Regulatory context ESD/LID/RainScapes definitions What s different about these plantings Plants that work Troubleshooting/ Maintenance Issues

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1 Ann English, RLA, ASLA, LEED AP BD+C RainScapes Program Manager Department of Environmental Protection Montgomery County, MD February 19, 2016 Regulatory context ESD/LID/RainScapes definitions What s different about these plantings Plants that work Troubleshooting/ Maintenance Issues Maintenance practices Design Questions 1

Clean Water Act 1972 Expanded to require

runoff discharge 1987 NPDES MS4 Permit Program

2009 requires ESD to the MEP effective May

2 This is the Chesapeake Bay watershed Montgomery County Federal State County EPA Clean Water Act 1972 Expanded to require municipalities to get permits for stormwater runoff discharge 1987 NPDES MS4 Permit Program Maryland Stormwater Act 2007, as amended in 2009 requires ESD to the MEP effective May 2010 with new Chapter 5 and local ordinances Montgomery County NPDES MS4 Stormwater Discharge Permit Requires 4300 IA not controlled to have controls added 2

characteristics and minimize the impact of land development on water resources.

3 MS4 Permit requirements Environmental Site Design (ESD) using small-scale stormwater management practices, nonstructural techniques, and better site planning to mimic natural hydrologic runoff characteristics and minimize the impact of land development on water resources. (italics added) Source: MDE MODEL STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE ESD/LID Practices = ~40% of new Stormwater Practices As of 3/2015:9185 and growing 3

Spreader Bioswale Wetland filters Bioretention Rain Gardens Tree

4 ESD/LID tools are part of a Treatment Train approach Green Roof Permeable Pavement Conservation Landscapes Conveyance Level Spreader Bioswale Wetland filters Bioretention Rain Gardens Tree Boxes Think inefficient TREE BOX GRASS SWALE BIORETENTION, RAIN GARDEN, BIOSWALE 4

5 Weed and/or prune Clear inlets and flow paths Clear trash and sediment Remove old mulch Lift out entry stone Remulch with 3 Replace entry stone 5

6 Arora Hills HOA 1 st Inspection If turf, raise mower height to 4 Clear inlets regularly Remove leaves Be cautious mowing around cleanouts Prune perennial grasses once a year Only mow when dry Treatment Train Tools: Bioretention 6

7 Bioretention Micro-Bioretention Landscape Infiltration Rain Garden INCREASING Drainage Area Structural Components Biomimicry Used to Restore Water Cycles in Urbanized Areas 7

Treatment Train Tools: Rain garden A garden that captures and

It provides temporary ponding for a small drainage area (10,000

A rain garden mimics the ecological function of a forest or

8 Treatment Train Tools: Rain garden A garden that captures and filters stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces. It provides temporary ponding for a small drainage area (10,000 max., 2000 SF typ) and drains in hours. A rain garden mimics the ecological function of a forest or meadow on a small scale using: SOIL FILTRATION DEEP, FIBROUS ROOTED NATIVE PLANTS MULCH LAYER 8

57 inches/hour infiltration rate for infiltration only, but with an underdrain we could have less infiltration.

9 Bioretention/ Rain Garden Schematic Vegetation on Surface Runoff to garden EARTH FILL - Primarily Sand (50%) Underdrain System (optional) We are seeking a minimum.57 inches/hour infiltration rate for infiltration only, but with an underdrain we could have less infiltration. Assume full cover. Average infiltration rates of different media mixes that could be used: Loamy sand--.88 inches/hour Sandy loam inches/hour Loam--.54 inches/hour 9

10 Plant types by moisture zones: Right Plant in the Right Place Know your site conditions Determine what is actually draining to the garden Plan to use at least 75% native plants & no invasive species Have your soil tested before you begin 10

11 Soils? Underdrained? Perc rate? Volume of water to the garden? Pollution types coming to the garden? Grazing pressure?.. 11

12 Bayberry Waxmyrtle (7A+) Yaupon holly (7A+) Spartina Sporobolis Carex stricta Juncus Switchgrass Goldenrod Rudbeckia Many coastal plain species from high energy environments should be considered 12

13 Masses of plants Aspen Hill Library, 2 limited diversity weeks after planting space between masses to move 13

14 Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) Juncus effusus (Soft Rush) vertical habit 3-4 increased volume and velocity; stabilize with stone Juncus effusus (Soft Rush) Semi shade, maybe evergreen in milder winters Chasmanthium latifolium (River Oats) Naturalizes well in larger gardens Seeds freely P art shade to sun 14

15 Packera aurea (Golden Groundsel) (previously Scenecio aureus) Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern) 2 Sedum ternatum (Sedum) 6 Asclepias tuberosa (Butterflyweed) Phlox subulata (Creeping Phlox) 2-4 Liatris spicata Solidago Kobold sphacelata Golden (Gayfeather) 24- Fleece 30 (Dwarf Goldenrod) Iris cristata (Dwarf Crested Iris) inside slope needs more moisture in full sun

16 Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed) 2-5 Panicum virgatum Heavy Metal (Switch Grass) 4 Viburnum dentatum Blue Muffin (Viburnum) Penstemon digitalis Chicago Lustre is Husker Red a good pollinator (Beardtongue) Packera aurea (previously Scenecio aureus) (Golden Groundsel) Naturalizes! Carex stricta (Tussock Sedge) 2-3 Semi shade can handle very wet areas Leucothoe fontanesiana Scarletta (Scarletta Fetterbush)

17 CHECK DAMS Leucothoe (Fetterbush) Chasmanthium latifolium (River Oats) Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) Rudbeckia fulgida (Black-Eyed Susan) Flow resistant plants Watering Weeding Pruning Sediment removal Erosion patching Leaf removal Trash removal Replanting Inlet cleaning Curb and slope repair Mowing and edging Mulch distribution Dividing and transplanting 17

18 Salt Velocity Weed seeds being brought in over the pavement Silt Temperature fluctuations Extremes of conditions Depth of soil Soil / planting media used Can t use herbicides or pesticides Access Seasonal/Monthly Maintenance for bioretention 18

19 Buckets Shovels (flat head) Hoes Shop vac Trash tongs Trash bags 19

20 Adjustable wrench, socket wrenches Screwdrivers Pipe wrench Manhole hook 20

21 Is it a plant problem or a design problem? Bells Mill ES Bioretention 21

22 Bells Mill Elem. Vegetation Establishment Evaluate the plants Evaluate the layout Is there something wrong with the plant or is it in the wrong place? Take into account location: Roadside/parking lot? Roof runoff? 22

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24 Issue: Design Symptom: Sediment Head upstream to look for places to reduce the flow This garden would have been better if set offline of the main flowpath 24

25 April Sligo Rec Center Rain Garden May Issue: neglect maintain access to cleanouts and observation ports Homecrest HOA Homecrest Ct Oct 26, 2009 Typical weeds: Thistle Dead nettle Gill-over-theground Crown vetch, Garlic mustard Blackberry Perilla Pokeweed Multiflora rose 25

26 Strap damage on maple trunk from not being removed after 6 mo. Issue: Bad pruning and neglect Issue: Weeding and Edging 26

27 Full prune/cut back plants and remove cut material from the cell between February 20 and April 1 Grasses Not below 6 inches Winter Before Pruning Spring After Pruning 27

28 Consult the original planting plan Determine if that plant is appropriate Remove caked mulch and add fresh mulch after replanting 28

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30 - Natives - Deer resistant - Flood tolerant - Drought tolerant - Salt tolerant -EVALUATE original list to see if the original plants make sense to replace 30

Water until established weekly May Sept if it hasn t

established, only water if drought stressed Issue: Trash

31 Water until established weekly May Sept if it hasn t rained water the equivalent of one inch of rain After established, only water if drought stressed Issue: Trash The Manor Apartments Oct 26, 2009 Evidence of Eco-system services birds recycle too! Trash observed but not photographed: Bicycle chain Helmet Plastic bags Plastic bat Shirt Shoes 31

32 Homecrest HOA Homecrest Ct Oct 26, 2009 Wildlife evidence; note the pile behind the cleanout. This is at the riser end of the facility Issue: Wildlife damaging media Safety Vests Company Identification on trucks Plan for staging if working in Right of Way 32

33 Tadpoles are keeping mosquitoes in check. Water drains in 2-3 days Inlet and Outlet clear of debris Dead Plants Erosion 33

34 Issue: Leaf and natural debris: Arcola (DOT/DEP) Sources: Road grit Unstable shoulders Snow Private property runoff to right of way.. 34

35 Sediment can move past inlets to create a forebay: Trench Drains need cleaning, too 35

36 Patch small areas of erosion from water flow or human activity with either topsoil or bioretention media (topsoil usually only on side slopes). Reset cobble or riprap displaced by water or human activity. 36

37 Don t blow Grass clippings into facility No pesticide or fertilizer Sediment Buildup at Inlet Scalping/scouring from Mowers Weeding Pruning/Plant Health at the right time Need Access Path Thru 37

38 Drywells are the most common type of ESD practices on residential lots. In 2010, a new MDE regulation went into effect, requiring the use of Environmental Site Design to the Maximum Extent Possible (ESD to the MEP). Requires Right of Entry and Maintenance Agreement. Residents can self-inspect their ESD measure and apply for WQPC at the same time

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Some resources are more technical www.montgomerycountymd.

projects https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/dep/water/st ormwater-facilities.

41 Some resources are more technical General information SWFM Maps Stormwater Maintenance Info DEP has as-built plan sets for permitted projects ormwater-facilities.html Weed images: ed-plants/ Good Weed/Bad Weed Nancy Gift Good Bug/Bad Bug Jessica Walliister

Questions? Ann English, RLA, ASLA, LEED AP BD+C RainScapes Program Manager ann.english@montgomerycountymd.

42 Questions? Ann English, RLA, ASLA, LEED AP BD+C RainScapes Program Manager Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection Watershed Management Division RainScapes Program 42

Planting Your Rain Garden

Planting Your Rain Garden The Rain Garden Environment Are rain gardens wet? Rain Garden Zones Edge Emergent Semi-aquatic Where are your wet spots? Courtesy Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc. Plants for