Crystal River. Nuclear Plant Safety Information. environmental partners

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1 environmental partners Crystal River Nuclear Plant Safety Information Keep this brochure in a convenient location so that you will have the information in an emergency. Para recibir una copia de esta información en español, por favor llame al

2 Dear Neighbor: Table of Contents Emergency Warning Classifications of Emergencies Protective Actions Local Emergency Alert System (EAS) Stations... 3 What to Take with You to A Shelter... 4 Special Needs If You Do Not Have Transportation... 5 If You Have Family Members in a Nursing Home or Hospital... 5 Children and Schools Emergency Information and Citizen Information Lines Our first commitment to our Nature Coast neighbors is to operate the Crystal River Nuclear Plant safely. Every task we undertake, from maintaining equipment to training employees, reflects the overriding importance we place on nuclear safety. Our own families live here and enjoy the beauty of the area. Our employees understand and share the responsibility of protecting the health and safety of one another, our fellow residents and visitors to the area. We work closely with Citrus and Levy counties as well as the state of Florida to develop plans to ensure the protection of the public. Information about these plans is contained in this brochure. Please review this brochure, complete and return the included postcards and save the information for future reference. If you have any questions, please call the emergency management office in your county. These numbers are listed on page 5. Thank you for your continued support. Sincerely, If You Have Livestock or Grow Food Products Emergency Plans Evacuation Routes... 7 Quick Reference Safety Information Jon Franke Vice President, Crystal River Nuclear Plant 10- and 50-Mile Emergency Planning Zones Evacuation Routes Map Evacuation Shelters Potassium Iodide Evacuation Zones and Routes Evacuation Route Directions Types of Radioactivity Radiation Information How the Nuclear Power Plant Works Multiple Barrier Safety Design Safety and Security progress-energy.com

3 This brochure contains information about what to do during an emergency at the Crystal River Nuclear Plant. Please read this information and discuss it with family members. The best way to stay safe in an emergency is to be informed and prepared. Keep this information handy for future reference and call your county emergency management office for any assistance needed. If you have special needs, please complete and return the attached postcard to the appropriate office so that we can keep your information on file. Citrus County Sheriff s Office Emergency Operations Center 3549 Saunders Way Lecanto, Florida (after hours: ) sheriffcitrus.org Levy County Emergency Management P.O. Box 221 Bronson, Florida (after hours: ) LevyDisaster.com Progress Energy Florida, in cooperation with the departments of Emergency Management in Citrus and Levy counties and the Florida Division of Emergency Management, produces this brochure. For non-emergency information about Progress Energy Florida and the Crystal River Nuclear Plant, call or visit progress-energy.com. Emergency Warning Methods The Crystal River Nuclear Plant is designed to operate safely (see page 15). In the unlikely event of an emergency, plant operators must notify county and state emergency management officials within 15 minutes. If county officials decide protective actions are necessary, they may use any of the following methods to notify the public: Sirens Siren public address system Emergency Alert System (EAS) Loud speakers from emergency vehicles Door-to-door notifications Mass telephone notifications Radio/television broadcasts These warning systems also may be used to notify you of other emergencies such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods or hazardous material spills. Classification of Emergencies Emergency events at the nuclear plant will fall into one of four categories established by the federal government. Plant operators must notify the state and county emergency management officials within 15 minutes when any event happens. Declaring any of these emergency levels causes workers at the plant and state and county officials to start following their special emergency plans and procedures. From least to most serious, the categories are: Unusual Event This is the least serious of the four emergency classifications. It means a problem or potential problem exists at the plant, but it would not affect the public. No public action is necessary. Alert This is an event that could reduce the level of safety at the plant. The public is not in danger. State and county officials and Progress Energy Florida may activate their emergency centers, just in case the situation worsens. No public action is necessary. Site Area Emergency This event could lower the safety of the plant but probably not enough to pose a danger to the public. Radioactivity levels outside the plant site are not expected to exceed federal guidelines. The sirens will likely be sounded to alert the public to listen to local radio and television stations for information and instructions. General Emergency This is the most serious event that could occur at the plant. Plant problems could lead to a release of radioactivity above federal guidelines. State and county officials would take action to protect the public. Sirens would be sounded and local radio and television stations would give instructions to the public living in the affected areas. Citizens would be told to stay indoors or to evacuate from the area. 1

4 If You Hear a Siren Sirens do not mean evacuate. If you hear a siren sound for three to five minutes with a steady tone, turn your radio or television to an EAS station listed on page 3 for important information. Sirens also can be used to make public address announcements. Some emergency information could be broadcast through the siren speakers. The sirens are tested each Friday at noon (except holidays). If you do not hear emergency information and it is not a testing day, or if you notice a siren that appears to be damaged, call the Citrus County emergency number listed on page 5. The sirens are located within the 10-mile emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant. Signs are posted at each siren location, including public boat ramps, parks and beaches located within the EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant. The signs provide information about the Friday siren tests at noon and list local EAS radio and television stations. Siren Tests Sirens are tested each Friday at noon (except on holidays). Each siren will sound for a few seconds at full volume. The test for all sirens should last less than one minute. Public Address System Test The siren system also has the capability to make public address announcements. Though sirens are the primary method for alerting the public of an emergency, emergency management personnel in both Citrus and Levy counties also have the capability of implementing their CodeRED emergency notification systems. This high-speed telephone calling system is a powerful emergency notification tool that can deliver messages to homes, businesses or answering machines at a rate of 60,000 calls per hour. If your telephone number is listed in the local telephone directory, that number is likely already in the CodeRED database. However, if your telephone number is unlisted, or if you use a cell phone, you ll need to register your phone number (or an alternative number) to receive notifications via CodeRED. Visitors and residents within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant may register their telephone and/or cellphone information into the CodeRED database so they can receive emergency notifications. To register for CodeRed notifications in Citrus County: Log on to the sheriff s office website at sheriffcitrus.org and click on the CodeRED link or call To register for CodeRed notifications in Levy County: Log on to the emergency management website at LevyDisaster.com or call CodeRed registration for permanent residents, temporary residents and visitors is free, voluntary and highly recommended. 2

5 Protective Actions Sheltering Indoors and Evacuation In the unlikely event of an emergency at the nuclear plant, county and state emergency management officials could make recommendations, including sheltering in place or evacuation. Finding Your Zone To locate your zone, refer to the map on pages 8 and 9. The map shows three zones. Knowing your zone is important because different protective actions could be ordered for different zones. Officials will describe areas requiring protective actions using zone numbers and subdivision names. Zone numbers are provided for many locations and subdivisions so you can mark the zones where you live and work. Taking Shelter in Place Depending on conditions, staying indoors may be safer than evacuating. Most homes and other buildings will protect you for several hours. Remain indoors until further notice. Close all doors and windows. Turn off all window fans. Make sure air conditioning units do not use outside air. Cover or refrigerate any uncovered food. Stay tuned to a local EAS station listed on this page for official information. Evacuation Procedures If officials order an evacuation of your area, you must leave the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant. County shelters are available for those who need a safe place to stay. Follow these recommendations: Remain calm. Follow all evacuation directions. Lock all doors and windows. Turn off faucets and unnecessary appliances. Leave pets inside your home or garage with plenty of food and water. Do not take pets to a reception center or shelter. (For Citrus County evacuees only, the Lecanto Primary School is a pet-friendly shelter.) Make sure your neighbors understand the warning signals and have transportation especially those with special needs. Limit phone use to avoid overloading circuits. Local Emergency Alert System (EAS) Stations If you are notified of an emergency, tune to the local radio and television stations listed below for further instructions. Emergency management officials will provide accurate and timely information. Radio WRZN 720 AM WUFT 89.1 FM WJUF 90.1 FM WOGK 93.7 FM WXCV 95.3 FM WXOF 96.3 FM WSKY 97.3 FM WXTB 97.9 FM WKTK 98.5 FM WTRS FM WRGO FM WRUF (Primary station) FM WYKE FM NOAA Weather Radio Mhz Television WUFT-TV Channel 5 WFLA-TV Channel 8 * Bay News 9 Channel 9 WTSP-TV Channel 10 WTVT-TV Channel 13 WCJB-TV Channel 20 WFTS-TV Channel 28 WTOG-TV Channel 44 *WYKE-TV Channel 49 Brighthouse Cable All Channels Comcast Cable All Channels * This station has a direct link to the Citrus County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) during emergencies that can broadcast updated information. Tune to an EAS station listed on page 3 for official information. 3

6 Review evacuation routes shown on pages 8 and 9 and note the suggested routes on pages 12 and 13. Follow the instructions of emergency personnel stationed along evacuation routes. How Will Homes Be Protected? Lock all doors and windows. Police will patrol the area and control travel in and out of evacuation areas. What to Take with You to a Shelter Reception centers or shelters are available for those who need a safe place to stay. They contain only vital necessities, such as food, water and toilet facilities. Do not bring excess baggage. Take the Following Items: Identification Prescription medicines Soap and towels Shaving articles Sanitary supplies/toilet paper Toothpaste and toothbrush Sleeping bag and pillow for each family member Eyeglasses and dentures Checkbook, credit cards, cash Change of clothes Other Supplies if Readily Available: Flashlight Portable radio and batteries Plastic or paper bags Children and Infant Supplies: Disposable diapers and diaper cream Bottles Milk/formula Favorite go-to-sleep toy 4

7 Special Needs If you or a family member requires special facilities or transportation, complete and return the included postcard immediately. Your Emergency Management Office will provide assistance to those who: Have a physical or mental handicap Are elderly, ill or alone Require life-support systems Can t drive Have other reasons for needing special assistance If You Do Not Have Transportation Complete and return the included postcard to your Emergency Management Office before an emergency. Try to find transportation with a friend, neighbor or relative or call: Citrus County: After hours: Levy County: After hours: If You Have Family Members in a Nursing Home or Hospital in the 10-mile EPZ Do not pick them up. Each facility follows its own evacuation procedures. Tune to local radio or television stations listed on page 3 for information. Emergency Information and Citizen Information Lines During an emergency, special telephone hotlines will provide the latest official information. Citrus County: after hours: Citizen Information Lines: or Levy County: after hours: Citizen Information Lines: or State of Florida: Division of Emergency Management Children and Schools If you have children in school within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant, do not pick them up. Don t go to your child s school during an emergency. Schools and daycare centers will follow their evacuation procedures. Local radio and television stations listed on page 3 will announce when and where parents can pick up their children. 5

8 Citrus County Schools During an emergency, Citrus County Emergency Management may direct the following schools within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant to begin their evacuation procedures. Students will be relocated as follows: Facility Zone on Map Relocation School* Academy of Environmental Science 2 Citrus High School Crystal River Citrus County Inverness Crystal River High School 2 Citrus High School Crystal River Citrus County Inverness Crystal River Middle School 2 Citrus Springs Middle School Crystal River Citrus County Citrus Springs Crystal River Primary School 2 Inverness Middle School Crystal River Citrus County Inverness Marine Science Station 2 Inverness Middle School Crystal River Citrus County Inverness Teachers will take attendance before leaving their site and again upon arrival at their designated location. Staff will accompany and supervise students during their stay. Students will have priority busing out of the evacuation zone to their designated shelter locations. Citrus County Daycare Citrus County daycare centers located within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant will follow their individual procedures. Parents should ask their daycare center management for a copy of their emergency evacuation procedures. During a site area emergency, Citrus County Emergency Management will notify all daycare centers within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant to implement their emergency evacuation procedures. These procedures instruct parents to pick up their children from the daycare center. Children who are not picked up by their parents will be transported to the First United Methodist Church located on 3896 S. Pleasant Grove Road in Inverness, Florida. Levy County Schools Levy County children within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant in the Inglis/Yankeetown area will be taken to Bronson High School. Children in Levy County daycare centers in the Inglis/Yankeetown area within the 10-mile EPZ will be taken to Bronson Middle/High School. Children will be cared for at the site until parents pick them up. Tune to an EAS station listed on page 3 for shelter openings and updates. 6

9 If You Have Livestock or Grow Food Products Provide as much cover as possible for livestock. Leave plenty of water and food (if you are told to evacuate). Use stored feed when possible. Do not drink fresh milk from unprotected cattle. Do not eat, sell or give away fresh fruits or vegetables. Tune to local radio or television stations listed on page 3, or contact area agriculture agents for more information. Citrus County: Levy County: Emergency Plans Progress Energy Florida, the state and local governments have extensive emergency plans in place, and these plans are thoroughly tested with drills and exercises each year. Progress Energy Florida, state and county governments, law enforcement agencies and fire departments have emergency workers who are carefully trained to manage an emergency at the plant. Emergency workers are directed from emergency operations centers, and special telephone and radio systems have been installed between the plant and the emergency centers. Evacuation Routes The map on pages 8 and 9 shows the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant and suggested evacuation routes. Use the map to determine the quickest evacuation routes from your residence or work location. Evacuation routes are shown on page 13. Once you have determined your evacuation route, mark the information provided. During an emergency, tune to an EAS station listed on page 3 for more information. 7

10 10- and 50-Mile Emergency Planning Zones Your Quick Reference Safety Information for the Crystal River Nuclear Plant Please complete the information below so you will have it in an emergency. My local radio station is: Federal authorities have set up two emergency planning zones (EPZ) as the basis for planning to protect the public. Plans are in place to protect residents who live within a 10-mile radius of the Crystal River Nuclear Plant from potential exposure to radiation in the unlikely event of an emergency. Additional plans are in place to protect people from eating contaminated foods or drinking contaminated milk and water. The State Department of Health Bureau of Radiation Control will implement plans to control and sample food supplies (e.g., milk, seafood, crops, etc.) My local television station is: GILCHRIST COUNTY Zones where family members work or live: DIXIE COUNTY 320 Chiefland 24 Bronson 24 The evacuation shelter for the zone where I live is: Rosewood Ellzey Gulf Hammock Otter Creek A 121 Sumner LEVY COUNTY The evacuation route for the zone where I live is: Lebanon Station Florida Highway Patrol ZONE 3 Yankeetown Withlacoochee River Barge Canal Inglis Lake R The relocation school(s) for my child(ren) is (are): 10 Mi 5 Mi ZONE 1 2 Mi Crystal River Nuclear Power Station Ozello ZONE 2 Crystal River Plan ahead. Drive your route. If you have any questions, call your county s emergency management office. Gulf of Mexico N W E S Homosassa Homosa Grover 19 8

11 within the 50-mile zone. Though the 50-mile zone is not shown on the map below, it includes all or parts of the following counties: Alachua, Dixie, Gilchrist, Hernando, Lake, Marion, Pasco and Sumter. If radioactive material was released from the plant, the affected area would be determined by weather conditions such as wind speed and wind direction. Tune to a local radio or television station listed on page 3 for information Archer ALACHUA COUNTY 1 Raleigh Williston 27A Morriston County Boundaries State Evacuation Routes u U.S. Highways p FL Primary Highways o r Rural Routes Crystal River Plant 41 MARION COUNTY ousseau Dunnellon Withlacoochee River Citrus Springs 200 Pine Ridge ssa Springs Cleveland Blvd. Lecanto CITRUS COUNTY 480 Hernando Inverness 41 HERNANDO COUNTY Floral City 9

12 Evacuation Shelters Citrus County Reception Center Withlacoochee Technical Institute 1201 W. Main St. Inverness, FL Special Needs Shelters Citrus High School 600 W. Highland Blvd. Inverness, FL Lecanto Middle School 3800 W. Educational Path Lecanto, FL Renaissance Center 3630 W. Educational Path Lecanto, FL In Citrus County, public schools located outside of the 10-mile EPZ are typically used as evacuation shelters. All shelters may not be opened. Citizens living within the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant should listen to one of the EAS stations listed on page 3, or call the Citizen Information Lines listed on page 5 for information about shelters. Daycare Shelter First United Methodist Church 3896 S. Pleasant Grove Road Inverness, FL Pet-Friendly Shelter Lecanto Primary School 3790 W. Educational Path Lecanto, FL Other Shelters College of Central Florida 3800 S. Lecanto Hwy. Lecanto, FL Central Ridge Elementary School 185 W. Citrus Springs Blvd. Citrus Springs, FL Citrus Springs Elementary School 3570 W. Century Blvd. Citrus Springs, FL Citrus Springs Middle School 150 W. Citrus Springs Blvd. Citrus Springs, FL Crest School 2600 S. Panther Pride Drive Lecanto, FL Floral City Elementary School 8457 E. Marvin St. Floral City, FL Forest Ridge Elementary School 2927 N. Forest Ridge Blvd. Hernando, FL Hernando Elementary School E. Trailblazer Lane Hernando, FL Inverness Middle School 1950 Hwy. 41 N. Inverness, FL Inverness Primary School 206 S. Line St. Inverness, FL Lecanto High School 3810 W. Educational Path Lecanto, FL Pleasant Grove Elementary School 630 Pleasant Grove Road Inverness, FL Rock Crusher Elementary School 814 S. Rock Crusher Road Homosassa, FL 10

13 Evacuation Shelters Levy County Primary/Special Needs Shelters Bronson Middle/High School* 8691 NE 90th St. Bronson, FL Chiefland Elementary School 1205 NW 4th Ave. Chiefland, FL Williston Elementary School 801 S. Main St. Williston, FL Secondary Shelters Chiefland High School (Gym) 816 N. Main St. Chiefland, FL Williston High School 427 W. Noble Ave. Williston, FL Williston Middle School 1345 NE Third Ave. Williston, FL Daycare Shelter Bronson Middle/High School 8691 NE 90th St. Bronson, FL * During a radiological event, evacuees will be sent to Bronson Middle/High School for radiological monitoring before being sent to a shelter. Williston and Chiefland high schools are the primary shelters during a radiological event. Potassium Iodide If the public is exposed to certain types of radioactivity, state and local officials may advise the public to take potassium iodide (KI) tablets. KI is an over-the-counter drug that may reduce the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the body s thyroid gland. KI saturates a person s thyroid so it cannot absorb radioactive iodine. The public should take KI only if directed by public health officials. The county health department has plans in place for KI distribution, if it is needed. 11

14 Evacuation Zones and Routes Evacuation Route Directions 1. Individuals located north of the plant in Levy County: Take North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) north or State Highway 40 East east to Southeast County Road 336 north to Bronson. 2. Individuals located north of the plant in Citrus County: Take North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) north to Bronson or West Dunnellon Road (County Road 488) east to North Florida Avenue (State Highway 41) south to Inverness. 3. Individuals located near County Road 488: Take West Dunnellon Road (County Road 488) east to North Florida Avenue (State Highway 41) south to Inverness. 4. Individuals located south of the plant near North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98): Take North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) south to West Gulf to Lake Highway (State Highway 44 East) east to Inverness. 5. Individuals located on North Citrus Avenue (County Road 495) north of the railroad tracks: Take North Citrus Avenue (County Road 495) north to West Dunnellon Road (County Road 488) east to North Florida Avenue (State Highway 41) south to Inverness. 6. Individuals located on North Citrus Avenue (County Road 495) south of railroad tracks: Take North Citrus Avenue (County Road 495) south to Turkey Oak Drive east to West Gulf to Lake Highway (State Highway 44 East) east to Inverness. Below is a list of locations and subdivisions in the 10-mile EPZ around the Crystal River Nuclear Plant. The list shows the zone number it is in and the number(s) of suggested evacuation route(s) from page 13. Find and mark the listings that apply to you. If your location is not listed, use the one closest to you. Evacuation Location Zone Route(s) Citrus County Cedar Lake Estates 1 4 Citronelle 2 5 Country Oaks 1 4 Crystal Manor 1 3 Crystal Pointe 1 3 Crystal River Airport area 2 9 Crystal River Archeological Site 1 4 Crystal River (east of 19) 2 4, 6, 7, 8 Crystal River (west of 19) 1 4, 7, 8 Crystal River Mall 2 4 Crystal River Manor 1 4 Crystal River Oaks 1 4 Crystal River Yacht Club area 1 4 Crystal Shores 2 9 DeRosa Village 2 5 Dixie Shores 2 9 Fort Island Gulf Beach 1 9 Garden Hills 2 7 Greenwood Estates 2 6 Highland Heights 2 3 Holiday Acres 2 7 Holiday Heights 2 3 Hollinswood Ranch/Holnam Mining 1 2 Indian Waters

15 Evacuation Route Directions Evacuation Location Zone Route(s) The Islands 2 9 Lake Rousseau Country Estates 2 3 Ozello 2 10 Palm Springs 2 9 Paradise Point 2 7, 9 Plantation Golf Club area 2 9 Rainbow Estates 2 3 River Road area (south of Inglis/Yankeetown) 1 2 Seven Rivers Country Club area 2 7, 9 Seven Rivers Farms 2 3 Seven Rivers Heights 2 3 Shamrock Acres 2 6 Sunshine Gulf Estates 2 3, 5 Whitehall Estates 2 3 Woods N Waters 2 3 Levy County Cason Inglis Acres 3 1 Gulf Hammock area (Butler Road area) 3 1 Inglis 3 1 Peaceful Acres 3 1 Pleasant Acres Individuals located near West Gulf to Lake Highway (State Road 44 East) between North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) and West Norvell Bryant Highway (County Road 486): Take West Gulf to Lake Highway (State Highway 44 East) east to Inverness. 8. Individuals located near North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) between West Gulf to Lake Highway (State Highway 44 East) and West Fort Island Trail (State Highway 44 West): Take North Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) north to West Gulf to Lake Highway (State Highway 44 East) to Inverness. 9. Individuals located on West Fort Island Trail (State Highway 44 West) and on South Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98 South): Take South Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) south to West Grover Cleveland Boulevard in Homosassa Springs east to South Lecanto Highway (County Road 491) south to West Stage Coach Trail (County Road 480) east to North Florida Avenue (State Highway 41) north to Floral City. 10. Individuals located on West Ozello Trail (County Road 494): Take South Suncoast Boulevard (U.S. Highway 19/98) south to West Grover Cleveland Boulevard in Homosassa Springs east to South Lecanto Highway (County Road 491) south to West Stage Coach Trail (County Road 480) east to North Florida Avenue (State Highway 41) north to Floral City. Yankeetown

16 Radiation Information We are constantly exposed to radiation from our natural environment. This is called background radiation. Sources of background radiation include the sun, the air we breathe, soil, plants, building materials and even the human body. We are also exposed to man-made sources of radiation such as medical and dental procedures, smoke detectors and television sets. In the unlikely event of a nuclear plant emergency, you could be exposed to radioactive materials in three ways: Types of Radioactivity Three major types of ionizing radiation harmful to the public are: Alpha Alpha particles are the least penetrating type. They travel about one inch in the air and can be stopped by a sheet of paper. They are harmful only if swallowed or inhaled or if they enter the body through an open wound. Beta Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles. They travel a few feet in the air and can be stopped by thin layers of wood or glass. Beta particles also can be harmful if ingested. Gamma Gamma waves have significant penetrating capabilities. They can travel long distances and can be stopped only by heavy shielding material, such as lead or concrete. Gamma waves are harmful because they can penetrate the body and damage or destroy the cells. Radioactive material in the air and on the ground. You can prevent exposure by going to a place with no radioactive material. Radioactive material on hair, skin and clothing. Exposure will stop if you wash off the radioactive material. Breathing or swallowing radioactive material. Exposure will stop when the material stops giving off radiation or when your body eliminates it. Sources of Radiation Exposure Cosmic (Space) 5% Terrestrial (Soil) 3% Internal 5% Medical Procedures 36% Measured in millirem (mr) per year Natural Sources 50% Man-made Sources 50% Source: NCRP Report No.160 (2009) Radon and Thoron 37% Industrial and Occupational.1% Consumer Products 2% Nuclear Medicine 12% Radiation is generally measured in millirems. The average Floridian receives about 360 millirems of background radiation each year. (See pie chart.) Accurate instruments around the Crystal River Energy Complex measure radiation levels from the Crystal River Nuclear Plant. Officials from Progress Energy Florida and the state government routinely monitor these instruments. 14

17 The average additional radiation exposure for people living within a 50-mile radius of the Crystal River Nuclear Plant is less than one millirem per year. It would take about 100,000 times this amount before an individual would experience negative effects. During normal plant operations, a person would have to stand at the plant boundary for about 2,000 years to receive the same amount of radiation as from a full-mouth dental X-ray. How the Nuclear Power Plant Works The Crystal River Energy Complex has five plants: four coal-fired units and one nuclear plant. Electricity from the nuclear plant is generated in much the same way as in coal-fired plants. The major difference is the heat source. No fossil fuels are needed to produce electricity in a nuclear plant. At the Crystal River Nuclear Plant, uranium fuel is contained in long, thin rods. Uranium atoms are split by striking them with tiny particles called neutrons. This produces heat and releases more neutrons, which split more uranium atoms. This process repeats itself over and over in what is called a chain reaction. The chain reaction is contained within the reactor vessel. Control rods are raised and lowered into the reactor to control the chain reaction and the amount of heat produced. The heated water from the reactor vessel is kept under pressure to prevent it from boiling. The water is then piped to the steam generator where heat is transferred through the walls of tubes to water in a system. The water in this secondary system then turns to steam. The steam spins the turbine, which is connected to an electric generator that produces electricity. As the steam leaves the turbine, it falls on pipes carrying cooling water in the condenser system where it changes back to water. It is then pumped to the steam generator to be converted to steam again. Did You Know? When looking at the Crystal River Energy Complex, the two hourglass-shaped cooling towers, tall stacks and most of the other buildings you see from a distance are part of the coal-fired plants and not associated with the nuclear plant. A nuclear explosion cannot occur at the Crystal River Nuclear Plant because fuel in the reactor does not contain a sufficient amount of uranium. containment building pressurizer reactor vessel turbine building turbine generator electricity from the canal condenser cooling water to the canal steam generators 15

18 Multiple Barrier Safety Design The Crystal River Nuclear Plant has many backup safety systems to protect the public s and plant employees health and safety. The plant is also designed with many physical barriers to prevent the release of radioactive materials and to protect the environment. The uranium fuel is contained in long, thin rods. The ceramic pellets are stacked end-to-end inside sealed tubes of a corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant metal called zirconium. The zirconium tubes are inside a nine-inch-thick steel reactor vessel. The reactor vessel is inside a round, dome-shaped containment building made of concrete walls nearly four feet thick, reinforced with steel rods. The inside of the containment building walls has a steel lining one inch thick. Safety and Security Nuclear plants are built with multiple layers of safety systems and structures designed to protect both the plant and the community. Our safety systems have separate, multiple backup systems to provide additional protection and reliability. Containment buildings are reinforced concrete and steel structures built to withstand tremendous forces from hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes and other disasters. Nuclear plants are among the most secure industrial facilities in the world. Each facility in the U.S. has a specially trained and equipped security force that monitors and controls access to the plant 24 hours a day. Progress Energy Florida operates the Crystal River Nuclear Plant with uncompromising safety guidelines monitored by our own stringent internal programs as well as industry and Nuclear Regulatory Commission guidelines. Most of the employees who work at the Crystal River Nuclear Plant also are residents of the local area. They and their families may be your friends and neighbors. 16

19 2013 Progress Energy Florida, Inc /13

20 Crystal River Nuclear Plant W. Powerline St. Crystal River, FL