Threat Detection by X- Operators. Manual Search. FACT: You can only recognise what you have seen and learned.

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1 Churchill House 137 Brent Street London NW4 4DJ Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Threat Detection by X- Operators Recognition of X-rayed objects is a very complex process, but essentially it means to compare visually acquired information with object representations stored in one s visual memory. FACT: You can only recognise what you have seen and learned. Manual Search To increase probability of threat detection during manual search one needs to be familiar with the threat objects, their shape, texture, weight and visual appearance. FACT: Familiarisation with threat objects is essential for maximising threat detection. 1

2 Research indicates that to increase the rate of detection and identify explosives and IED s using senses of sight (general appearance, colour) and touch (texture, weight per volume) it is essential to provide security agents with the opportunity of experiencing explosive simulants that replicate actual explosives as closely as possible, as part of their training. It is significant for operators of Explosives Detection Systems (EDS) and Trace Detection Systems (TDS) to become familiar with the specific X-ray transmission properties of the explosives, including Z effective (Z eff ) and CT number, otherwise at the crucial moment they won t be able to identify the threats, potentially endangering human lives. Renful Premier Technologies has understood the need for proper training and testing of security staff involved in threat detection. We have developed all the necessary training tools to enable staff to be better equipped and more motivated in carrying out their duties. Please read on to find out detailed information about different types of simulants and training kits we can offer. The importance of conducting drills has also been addressed by Renful through the creation of an unique range of testing tools which can be either acquired or rented. Training with Simulants As an expert on detection systems, Renful has compiled a list of simulants, which were categorised into the following groups: High Quality Explosive Simulants Training & Testing Kits Renful Drill Accessories How do they work? Eliminate the safety problems associated with the use of real explosives Were developed precisely in order to enable optimal training efficiency Replicate characteristics such as colour, texture, molecular weight, dielectric constant Ensure truly effective training of security manpower, as well as precise calibration that takes into consideration key operational parameters 2

3 Explosive Simulants and Related IED Components The proprietary simulants are ideally suited to serve as training aids, as they represent the materials they replicate to an unparalleled degree. Their uniquely close resemblance allows trainees to experience the materials they are called upon to detect using both their senses of sight and touch. By seeing the colour, feeling the texture and weight per volume and becoming familiar with their appearance, security staff will be able to immediately and easily identify actual explosives if and when they do encounter them. All our simulants are: Non-hazardous and non-toxic All are synthetic materials for training purposes Contain no explosive or narcotic elements Similarly, operators of technological detection systems learn how explosives look on their screen. Due to the accurate replication of X-ray transmission, including Zeff and CT properties, the simulants would appear as the actual explosive material. The contribution of the simulated IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices) to training effectiveness is also vital, as they enable to teach trainees about the items terrorists are likely to use and the methods of concealment of explosive materials they may employ, while also allowing them to learn about the various components of the explosive device thus facilitating identification. In order to maintain a high level of training effectiveness, it is crucial to expose the trainees to training aids that are as similar as possible to "the real thing". Are fully inert 3

4 High-quality explosive simulants eliminate the safety problems associated with the use of real explosives in training security staff. Renful has complemented this range with related explosive device components such as simulated detonators and detonating cord. Electric aluminium detonator Detonating Cord Simulant: Simulated Detonators: Visual Tactile Accurate CT# Z effective Density g/cm3 Color: Red, Green, Black, Yellow Length up to 30 cm Aluminium / Cardboard / Copper sleeve X-ray and Z effective compatibility Pyrotechnic or electric ignition Inert electric match head 1 to 3 meters electric wires Electric wires in black, red, blue, green and yellow colors Electric match head septum in various colors Electric cardboard detonator Electric copper detonator 4

5 T.N.T Explosive Simulants: Plastic Explosive Simulants: Semtex 1A Paper wax package Detonator housing Trace detection compatibility of relevant channels in accordance with real properties TNT Flakes Trace detection compatibility of RDX and PETN channels in accordance with real properties Semtex H C-4 Semtex 10 5

6 Detonation Sheet Simulants: Thickness 2 12 mm Colours: white, gray, black, olive green, pink, red, and blue Gun Cotton Simulant: Trace detection compatibility for trace detectors and K9 Trace detection compatibility of RDX and PETN channels in accordance with real properties for trace detectors and K9 6

7 ANFO Simulant: Trace detection compatibility for trace detectors and K9 Black Powder Simulant: Drug Simulants: Visual Tactile Z effective Trace detection compatibility for trace detectors and K9 Pure Heroin Simulant Persian Cocain Simulant 7

8 Triacetone Triperoxide Simulant (TATP): Trace detection compatibility for trace detectors and K9 Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Simulant: Trace detection compatibility for trace detectors and K9 RDX Powder Simulant: Trace detection compatibility for trace detectors and K9 8

9 Liquid Explosive Simulants Family: PLX Hydrogen Peroxide (70%) Astrolite A Astrolite G Nitroglycerine Tovex Water Gel Aluminised Tovex Water Gel (Tovex 200) Astrolite A, G Explosive Simulants: Trace detection compatibility of relevant channels in accordance with real properties Nitroglycerine Explosive Simulants: Astrolite A Astrolite G Trace detection compatibility of relevant channels in accordance with real properties 9

10 PLX Explosive Simulant: Trace detection compatibility of relevant channels in accordance with real properties Water Gel Explosive Simulants: Trace detection compatibility of relevant channels in accordance with real properties Density adjustments from g/cm 3 Tovex 200 Tovex 10

11 Training & Testing Kits Explosives Identification Training Kit Military Explosives: GUN COTTON PICRIC ACID CAST TNT FLAKE TNT RDX COMPOSITION B TETRAZENE HMX TETRYL PETN COMPOSITION 3 PE 808 PE4 SX-2 COMPOSITION 4 Industrial Explosives: SEMTEX-H SEMTEX-10 PLASTIC D1 SEMTEX-1A PLASTIC FULMINATE OF MERCURY LEAD AZIDE TNRS DDNP BLACK POWDER STRAIGHT DYNAMITE AMMONIA DYNAMITE GELATINE DYNAMITE AMMONIA GELATINE DYNAMITE DYNAMITE POWDER SLURRIES & EMULSIONS TNT BASED POWDER GRISUTINE 36 samples of explosives (each packed into a transparent plastic box, with individual insert cards containing technical data) Samples show the colour and texture of a wide range of Military, Commercial and Home Made explosives The kit is packed in a briefcase with a chart of items fixed to the lid Home Made Explosives: ANS CO-OP ANFO ANNIE 11

12 X-Ray Training & Testing Kit (Modular Bomb Kit) Consists of a hard-sided suitcase that contains the components necessary to construct a range of simulated bombs Bombs can be built by an instructor using a variety of components and methods All items are accurate in appearance and give an accurate X-ray signature Helps with identifying both entire bombs and separate components Different types of power source, as follows: 4 X 1.5 volt battery pack, 9 volt alkaline, 9 volt zinc carbon, 12 volt battery lithium. Different types of mechanisms that provide feedback when activated (light, sound etc, to mark the explosion ). The mechanisms are as follows: clockwork countdown timer, electronic countdown timer, homemade electronic timer, barometric switch, light-sensitive booby-trap, tilt or trembler booby-trap, anti-opening device. In addition, we have simulated explosives (RDX and/ or Semtex) as follows: simulated explosive without detonator, simulated explosive with sidemounted detonator, simulated explosive and mounted detonator. Simulated plastic explosive sheets that provide real X-ray signature of explosives. They are as follows: K1 5mm thick, weight 110 gms; K2 10mm thick 220gms; K3 15mm thick 400 gms. Total weight: 730gms. Copper electric delay detonator, similar to those used in real events throughout Europe. 12

13 Anti-Handling Booby-Trap Kit This kit includes seven individual booby-trap components. Each box is identical, and the only external sign is the small arming hole on one side of the box. A common type arming pin is housed inside the boxes which use finger tight fixing screws, and all have hinged type lids. All devices use common 9 volt PP3 type batteries which can be easily replaced, and all devices use a piezo type buzzer to indicate operation. The boxes are all marked externally with a numerical reference, indicating the following contents: Light sensitive device Microswitch pressure off Tilt switch Vibration Sensor Anti-Tamper Breakwire Electro-Magnetic Proximity Switch Microswitch-Anti-Lift Simulated Plastic Explosive with aluminium detonator Simulated Plastic Explosive with copper detonator 13

14 Postal Devices Kit Includes parcels, envelopes, tube, padded bag & video cassette cases with typical suspicious features. All items are contained in a briefcase for packing/ storage. All items are addressed and stamped with a variety of different markings, both British and international. Items can be purpose addressed, and marked and stamped with specific country destination if details and samples are provided. Kit contents are as follows: PARCEL WITH TYPICAL SUSPICIOUS FEATURES ACTUAL TYPE - NEO-NAZI - LETTER ACTUAL TYPE - AL HAYATT - LETTER ACTUAL TYPE - MARDI-GRA - VIDEO CASSETTE BOX ENVELOPE TYPE - COIN CELL BATTERIES DL ENVELOPE POSTAL TUBE DEVICE WITH THEATRICAL MAROONS VIDEO CASSETTE BOX FITTED WITH PHOTO-DIODE DEVICE NON-EXPLOSIVE - INCENDIARY DEVICE - PADDED BAG NON-EXPLOSIVE - RAZOR BLADES DL ENVELOPE SET OF A3 DATA SHEETS BRIEFCASE FOR PACKING/STORAGE 14

15 Drugs Identification Kit The kit consists of 29 simulated drug samples, designed for visual identification purposes. Each is packed into a small, transparent plastic box with insert card with technical details and description. Three boards, showing the paraphernalia associated with drug use are also included in the kit. Each board has a protective clear cover. The kit is packed into a briefcase with a contents list and colour identification chart. Simulants: COCAINE CRACK COCAINE AMPHETAMINE SUPER AMPHETAMINE DMT ICE ECSTASY 4MTA DOB Hallucinogens: FLY AGARIC MUSHROOM LIBERTY CAP MUSHROOM MAGIC MUSHROOM LSD (TABS) LSD (GELS, MICRODOTS AND TABLETS) MARIJUANA HASHISH CANNABIS OIL SKUNK MARIJUANA Opiates: OPIUM MORPHINE WHITE HEROIN BROWN HEROIN PINK HEROIN DIAMORPHINE Depressants: TEMAZEPAM KETAMINE BARBITURATES METHAQUALONE Other Drugs: GHB AMYL NITRATE 15

16 Extensive Explosive Identification and X-Ray Training Kit Electric Detonators (aluminum, copper and cardboard) Non Electric Detonators (aluminum, copper and cardboard) C4 Simulant (IMC) Semtex H Simulant (IMC) 6 mm Sheet Simulant (IMC) TNT Bulk Simulant (IMC) NG Liquid (IMC) NG Dynamite (IMC) TATP (Vial) ANFO (vial) Smokeless Powder (vial) Black Powder (vial) Different Batteries Electric Circuits* Liquid Explosives Kit Nitroglycerine Astrolite G Hydrogen Peroxide PLX EGDN Nitromethane NG Dynamite Water Gel Tovex 200 Water Gel Tovex * International mass criteria 16

17 Plastic Explosives Training Kit Semtex A Simulant (IMC) Semtex H Simulant (IMC) Semtex 10 Simulant (IMC) RDX powder Simulant Plastic Explosives Binder Simulant C4 Simulant (IMC) Sheet Explosive 4mm gray colour (IMC) Sheet Explosive 5mm red colour (IMC) Sheet Explosive 8mm olive green colour (IMC) Improvised Explosives Kit Improvised Deta Sheet TATP Chlorate AN Mixture Black Powder Fertilizer Mixture I Fertilizer Mixture II Mercury fulminate Lead azid Improvised Detonator Improvised Detonator 17

18 STP Kit Concealed IED s Kit Drinking Can Shaving Machine DVD Package Softdrink Bottle Flashlight Hair Dryer Folder Coming soon! The STP - (Standard Test Piece) is manufactured to the U.K. Home Office, Department of Environment, Department for Transport and regional specifications, for use in support of the UK Transport Security Programme. The STP unit also fully complies with regulations set by the European Civil Aviation Conference and can be used within European Union countries. The units comply fully with the requirements for the routine testing of X-ray screening equipment. The units weigh approx 4 kilos and are supplied inside a special black plastic attaché case. 18

19 Drill Accessories Renful has been constantly developing new high level training products. We offer concealed items IED s state of the art drill accessories for training and testing X-ray security personnel. All Renful Drill Accessories consist of high performance explosive simulants which are compatible with detection technologies and allow management to test and evaluate the performance level of security staff. Customers can design their own drill accessories and receive a product suitable for their own requirements. Renful also provides a unique service of drill accessories on lease basis, where a library of IED s is available to the customer. IRON LAPTOP COMPUTER C4 Simulant, cardboard detonator IMC 5mm D.S Simulant Aluminum detonator Manual switch IMC PAIR OF SHOES Leather Shoes 5 mm D.S Simulant Cardboard detonator IMC Trace Detection Compatibility available CAN NG Simulant Aluminum detonator Magnetic switch IMC 19

20 Renful Premier Technologies can also offer: Simfox - the most advanced training and testing simulator for X-ray currently available on the market, suitable for training new and experienced staff in order to enhance their detection skills. Trefox meets the urgent requirement for high-quality training for newly-recruited security X-ray screeners. It is designed to provide basic X-ray training to new recruits with no previous experience of working in an X-ray operation. AVSEC School (AVIATION SECURITY SCHOOL) is a security training e-learning portal designed for organisations to facilitate the selection, training and testing of employees in a flexible manner. For more information please visit: PostalDevice.com and X-rayscreener.com are designed to promote understanding of the threat posed by postal devices respectively to increase the security awareness of all personnel involved in X-ray screening. Pre-M is designed for the pre-selection of suitable X-ray operators, by means of exposure to interactive tests meant to assess their cognitive abilities and personality traits. There are currently 9 different tests which will assist in the selection of candidates under a variety of criteria

21 Security Multimedia CBT S.T.O.P. POSTAL DEVICES COMPUTER BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME S.TO.P. Postal Devices is an educational multimedia training programme using photographic images, video, audio, text and animation to increase the security awareness of personnel in the workplace. S.T.O.P. CARGO SECURITY, LEVEL 4 TRAINING PROGRAMME The program covers all areas of the DfT, Government approved Level 4 course. It is designed to address the growing demand for training courses in air cargo security, as the cargo sector becomes an increasingly attractive target for terrorist attacks. S.T.O.P. PASSPORT COMPUTER BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME S.T.O.P. Passport is a comprehensive multimedia training programme, on the subject of Passport Forgery, that uses digital images, video, audio and animation to describe sound techniques for identifying forgery and counterfeiting; as well as face recognition techniques for the identification of the impostor (a person using the genuine, unaltered documentation of a person who looks similar to him/her). S.T.O.P. TERRORISM COMPUTER BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME S.T.O.P. TERRORISM is an educational multimedia training programme that uses digital images, video, audio, text and animation to promote understanding and heighten awareness of the threat posed by terrorism. The programme examines terrorist motivations, ideologies, tactics, targeting, and weapons capabilities - including the new threats posed by Cyberterrorism; and Chemical, Biological and Radiological weapons. 21

22 Contact us: Churchill House 137 Brent Street London NW4 4DJ Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0)