Pipeline Safety Trust 2015 Annual Conference

Transcription

1 - 1 - Pipeline Safety Trust 2015 Annual Conference Pipeline Cracking & Leak Management Ken Lee Director, Engineering & Research Division 1

2 - 2 - PHMSA appreciates industry efforts to develop: Recommended Practice 1176: Assessment and Management of Pipeline Cracking Recommended Practice 1175: Pipeline Leak Detection Program Management

3 - 3 - New API Crack & Leak RPs RPs provide valuable guidance & insight PHMSA is reviewing drafts and providing feedback to API PHMSA will review final RP and may consider for possible future incorporation by reference (entirety or portions)

4 - 4 - Recent Incidents Highlighting Crack and Leak Detection Issues Carmichael, MS San Bruno, CA Marshall, MI Mayflower, AR Allentown, PA

5 - 5 - Pipeline Cracking Challenges One of the top causes of pipeline failures Many cracks are difficult to detect with current inline inspection tools. In liquid pipelines, fatigue crack growth occurs from pressure cycling Current models may not predict failure

6 - 6 - Leak Detection Challenges Small leaks may be difficult to detect, especially in pipelines of: High volumes (> 10,000 barrels/ hour) Delivering batched or varying products Locations having other hydrocarbon sources Valve closure time

7 - 7 - Leak Detection Table 1 Visualization of an Example LDP Leak Type S C A D A Monitoring CPM P u b l i c Awareness A e r i a l Surveillance I n - l i n e inspec>on Rupture ü ü ü ü N/A Medium Leak O ü ü ü ü Leak Rate ð Small Leak X O O ü ü Seep X X O O ü Time- to- Detect ð ü O X Detec;on Probable Detec;on Possible Detec;on Improbable

8 - 8 - Leak Detection Systems Externally-Based Internally-Based Physical Inspection Sensor-Based Monitoring Manual Observations Computational Pipeline Monitoring Aerial Surveillance Ground Penetrating Radar Volume or Line Balance Calculations Ground Based Line Surveillance Sniffer Tubes Hydraulic Calculations Non-Continuous Hydro Testing Tracer Chemicals Pattern Recognition Satellite One Call System/ Public Awareness Intelligent Pigs Soil Sampling Shut-in Testing/Stand-up Testing Sensing Cables Controller SCADA Monitoring Conservation of Mass (real time) Cameras Real Time Line Balance Continuous Chemical Analyzers Acoustic Sensors CP Monitoring Pressure Monitoring Pattern Recognition Digital Signal Analysis Statistical Analysis

9 - 9 - PHMSA Public Workshops Managing Pipeline Cracking Challenges Workshop August 5, 2014 (Chicago, IL) Improving Pipeline Leak Detection Effectiveness March 27, 2012 (Washington, DC)

10 Crack & Leak Management PHMSA is taking many approaches, including: Rulemaking Standards development Research

11 Regulations Research

12 Pipeline Safety RD&T Program Mission: To sponsor research and development projects focused on providing near-term solutions that will improve the safety, reduce environmental impact, and enhance the reliability of the Nation s pipeline transportation system. Key Points We employ a collaborative approach to address mutual challenges We help remove technical barriers on a given challenge We measure our research results/impacts We are transparent - Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 established our modern program

13 RD&T Program Objectives Developing Technology Fostering the development of new technologies so that pipeline operators can improve safety performance and more effectively address regulatory requirements. Strengthening Consensus Standards Targeting and feeding new knowledge into the process of keeping standards relevant to their purpose. Promoting Knowledge Generating and promoting general knowledge to decision makers. Authorizations vs. Appropriations FY Authorization: $10M $10M $10M $10M $11.7M $11.7M $11.7M $11.7M $11.7M $6.92M $6.92M $6.92M $6.92M $6.92M Appropriation: $4.8M $7.5M $7.8M $7.7M $7.7M $7.8M $6.9M $5.8M $6.9M $6.9M $6.9M $6.92M $12.3M $12.3M

14 231 Projects, $90M PHMSA + $85M Resource Sharing Performance Metrics (since 2002)

15 PHMSA RD&T SUCCESSES Courtesy: CRC Evens Courtesy: Pipetel Technologies Courtesy: LASEN Courtesy: ITT Kodak Guided Wave Ultrasonics Courtesy: Pure Technologies Leak Detection Gas/Liq Leak Detection by Fixed Wing/ Helicopter along pipeline Hand-Held Tools for In-Ditch Inspections

16 ERW Pipe Seam Study

17 Lessons Learned Steel Pipe Data integration Conservative approach in sizing Tool tolerances Interaction of crack growth Material properties: toughness Fatigue crack growth model to predict remaining life Combination of tools: ILI, Direct, & Pressure Test Continuous reassessment

18 Improving In Ditch Methods

19 Full Scale Testing to Improve Models

20 Leak Detection Research

21 21 Research is pointing to: X One size does not fit all

22 Summary Improving Crack & Leak Detection: Remain to be difficult issues Are a high priority A one-size-fits-all solution is not likely Appropriate use of multiple tools may be needed

23 Thank you phmsa.dot.gov kenneth.lee@dot.gov 23