FTSG RESOLUTIONS. This document of FTSG resolutions was issued by the Company Secretary 20 July 2012.

Transcription

1 FTSG RESOLUTIONS This document of FTSG resolutions was issued by the Company Secretary 20 July TABLE OF CONTENTS No. 1 Moisture Content... 3 No. 2 Moisture Content Limits... 4 No. 3 Moisture Content... 5 No. 4 Measurement of moisture content of timber... 6 No. 5 Measurement of moisture content of masonry and concrete materials... 7 No. 6 Conditioning of solvent or water based coatings... 8 No. 7 Positioning of furnace thermocouples... 9 No. 8 Furnace Pressure...10 No. 9 Furnace time temperature curve tolerances No. 10 Furnace pressure when testing a suspended ceiling...12 No. 13 Insulation failure by virtue of integrity failure...13 No. 15 Classification of fire resistance periods No. 16 Calibrating the surface spread of flame test apparatus...15 No. 18 Failure criteria for fire resistance testing of suspended ceiling systems...16 No. 19 Steel beam test configuration for BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section No. 20 Standard beam size configuration for a BS 476: Part 8 :1972 Section 5 test No. 21 Selection of steel beams for loaded and unloaded fire resistance testing No. 22 Documentation and observations required of expansion devices used within suspended ceiling systems No. 23 Limitations on the results due to specimen behaviour No. 24 Determination of the mean temperature of steel beams...22 No. 25 Measurement of Moisture Content...23 No. 26 Cautionary statement on monitored values...24 No. 27 Statement of practice with regard to measured values No. 28 Procedure for agreeing resoloutions No. 29 Applicability of the deflection criteria in a loaded test...27 No. 30 Positioning of thermocouples for door and shutter assemblies...28 No. 31 Pressure conditions when testing non-separating elements...30 No. 32 Loading advise for clients conducting loaded steel section fire resistance tests...31 No. 33 Moisture Content...34 No. 34 Positioning of furnace thermocouples...36 No. 35 Use of cotton pad and intepretation of integrity failure No. 36 Suspended ceiling test configuration No. 37 Test configuration for beams with three-sided exposure No. 38 Loaded beam section...40 No. 39 Test specimen requirements for valid testing No. 40 Limitation on application of deflection criteria...42 No. 41 Threshold detail for doors without a threshold detail No. 42 Design of the roving thermocouple No. 43 Statement in report regarding use of FTSG Resolutions No. 44 Classification of fire resistance durations No. 45 Loading...47 No. 46 Applicability of Results...48 No. 47 Deflection Criteria...49 No. 48 Door Threshold Details...50 No. 50 Limitations on use of results...51 No. 51 Door Threshold Details...52 No. 53 Testing to BS 476:Part8:1972 Versus BS 476:Parts 20-23: No. 55 Minimum Number of Loading Points for Horizontal Separating Elements No. 56 Revision of and C Relating to Frequency of Measurement...55 No. 57 Revision of Relating to Time of Commencement of Heating Period...56 FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 1

2 No. 58 Use of the Cotton Pad...57 No. 59 Reduced Size Furnaces...58 No. 60 Loading on Stud Walls (Discrete Loadbearing Members)...59 No. 61 Tolerance on Radiation Levels as Measured by the Four Copper Disc Radiometers in the Roof Test Apparatus No. 62 Fire Resistance Testing of Doorsets in Partitions Other Than Masonry or Non-Loadbearing Steel Partitions No. 63 Door Closer Forces...62 No. 64 Fire Resistance Assessments...63 No. 64a: FTSG Guidelines on Assessments of The Fire Resistance Performance of Elements of Construction...67 No. 66 Revision of Relating to Time of Commencement of Heating Period...71 No. 67 Proposed Addendum to BS 476: Part 21: 1987, Clause No. 68 Furnace Pressure Conditions - BS 476: Part 23: 1987 Section No. 69 Reporting of Indicative Reaction to Fire Tests...74 No. 70 Fire Resistance Type Tests...75 No. 71 Integrity Testing...77 No. 72 A Cautionary Statement to be Added to Test Reports...78 No. 73 Use of Suffix Y...79 No. 74 Calibration Board Density...80 No. 75 wording to be used in temporary letters written in lieu of test reports No. 76 Wording to be included in reports when the client is unwilling to provide the required information...82 No. 77 Furnace Gassing during fire resistance tests...83 No. 78 Testing of insulated door assemblies to BS 476: Part 22: No. 79 Reaction to fire testing of asymmetrical specimens from one direction...86 No. 82 Use of PFPF Guide to Undertaking assessments...88 No. 83 Integrity failure via sustained flaming...89 No. 84 Assessment of fire protection to structural steelwork...90 No. 84 Assessment of fire protection to structural steelwork (amended)...91 No. 85 Interpretation of cotton pad application No. 87 Validity statement in reports when testing to BS No. 88 Loading on Stud Walls (Discrete Loadbearing Members)...95 No. 89 Thermocouple positions for steel sections when testing to BS 476: Part 21: No. 90 Fire resistance testing of asymmetrical specimens from one direction...97 FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 2

3 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 1 No. 1 Moisture Content STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No. 33 Laboratories will take every reasonable precaution to ensure that tests are not conducted on any construction or product which may include materials that are at an a typical moisture content. They should inform clients of the limit of acceptability of a result which is achieved in a test where either the precise moisture content is not known or when moisture equilibrium has not been achieved.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 3

4 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 2 No. 2 Moisture Content Limits STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 33 The Fire Test Study Group will decide upon or will accept advice, from knowledgeable bodies on, equilibrium moisture contents for various materials and the appropriate procedures for their determination. Acceptable equilibrium values of moisture content for timber were agreed to be within the range 10%-14% w/w, and of concrete less than 6% w/w. Values for these and other materials will be collated and tabulated. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 4

5 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 3 No. 3 Moisture Content STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 Ammended Sept 1984 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 33 All laboratories will quote, in all fire resistance test reports, the measured moisture content of all hygroscopic materials included within a test construction, together with a statement on the method by which it was determined, and where appropriate the calculations used in obtaining the stated value. When it is impracticable to determine a moisture content, eg of a door core material, then a statement shall be made in the test report that the moisture content has not been measured. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 5

6 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 4 No. 4 Measurement of moisture content of timber STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resoloution No. 25 then by Resolution No. 33 The moisture content of timber or wood-based products shall be monitored using a moisture meter with a two-pronged electrode and taking a sufficient number of readings to enable an average value for a material to be obtained. An insulated shaft (hammer) electrode should be used to avoid surface measurements.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 6

7 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 5 No. 5 Measurement of moisture content of masonry and concrete materials STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: WITHDRAWN Resoloution No 25 then Resolution No. 33 The moisture content of concrete and masonry materials may be monitored by use of a moisture meter using the gel-bridge principle, or by use of geometrically representative drying specimens kept within the construction during the drying period. Different thicknesses within a specimen may require separate assessments of moisture content. Special attention is required where non-uniformity of moisture distribution may require separate assessments of moisture distribution may be experienced, eg metal decks. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 7

8 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 6 No. 6 Conditioning of solvent or water based coatings STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: WITHDRAWN Resolution No 33 The condition of any solvent or water-based "applied coatings", eg sprayed insulation materials, plaster coatings, intumescent coatings, shall be monitored by use of a sample tray of material. Different thicknesses of material in a construction will require different drying samples.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 8

9 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 7 No. 7 Positioning of furnace thermocouples STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 34 The 100 mm dimension referred to in clause of BS 476: Part 8: 1972 shall be between the thermocouple hot junction and the nearest point on the specimen in any direction. The distance shall be kept nominally constant (50 mm-150 mm) throughout the test duration. For doors in walls the dimension shall be from the nearest position on either the door or the wall, whichever is appropriate to the predetermined position of the thermocouple within the furnace. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 9

10 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 8 No. 8 Furnace Pressure STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still Valid When testing elements to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, which are required to satisfy the integrity criterion, an overpressure shall be maintained (after the first five minutes of test) at the top of a vertical test specimen, or at the underside of a horizontal test specimen, the mean static value of which shall be: h x Where h is the intended height (mm) above floor level, in practice of the top of a vertical test specimen or the underside of a horizontal test specimen. Note: 1. The above expression is based on a furnace pressure equal to ambient at a height of 900 mm, and assumes a pressure gradient of 9 Pa per metre of height. 2. The above mean value should be controlled within an accuracy of ±2 Pa. At no time should the pressure exceed 20 Pa. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 10

11 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 9 No. 9 Furnace time temperature curve tolerances. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, the tolerances on areas referred to in clause shall be interpreted as follows: 0-10 minutes - tolerance 15% minutes - tolerance 10% 30 - end of test - tolerance 5% FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 11

12 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 10 No. 10 Furnace pressure when testing a suspended ceiling STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section Still valid When testing suspended ceilings to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6, the furnace pressure at the exposed surface of the ceiling membrane level shall be equal to the pressure within the laboratory, after the first five minutes of test.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 12

13 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 13 No. 13 Insulation failure by virtue of integrity failure STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, where insulation failure has not occurred previously, insulation failure shall be deemed to occur simultaneously with an integrity failure.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 13

14 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 15 No. 15 Classification of fire resistance periods. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972 results shall be expressed to the nearest minute, eg 29 minutes 15 seconds = 29 minutes, 29 minutes 45 seconds = 30 minutes, and 29 minutes 30 seconds = 30 minutes. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 14

15 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 16 No. 16 Calibrating the surface spread of flame test apparatus STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 7: 1971, 1987 and Still valid Amended (more standard references) When calibrating the spread of flame test apparatus to BS 476: Part 7: 1971, 1987 and 1997 the rear of the specified calibration board shall not be insulated but shall be free to radiate into the open laboratory.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 15

16 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 18 No. 18 Failure criteria for fire resistance testing of suspended ceiling systems STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6, dislodgement of a tile, referred to in clause 6.4, shall be deemed to have occurred when the tile is supported along one edge only.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 16

17 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 19 No. 19 Steel beam test configuration for BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6 STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6 Modified June 1983 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 37. When conducting tests to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6, three-sided exposure only of the steel beams shall be ensured by the use of strips of mineral fibre insulating material, the width of the top flange, placed on the upper flange and running the whole length of the beam, prior to the application of the cover-slabs. The mineral fibre insulating material shall be of 12 mm nominal thickness, and have a nominal uncompressed density of kg/m³. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 17

18 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 20 No. 20 Standard beam size configuration for a BS 476: Part 8 :1972 Section 5 test. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: Section 5 of BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 38 In the absence of a specific request from the sponsor, the beam tested to Section 5 of BS 476: Part 8: 1972 shall be a 305 mm x 127 mm x 42 kg/m, on a nominal 4000 mm span.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 18

19 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 21 No. 21 Selection of steel beams for loaded and unloaded fire resistance testing. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: Clause 6 of BS 476: Part 8: 1972 Modified May 1985, Reaffirmed 1987 Still valid When conducting tests according to Clause 6 of BS 476: Part 8: 1972, in which the steel members are loaded, the steel members used shall be universal beams of serial size 203 x 133 x 30 kg/m in Grade 43 steel. The beams shall be simply supported, and loaded to simulate a uniformly distributed load. The total load on each beam shall be such as to induce a maximum bending stress of 165 N/mm², calculated on the basis of the actual dimensions of each beam. In the case of tests carried out using unloaded steel members, then these latter shall be either as specified above, or shall be universal joists of serial size 203 x 102 x 25.3 kg/m. (This latter size has hitherto been used by agreement by all those laboratories which can undertake this type of test.) Note: The two alternative sizes quoted happen to have similar U/F values for 3-sided exposure. The calculation of second moment of area from actual dimensions is simpler in the case of beams since they do not have tapered flanges. The wider flange in the case of the beam is an advantage from the point of view of supporting concrete topping blocks.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 19

20 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 22 No. 22 Documentation and observations required of expansion devices used within suspended ceiling systems. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 36. Reports on tests to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6 shall include a diagram which indicates the number and the location of all expansion devices, support positions, joints between members, etc. The report shall contain a comment in the conclusion regarding the operation or otherwise of expansion devices. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 20

21 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 23 No. 23 Limitations on the results due to specimen behaviour. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 7: 1971 WITHDRAWN Resolution No. 39 Tests to BS 476: Part 7: 1971 shall be deemed unclassifiable if the material does not remain in position long enough to allow the pilot flame to contact the material throughout the full period of its ignition.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 21

22 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 24 No. 24 Determination of the mean temperature of steel beams STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 Still valid Average steel beam temperatures during tests to BS 476: Part 8: 1972 shall be given as the mean of the average of the web plus the average of the lower flange. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 22

23 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 25 No. 25 Measurement of Moisture Content STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No. 33 Quoted values of measured moisture contents included in test reports shall, whenever possible, be determined by oven drying techniques. For timber and wood-based products this will necessitate the selection of small drying specimens. For concrete and masonry materials small cores of material should be taken from the specimen. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 23

24 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 26 No. 26 Cautionary statement on monitored values STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No. 33 Monitored values" of moisture contents or other factors, relate to the process by which a change of condition is observed, they are not necessarily definitive values. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 24

25 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 27 No. 27 Statement of practice with regard to measured values. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 WITHDRAWN Resolution No. 33 "Measured values" of moisture contents or other factors, relate to the definitive value, and when quote should give the method of determination.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 25

26 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 28 No. 28 Procedure for agreeing resoloutions. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: ALL N/A Still valid The Fire Test Study Group will make decisions in the form of resolutions after reasonable discussion and taking account of the views of all the members. Agreement to the Resolutions will be on a one organisation, one vote, principle. Decisions will be made by majority but will subsequently be effective unanimously. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 26

27 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 29 No. 29 Applicability of the deflection criteria in a loaded test STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 June 1983 June 1983 WITHDRAWN Resolution No 40. In a test to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, the deflection criterion shall only apply during the heating period and at the initial applied load condition. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 27

28 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 30 No. 30 Positioning of thermocouples for door and shutter assemblies STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section Still valid In tests to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 7, for door and shutter assemblies, thermocouples should be placed at the following locations except when the insulation performance is to be expressed as zero. a) Standard five - at the centre of the door leaf (leaves) and the centre of each quarter section. They must not be located within 50 mm of a stiffener or a through member or closer than 50 mm to any joint between one moving element and another, or any moving element and the adjacent fixed frame. Where head and/or side panels are incorporated, two thermocouples should be fixed to each panel. When testing multiple leaf assemblies the standard five thermocouples may be distributed over the leaves, providing they are of identical cross-sectional construction. b) On stiffeners or other locations on the door leaf (leaves) which may be hotter than the average on the face. However, these must not be located within 50 mm of the edge of the door leaf (leaves) or of the door handle/lock, or closer than 50 mm to any joint between one moving element and another, or any moving element and the adjacent fixed frame. c) On the unexposed side of the frame and/or track mechanism of the door assembly if any. They should be placed as follows (see BS 476: Part 22: Clause 6.4.5): i) One should be placed at mid-height on each vertical side member and one at the mid-point of each door leaf on the horizontal top member/track assembly. ii) iii) iv) They must be placed on the unexposed face of the door frame/track assembly the plane of which is approximately parallel to the plane of the door leaf (leaves). There must be a 12 mm wide flat surface on which the copper disc can be placed. (See BS 476: Part 20: Clause C ) If (ii) and (iii) cannot be satisfied for any thermocouple then it should be omitted. d) Roving thermocouple - the positional constraints of the roving thermocouple should be as in (b) and (c) (ii) and (iii). Notes: 1) The mean temperature rise should be calculated as the mean of the thermocouples in (a). Where additional thermocouples are fixed on head or side panels the data from these should not be used to calculate the mean temperature rise but should be reported separately. 2) The maximum temperature rise should be calculated from any thermocouple in (a), (b), (c) or (d). 3) The thermocouple measuring junctions shall be positioned so that they are not over or immediately adjacent to any feature that constitutes a potential failure with respect to integrity rather than FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 28

29 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 30 insulation, ie where the measuring junction may be heated by the passage of hot gases from the furnace through the specimen. (See BS 476: Part 20: Clause C ) 4) Thermocouples may be placed on a door assembly with no insulation, or incorporating glazing with zero insulation, but the data from these can be used for assessments or information only. 5) When testing two separate door assemblies simultaneously the above requirements refer to each door assembly. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 29

30 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 31 No. 31 Pressure conditions when testing non-separating elements STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Sections 4 and 5 June 1986 June 1986 Still valid When testing non-separating elements (beams and columns) to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Sections 4 and 5, the following positive pressure conditions will apply after the first 5 minutes of test. a) Beams The pressure inside the furnace is to be controlled so that the mean static pressure, relative to the laboratory, 100 mm below the soffit of the concrete cover slab is maintained at 18 Pa ± 2 Pa. b) Columns Note: The pressure inside the furnace is to be controlled so that the mean static pressure at the top of the column is maintained at 9 Pa ± 2 Pa. The pressure value for columns complies with the proposed requirements in BS 476: Part 20: Clause where the position of the neutral axis is allowed to be 2000 mm up from the base of the column. Assuming a pressure gradient of 9 Pa/m and a total exposed height of 3000 mm the pressure value at the top of the column will be 9 Pa. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 30

31 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 32 No. 32 Loading advise for clients conducting loaded steel section fire resistance tests STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972 June 1986 June 1986 Still valid a) When performing tests on structural steel elements to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, where the loading conditions are not specified, sponsors should be advised to have the elements loaded to their maximum permissible stresses in accordance with British Standard 449: Part 2. b) Test reports on structural steelwork should include the following information: i) Test load. ii) iii) The maximum load which could be applied to a specimen when designed in accordance with BS 449: Part 2. The load capacity (or moment capacity) of the specimen at 20 C when designed in accordance with BS 5950: Part 1 and the ratio of test load : load capacity at 20 C. See Appendix I for a typical calculation. APPENDIX I SAMPLE CALCULATIONS TO BE INCLUDED IN REPORTS ON 305 MM X 127 MM X 42 KG/M BEAMS The imposed load to be applied to the beam was calculated to give a test load which would induce the maximum permissible stress stated by BS 449: Part 2: 1969, assuming there to be no composite action between the concrete slab and steel beam. The beam was simply supported and loaded using a four-point loading system. Data : Universal beam section 305 mm x 127 mm x 42 kg/m (calcs on basis of actual section size) Clear span between supports (L) = 4.25 m Elastic modulus (Z) = 530 cm³ Allowable stress (f bc ) = 165 N/mm² (From Table 2, BS 449: Part 2: , page 28) FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 31

32 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 32 Test Load : Maximum permissible bending moment M = f bc z = 165 x 10³ x 530 x 10-6 knm Dead Load : Mass of beam = 42 kg/m Weight of beam = 42 x 9.81 x 10-3 = kn/m³ Size of concrete slab = 920 mm wide x 130 mm deep Density of concrete = 2210 kg/m³ Weight of concrete = x x 2210 x 9.81 x 10-3 kn/m = kn/m Total dead load (w) = = kn/m Moment at centre of span due to UDL = wl² 8 = x 4.25² 8 = knm Imposed Load : Imposed load required to induce bending moment at centre of span of : knm = = knm Moment at centre induced by total imposed load of PkN = P x P ( ) 2 4 = P knm P = knm Total imposed load P = = Kn FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 32

33 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 32 Calculating the moment capacity (M c ) in accordance with BS 5950 : Part 1 : Data : Plastic modulus (S) = cm³ Section of beam can be considered as Class 1 (Plastic) as defined in BS 5950: Part 1:1985. From table 6 page 15 of BS 5950: Part 1: 1985 design strength (P y ) for grade 43 steel = 275 N/mm² Moment capacity (M) = P y s = 275 x x 10-3 knm = knm Load ratio = applied moment at limit state = = 0.52 moment capacity at 20 C FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 33

34 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 33 No. 33 Moisture Content STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972 FTSG (UK) will use accepted values for, or will accept advice from knowledgeable bodies for, equilibrium moisture contents for various materials, the minimum likely time to achieve that condition, and the appropriate procedures for their determination. A laboratory will take every reasonable precaution to ensure that tests are not conducted on any construction or product which may include materials that are at an atypical moisture content. It shall inform clients of the possible limited acceptability of a result which is achieved in a test where either the precise moisture content is not known, or has not been measured, or where moisture equilibrium has not been achieved, and a statement to this effect shall be included in the test report. A laboratory will quote where practicable in all fire resistance test reports, the measured moisture content of all hygroscopic materials included within a test specimen, together with a statement on the method by which it was determined, and where appropriate the calculation used in obtaining the stated value. Quoted values of moisture content shall, wherever possible, be determined by oven drying techniques. The following methods may be used to monitor moisture content to establish when equilibrium had been reached. Method a) may also be used where oven drying techniques are not practicable. a) By proven meter techniques eg Protimeter. b) By removing off-cuts or core samples from the specimen. c) By conditioning geometrically representative samples with the specimen. d) By conditioning a sample tray of material kept with the specimen. Note: Monitored values are not necessarily definite moisture contents whereas measured values are. Timber When monitoring a composite specimen, such as a door, with an electrode type meter, insulated shaft electrodes should be used to avoid erroneous readings caused be facing materials and gluelines Concrete and Masonry Different thicknesses within a specimen may require separate assessments of moisture content. Special FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 34

35 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No. 33 attention is required where non-uniformity of moisture distribution may be experienced eg metal decks. Applied Coatings Eg sprayed insulation materials, intumescent coatings. These shall be monitored by use of a sample tray of material taking into account that, in general, areas of greater thickness will require longer drying periods. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 35

36 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 34 No. 34 Positioning of furnace thermocouples STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972 the 100 mm dimension referred to in clause shall be between the thermocouple hot junction and the nearest point on the specimen in any direction. For doors in walls the dimension shall be from the nearest position on either the door or the wall, whichever is appropriate to the predetermined position of the thermocouple within the furnace. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 36

37 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 35 No. 35 Use of cotton pad and intepretation of integrity failure. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972 loss of integrity of any separating construction shall be judged on the basis of the cotton wool pad test, the pad being applied for a duration of seconds and at a distance of mm from the aperture. Only when the level of radiation from the surface of the specimen prohibits use of the cotton wool pad may other criteria be applied, eg specified in 7.4 and 8.4 of the Standard. The dimensions of cracks or fissures referred to in clause 8.4 of BS 476: Part 8: 1972 shall be interpreted such that the gap is greater than 150 mm in one dimension and 6 mm in the other for an integrity failure to be deemed to have occurred. The 150 mm dimension shall be taken as the developed length of the crack, irrespective of shape. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 37

38 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 36 No. 36 Suspended ceiling test configuration. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section Still valid When testing suspended ceilings to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6, the ends of all members in the metal suspension system shall be cut square and shall abut tightly against the perimeter framework such that all expansion of the members shall be accommodated within the specimen and not at the perimeter. Test reports shall include a diagram which indicates the number and the location of all expansion devices, support positions, joints between members, etc. The report shall contain a comment in the conclusion regarding the operation or otherwise of expansion devices. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 38

39 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 37 No. 37 Test configuration for beams with three-sided exposure. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section Still valid When testing suspended ceilings to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 6, three-sided exposure only of the steel beams shall be ensured by the use of strips of mineral fibre insulating material, the width of the top flange, placed on the upper flange and running the length of each beam, prior to the application of the cover slabs. The mineral fibre insulating material shall be of mm nominal thickness, and of suitable density to allow compression under the cover slabs. Explanatory Note: No specific density is quoted for the mineral fibre insulating material, since the relationship between density and compressibility varies from one fibre type to another. The density chosen should be such as to ensure that the spaces between the tops of the beams and the cover slabs are completely filled.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 39

40 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 38 No. 38 Loaded beam section STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, in the absence of a specific request from the sponsor, a beam (tests to section 5) shall be 305 mm by 127 mm by 42 kg/m on a nominal 4000 mm span, and a column (tests to section 4) shall be 203 mm by 203 mm by 52 kg/m.. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 40

41 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 39 No. 39 Test specimen requirements for valid testing. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 7: Still valid Materials tested to BS 476: Part 7: 1971 shall be deemed unclassifiable if the material does not remain in position long enough to allow the pilot flame to contact the material throughout the full period of its ignition. If the material ignites during the first minute of the test, however, and then shrinks away from the pilot flame whilst continuing to burn for at least five seconds after extinction of the pilot flame then the test result on that specimen shall be deemed valid, provided that the material does not shrink or melt in advance of the flame front. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 41

42 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 40 No. 40 Limitation on application of deflection criteria STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When testing loadbearing elements to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, the deflection criteria shall apply only during the heating period and at the initial applied load condition. They shall not be applied to determine failure in the re-load test. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 42

43 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 41 No. 41 Threshold detail for doors without a threshold detail. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section Superseded Resolution 48 then by Resolution No 51 When testing to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, Section 7, where a threshold detail is not included in the design of he doorset, a standard threshold shall be fitted as follows: A non-combustible threshold, or combustible threshold faced with non-combustible material of minimum thickness 6 mm. The standard threshold is to extend a minimum 250 mm from the face of the door leaf/leaves on both the exposed and unexposed sides. The width of the threshold to be equal to that of the overall width of the doorset plus 200 mm. Where the threshold is included in the design of the doorset this should be positioned in such a way as to be representative of practice eg flush with or on top of the standard threshold. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 43

44 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 42 No. 42 Design of the roving thermocouple. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476: Part 8: Still valid When conducting tests to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, a portable thermometer is used to measure the temperature at a point on the unexposed face of a separating element (to determine compliance with the 'insulation' criterion given in of the Standard) then the design of the thermocouple shall be as follows: The thermocouple shall be manufactured from Type T or Type K wires (conforming to BS 4937: Part 4 or Part 5) with a nominal diameter of 1 mm. The hot junction shall be formed by brazing the wires to a 12 mm diameter copper disc of 0.5 mm thickness. The wires shall be bent substantially normal to the disc, to enable their insertion into the holes of a twin bore insulator. The insulator shall have a diameter of 8 mm with holes of 2 mm diameter, and may be supported in a suitable steel tube with a wall thickness of 2-3 mm, such that 3 mm of the insulator is allowed to protrude. The back of the copper disc shall be 3 mm from the end of the insulator, and 6 mm from the end of the steel support tube, if used. Notes: 1. All dimensions given are nominal. 2. A diagram of the above described arrangement can be found in EEC report EUR 8750, Part II, Chapter 1, Section III, Figure The design of the portable thermocouple described is a development from the 'fixed' thermocouple design specified in of the Standard. The asbestos pad has however been abandoned since its effect was to reduce the rate of response of the thermocouple. This effect was significant when applying a 'cold thermocouple' to a surface rapidly increasing in temperature near the point of insulation failure. The use of 1 mm diameter wires has been adopted since 0.5 mm diameter wires were found to be insufficiently robust for this application. The use of thicker wires has not been found to significantly affect response time as compared to the use of thinner wires. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 44

45 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 43 No. 43 Statement in report regarding use of FTSG Resolutions. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 8 : 1972 and BS 476 : Parts : FSM/1/ discussed by committee : Doc 88/37262 page 5 (See Note 1 below) Still valid REASON : There is a need to state in the report that FTSG Resolutions have been implemented in conducting the test. RESOLUTION : A statement shall be made in all relevant test reports regarding the adoption, or otherwise, of FTSG Resolutions. Either of the following statements shall be used as appropriate. i) "Where areas of the test specification are ambiguous or open to interpretation the Fire Test Study Group Resolutions have been followed (where appropriate [except as stated below]). These Resolutions provide the basis of common agreements between the fire test laboratories which are members of this Group." ii) "The procedure(s) adopted for during the test was/were different from that given in Resolution(s) No(s). of the Fire Test Study Group. The different interpretation of requirements was adopted at the request of the sponsor." Note 1: FSM/1/6 considered that the Resolution was not relevant to BSI and on that basis did not accept its contents. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 45

46 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 44 No. 44 Classification of fire resistance durations. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 20 : FSM/1/ discussed by committee : BSI minute reference : doc 88/37262 Subsequently accepted by FSM/1/ , minute reference 89/39160 and included in draft amendment doc 89/ Withdrawn REASON : Standard is ambiguous on rounding of part minutes. RESOLUTION : When testing to BS 476: Part 20: 1987 the test results shall be stated in terms of completed, whole, elapsed minutes. eg failure occurring at 29 minutes 45 second shall be expressed as a fire resistance of 29 minutes. Note: This revision is in line with the requirements of EEC Technical Report EUR 8750 (1984) and the revisions to ISO 834 document N292. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 46

47 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 45 No. 45 Loading STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 20 : FSM/1/6 submitted to BSI : discussed by committee : BSI minute reference : doc 88/37262 Draft Amendment : 89/43833 amendments/revision : Withdrawn REASON : There is ambiguity in the Standard regarding what constitutes "constant load". RESOLUTION : When testing to BS 476: Part 20: 1987 the requirement to maintain a constant load (Clause 6.2.3) is taken to mean "constant" within the "specified tolerance" (as given in Clause 9.1.2), ie within ±2%. Note: This resolution allows periodic load adjustment to be made to compensate for the effects of deformation of a specimen. A more sophisticated loading system with a "built-in" self compensating facility is not, therefore necessary. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 47

48 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 46 No. 46 Applicability of Results STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Parts : FSM/1/6 Feb 1988 BSI minute reference : 88/37262 Rejected BSI : Withdrawn Resolution 50 REASON : There is not adequate provision in the Standards to indicate limitations or qualifications on the test results. RESOLUTION : When reporting tests to BS 476: Parts 21-24: 1987 the conclusion or that section of the report, however titled, which details the test results, shall be followed immediately by a section entitled "Applicability". This section shall contain the mandatory statement required by clause 12 (0) of BS 476: Part 20: It shall also contain any other statements required by the other various parts of the Standard and any other limitations or qualifications on the test results, eg regarding the pressure conditions. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 48

49 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 47 No. 47 Deflection Criteria STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 21 : FSM/1/ BSI minute reference : doc 88/37262 amended Still valid REASON : Clarification is required as to when deflection criteria shall apply. RESOLUTION : When testing loadbearing elements to BS 476: Part 21: 1987, the deflection criteria shall apply only during the heating period and at the initial applied load condition. They shall not be applied to determine failure in any test for residual loadbearing capacity where appropriate. Note: This revision is in line with the requirements of EEC Technical Report EUR 8750 (1984). FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 49

50 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 48 No. 48 Door Threshold Details STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 22 : FSM/1/6 Feb 1989 Rejected BSI Feb 1988 BSI minute reference : 88/37262 Withdrawn Resolution 51 REASON : By specifying a threshold detail for doorsets a more realistic situation can be simulated. RESOLUTION : When testing to BS 476: Part 22: 1987, where a threshold detail is not included in the design of the doorset, a standard threshold shall be fitted as follows: A non-combustible threshold, or combustible threshold faced with non-combustible material of minimum thickness 6 mm. The standard threshold is to extend a minimum 250 mm from the face of the door leaf/leaves on both the exposed and unexposed sides. The width of the threshold to be equal to that of the overall width of the doorset plus 200 mm. Where the threshold is included in the design of the doorset this should be positioned in such a way as to be representative of practice, eg flush with or on top of the standard threshold. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 50

51 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 50 No. 50 Limitations on use of results STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Parts : FSM/1/ Document No. :88/45018 BSI minute reference : 89/39160 Still valid REASON : There is no adequate provision in the Standards to indicate limitations or qualifications on the test results. RESOLUTION : When reporting tests to BS 476: Parts 21-24: 1987 the conclusion or that section of the report, however titled, which details the test results, shall be followed immediately by a section entitled 'Limitations'. This section shall contain the mandatory statement required by clause 12 (0) of BS 476: Part 20: It shall also contain any other statements required by the other various parts of the Standard and any other limitations or qualifications on the test results, eg regarding the pressure conditions. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 51

52 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 51 No. 51 Door Threshold Details STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 22 : FSM/1/ BSI Document No. : 88/45018 BSI minute reference : 89/39160 Still valid REASON : The present, unspecified, threshold details for doorsets are unsatisfactory for two reasons: 1. A non-continuous threshold creates unnatural conditions in terms of air movement underneath the door which can prejudice the fire resistance performance. The simple expedient of providing a wider, flat threshold removes the doubt. 2. Several door and shutter constructions deform badly along the unsupported lower edge. In practice a continuous floor level in the vicinity of this edge maintains a relatively small gap compared to the large gap created when a door is tested and distorts beyond the current unspecified threshold which is typically equal to the thickness of the supporting construction. RESOLUTION : When testing to BS 476: Part 22: 1987, where a threshold detail is not included in the design of the doorset, a standard threshold shall be fitted as follows: A non-combustible threshold, or combustible threshold faced with non-combustible material of minimum thickness 6 mm. The standard threshold is to extend a minimum 250 mm from the face of the door leaf/leaves on both the exposed and unexposed sides. The width of the threshold to be equal to that of the overall width of the doorset plus 200 mm. Where the threshold is included in the design of the doorset this should be positioned in such a way as to be representative of practice, eg flush with or on top of the standard threshold. Note: This detailing is in line with draft EUR 8750: Chapter 2: Section VI. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 52

53 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 53 No. 53 Testing to BS 476:Part8:1972 Versus BS 476:Parts 20-23:1987. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 20-23: 1987, BS 476:Part 8: FSM/1/ BSI Document No.: 88/45018: minute reference : 89/39160 Still valid BSI REASON : BS 476:Part 8:1972 has been withdrawn and replaced by the more comprehensive and technically superior Part 20 series. It therefore seems logical that all fire resistance tests carried out in the future for UK regulatory purposes should be conducted in accordance with the current standard. RESOLUTION : Members of the Fire Test Study Group (UK) agree to conduct all fire resistance tests for UK regulatory purposes in accordance with the appropriate part of the BS 476:Part 20 Series and to desist henceforth from conducting tests in accordance with BS 476:Part 8:1972. It is appreciated that other countries regulatory requirements may still require test evidence in accordance with BS 476:Part 8:1972 and that occasionally, for example is cases of litigation, it may be necessary to conduct tests to the withdrawn standard. In these cases only will members undertake tests in accordance with BS 476:Part 8:1972. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 53

54 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 55 No. 55 Minimum Number of Loading Points for Horizontal Separating Elements. STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 20 : FSM/1/ BSI Document No.: 88/45018: minute reference : 89/39160 Draft Amendment : 89/43833 WITHDRAWN BSI REASON : Current requirement is for minimum 24 loading points on a 4 m by 3 m specimen. This compares with EUR 8750 where minimum number would be 12 and current ISO 834 proposal where minimum number is 10. (Subject discussed in FSM/1/6. Document 88/35722 refers.) RESOLUTION : Amendment to Clause Delete second paragraph. Insert : 'The load shall be applied uniformly over the surface such that at any single point the load does not exceed 10% of the total load.' FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 54

55 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 56 No. 56 Revision of and C Relating to Frequency of Measurement STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 20 : FSM/1/ BSI Document No. : 88/45018 BSI minute reference : 89/39160 Draft Amendment : 89/43833 WITHDRAWN REASON : Failure criteria and calculation of area under heating curve are all based on values measured at intervals of one minute or periods of whole minutes. The two subject sections of BS 476: Part 20: 1987 refer to measurements made at intervals of less than one minute which in unnecessary. RESOLUTION : Amendment to Clauses (a) Delete second paragraph (b) Third paragraph, second sentence. Insert the words 'displayed and' before and word 'logged'. C Penultimate sentence. Delete '30s' and insert '60s'. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 55

56 FIRE TEST STUDY GROUP (UK) RESOLUTION No 57 No. 57 Revision of Relating to Time of Commencement of Heating Period STANDARD (S) TO WHICH APPLICABLE: BS 476 : Part 20 : FSM/1/ BSI Document No. 88/45018 BSI minute reference 89/39160 Withdrawn Resolution 66 REASON : The meaning of the second paragraph of is not clear in the absence of a precise definition of the word 'axis'. If, however, the paragraph is taken to mean that the thermocouple used to define time of commencement of test is to be placed near to the centre of gravity of the element under test, then (with the exception of columns) no furnace control thermocouple would normally be located in this area. Since all UK laboratories now have fairly sophisticated equipment for control and measurement, it is possible to scan the output of a number of thermocouples continuously and it is considered to be desirable and a relatively simple matter to start timing a test automatically when any one of the furnace control thermocouples reaches 40 C. RESOLUTION : The time of commencement of the heating period shall be determined from the outputs of the thermocouples used for furnace temperature control all such thermocouples shall be continuously monitored, and timing started when a temperature of 40 C is reached by any one of them. The timing device shall comply with the requirements given in C.2.3. Note: Adoption of this revision would necessitate the following additional modifications to the Standard: (a) C.7.1 Delete in its entirety. (b) C.9 First sentence. Delete 'the timing control thermocouple' and insert 'one of the furnace control thermocouples'. FTSG Resolutions 12/02/13 Page 56