personal communication, 2012)

24 Documented in NJ in 2012 (ABI) Documented in NJ in 2012 (ABI) Confirmed in NY (R. Siversten, et al.) World wide Distribution of Aldrovanda

25 Questions? Chris Doyle, CLM Allied Biological, Inc. 580 Rockport Road Hackettstown, NJ lli dbi l i l