Radiation Protection Instructions

Transcription

1 DESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Radiation Protection Instructions 1. June 2004

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3 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Radiation Protection Instructions for DESY Hamburg 1. June

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5 Contents 1. GENERAL Organisation of Radiation Protection Authority Responsible for Radiation Protection Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection Radiation Safety Officer Other Responsible Persons Radiation Protection Information Availability of StrlSchV and Radiation Protection Instructions Instruction sheets Circulars Annual Report Radiation Safety Instructions PERSONAL PROTECTION Occupational Radiation Exposure Occupational Health Screening Maximum Permissible Personal Doses Measurement of Personal Dose Groups of Persons Activities in External Institutes Suspicion of Dose Exceeding RADIATION AREAS Prohibited Area Controlled Area Surveyed Areas Local Dose Measurement The Setting up of Radiation Areas Wartungstag (Maintenance day) OPERATION OF ACCELERATORS AND X-RAY EMITTING DEVICES Shielding Interlock Systems Responsibilities Inspections Repairs and Alterations 19 5

6 4.3 Emergency Off Switches Access to Searched Interlock Areas Accelerator Areas and HERA Experimental Areas Hasylab and DESY2 Experimental Areas Access to Temporary Prohibited Areas Access to Temporary Prohibited Areas with locked up grating or doors Access to Other Temporary Prohibited Areas Commissioning New Installations Accelerators and HERA Experiments Hasylab Experimental Areas DESY2 Experimental Areas X-Ray Emitters and their Testing Areas Behaviour in Case of Danger Logbook OPERATION OF X-RAY SYSTEMS HANDLING OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES Radioactive Sources Activated Materials Measurement of Rest Activity inside Accelerator Areas Measurement of Activated Materials Transfer of Radioactive Substances Transport of Radioactive Substances On the DESY Site Outside the DESY Site PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENT Local Dose at Site Boundary Activation of Water and Air DEFINITIONS 29 6

7 As the authority responsible for radiation protection, the directorate of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY issues the following Radiation Protection Instructions for the DESY Hamburg site 1. They shall be compulsory for all staff, guests and visitors of DESY- Hamburg. For independent guest organisations (e.g. EMBL, MPG, GKSS) working on the DESY site which are not under the authority of the DESY directorate, the radiation protection rules to be observed shall be regulated in a contract between these organizations and DESY. These Radiation Protection Instructions shall come into effect on June 1 st 2004, thereby replacing the Radiation Protection Instructions of July 1 st General To avoid hazards due to ionising radiation during the operation of the accelerators, when handling radioactive substances, or when operating X-ray emitting devices or X-ray apparatus the German Regulations for Radiation Protection (Strahlenschutzverordnung, abbr. StrlSchV), the X-ray Regulations (Röntgenverordnung, abbr. RöV) and the conditions of the permits of the 2, Supervisory Authority shall be observed. These Radiation Protection Instructions are based on the StrlSchV from and the RöV of Organisation of Radiation Protection Authority Responsible for Radiation Protection The directorate of DESY, being the authority responsible for radiation protection, is responsible for the operation of the accelerators, the handling of radioactive substances, the operation of X-ray emitting devices and X-ray apparatus. It shall name a member of the directorate to carry out the duties of the Authority Responsible for Radiation Protection according to article 33(1) StrlSchV and article 15(1) RöV Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection The Authority Responsible for Radiation Protection shall appoint the Head of the Radiation Protection Department and his deputy as Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection. They are responsible for the contact with the Supervisory Authority, they report to the Authority Representative for Radiation Protection on matters of radiation protection, inform him about special incidents and assist him in the appointment of Radiation Safety Officers. The Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection advise and support the Radiation Safety Officers, define their working areas and organise their training. In exceptional cases, they can dispense from regulations in the DESY Radiation Protection Instructions, but only if existing legal requirements are not affected. 1 DESY Zeuthen has its own radiation protection rules. 2 The symbol refers to a definition of the term in section 8 7

8 1.1.3 Radiation Safety Officer In agreement with the Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection, the Authority Responsible for Radiation Protection appoints in accordance with article 31 StrlSchV and article 13 RöV a Radiation Safety Officer and at least one deputy for each working area within DESY, in which radioactive substances are handled, or in which work is carried out at accelerators or X-ray emitting devices. In the written appointment the personnel, local and technical responsibilities shall be defined, as well as the duties of the Radiation Safety Officer. There is one working area General Radiation Protection, which is covered by members of the Radiation Protection Department, and there are several other special working areas. A current compilation of the Working Areas for Radiation Safety Officers at DESY Hamburg and a list of names of Radiation Safety Officers is maintained and distributed by the Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection. The names of the Radiation Safety Officers have to be reported to the Supervisory Authority. They require the appropriate expert knowledge to carry out their duties in respect of their working area. At least every 5 years, Radiation Safety Officers must attend a training course approved by the authorities, which is required to retain expert status. Within their working area, the Radiation Safety Officers shall be entitled to give orders to all employees (including their superiors!), guests and visitors in matters concerning radiation protection and have the duty to supervise them. Within their working area, Radiation Safety Officers are responsible for the radiation safety of staff, guests and visitors and must ensure this through appropriate measures. In particular, they must ensure that according to article 6 StrlSchV any unnecessary exposure of persons and of the environment is avoided and any radiation exposure or contamination of persons and of the environment is, even below the limits given in the StrlSchV and RöV, kept as low as possible, considering each matter individually and taking into account the current state of science and technology. In situations with danger through radiation they have the duty to take immediate measures to avert such danger. Within their working areas, Radiation Safety Officers must ensure that staff, guests and visitors know and follow the DESY Radiation Protection Instructions that are relevant to their safety; they are responsible for giving radiation safety instructions. They must ensure that, within their working area, the members of the radiation protection department are able to carry out the required duties according to the StrlSchV and the internal rules. (e.g. local dose measurements). The Radiation Safety Officers have a duty to inform the Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection of special incidences and of any technical or organisational alterations, which could be of significance with regard to radiation protection. Further duties and responsibilities of the Radiation Safety Officers are written down in the definitions of their working areas. 8

9 1.1.4 Other Responsible Persons Every staff member is responsible for radiation safety within the scope of their occupation at DESY and should contribute to a high level of safety by behaving responsible and being safety conscious. Interlock search teams: Each member of a safety patrol searching an interlock area (see section 4.6) is responsible that no persons are left behind and must when necessary direct persons to leave the area. Shift leaders and shift crew of the accelerator control room are responsible for safety during commissioning (see section 4.6.2) and operation of the accelerator, as well as in the supervision of temporary access to interlock areas (see section and 6.2.1) and act in accordance with the guidelines of the Radiation Safety Officers of the accelerators and of the working area MR. Divisional heads, divisional representatives, group leaders, and the accelerator coordinators support the Radiation Safety Officers in their work. They are responsible that all information of operational or organisational nature, which could be of significance for radiation protection, is forwarded to the Radiation Safety Officers responsible and to the Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection. If new activities are planned or implemented in a group or DESY department, which need approval, the Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection must be informed in advance. They shall check whether the new activities are covered by the permits due to radiation protection law and, should the occasion arise, redefine the working areas of the Radiation Safety Officers responsible or take steps to appoint new Radiation Safety Officers. 1.2 Radiation Protection Information Availability of StrlSchV and Radiation Protection Instructions The German Regulations for Radiation Protection (Strahlenschutzverordnung, abbr. StrlSchV) is available in the DESY library. German and English versions of the Radiation Protection Instructions are available in in the DESY library as well as in the Radiation Protection Department D3. The Radiation Protection Instructions are also part of the DESY Safety Rules and Regulations. The StrlSchV, Radiation Protection Instructions, details on operational organisation of radiation protection and other information about radiation protection is also available on the Internet at the DESY internal web page of the Radiation Protection Department D Instruction sheets The most important radiation safety regulations and rules of conduct have been summarised in an instruction sheet, which will be issued as an appendix to the DESY Betriebsverordnung (DESY Internal Regulations) by the Personnel Department to all registered persons before they start working at DESY. Acknowledgement of receipt and of taking note of the contents shall be taken to the personnel records. 9

10 Persons working at HERA experiments shall receive an instruction sheet with safety and radiation safety instructions from their responsible Radiation Safety Officer before starting work. The Radiation Safety Officer shall have the receipt and the taking note of the contents acknowledged. Users of the DESY 2 test beam area shall receive the User Regulations for DESY Test Beams from the Radiation Safety Officer of the MEA working area who shall have the receipt and the taking note of the contents of the instruction sheet acknowledged Circulars Should it be necessary that regulations, instructions or information are required for special radiation protection matters, which are not laid down in these Radiation Protection Instructions, the Authorized Representatives for Radiation Protection shall issue binding circulars to be distributed to the Radiation Safety Officers in all working areas. If the interests of their staff are affected, they shall make this information known to them. All circulars can be found on the D3 web page under Circulars or directly under Annual Report The DESY Authorised Representatives for Radiation Protection shall issue an annual report at the end of each calendar year in the form of a DESY internal report. All relevant measurements from the radiation protection department shall be cited Radiation Safety Instructions Before persons can work in controlled areas (see section 3.2), or handle radioactive sources or other radioactive materials, or operate accelerators, X-ray emitting devices or X-ray apparatus they must have received radiation safety instructions. These instructions must include a description of potential dangers, associated safety and protection measures, the contents of the Regulations for Radiation Protection (StrlSchV), the legal permit, and the Radiation Protection Instructions essential for work. Radiation Safety Instructions must be given at least once a year. Authorised visitors shall be instructed about the potential dangers and their avoidance in the above context before entering controlled areas. Documents and documentation about radiation safety instructions can be found on the D3 web page under Online Instructions, Radiation Protection Instructions or Formulare (from the German home page in German) or directly under or The Radiation Safety Officer is responsible for providing the instructions timely for staff, guests or visitors belonging to his working area. The contents and date of these instructions shall be recorded and must be acknowledged in writing by the person receiving this instruction. These records shall be passed to the Radiation Protection Department who shall keep them for five years (two years in the case of visitors). The Radiation Safety Officers of the Hasylab working area will keep records about computer-based instructions of persons working at Hasylab experiments. 10

11 2. Personal Protection 2.1 Occupational Radiation Exposure Persons, who may be subject to a dose of more than 1 msv per calendar year due to their work, are regarded as occupationally radiation exposed persons. For the purposes of occupational health screening (see section 2.2) they are divided into two categories: Category A: Category B: Occupational health screening is necessary. Occupational health screening is not necessary. For these groups different maximum permissible personal doses apply (see section 2.3). 2.2 Occupational Health Screening Persons may only work as category A occupationally radiation-exposed persons in controlled areas if beforehand they have been examined by a certified physician, e.g. DESY internal physician, and the physician s clearance certificate has been presented to the Authority Responsible for Radiation Protection. This examination must be repeated annually. The Radiation Safety Officers shall inform the Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection which members or guests of a group must undergo a medical examination and provide a list of these persons to the internal physician who shall then arrange for such examinations. The results of these examinations shall be taken to the personnel records. 2.3 Maximum Permissible Personal Doses The following maximum permissible doses apply: Occupationally radiation-exposed persons in category A (see section 2.1): 20 msv per calendar year Occupationally radiation-exposed persons in category B (see section 2.1): 6 msv per calendar year Persons not occupationally radiation-exposed: 1 msv per calendar year Fertile women: 2 msv per month Pregnant women: 1 msv during pregnancy 11

12 Persons under the age of 18: 1 msv per calendar year Occupationally radiation-exposed persons: 400 msv dose throughout working life Only the maximum permissible effective doses are given. If body part doses are relevant in a particular instance, the appropriate maximum permissible doses given in the StrlSchV must be obtained. 2.4 Measurement of Personal Dose Personal dose measurement is prescribed for staff and guests who carry out work in a controlled area, handle radioactive sources, if the dose rate at a distance of 30 cm exceeds 5 µsv/h, handle other materials which have been marked as radioactive. The personal dose shall be measured by means of personal dosimeters issued by the official measurement authorities. The photon and neutron dosimeters used shall be those issued by the DESY Radiation Protection Department. A readable photon dosimeter for self-monitoring purposes is provided on request or on the instruction of a Radiation Safety Officer from the working area General Radiation Protection. The measurement of personal dose is also obligatory for visitors (see section 2.5) entering a controlled area; a readable dosimeter can be used here. The measured dose must be registered and send to D3 for documentation. If a visitor's readable dosimeter is found to be fully discharged during a visit to a controlled area, the guide must immediately notify the responsible Radiation Safety Officer. Within the scope of their responsibilities, the Radiation Protections Officers must ensure that personal doses are properly measured and registered. Furthermore, they are responsible for ensuring that the official personal dosimeters are regularly changed and are handed over to the Radiation Protection Department for evaluation purposes. A monitoring period for official personal dosimeters covers 2 months and begins on the 1st of each uneven month. If personal dosimeters are needed outside working hours in case of emergency, they are available from the Technical Emergency Service ( Technischer Notdienst ). Personal dosimeters must not be stored in controlled areas or with radioactive material. Information on measurement results will be given by the Radiation Safety Officer from the working area General Radiation Protection on request to the following persons: - the person monitored - the responsible Radiation Safety Officer - the certified physician - the employer of the person monitored 12

13 2.5 Groups of Persons DESY staff members are not initially considered to be occupationally radiation-exposed persons. As soon as they take up work which requires survey with an official dosimeter, they are considered as occupationally radiation-exposed persons of category B. If they undergo occupational health screening and a relevant clearance certificate is presented from the certified physician, they are classified as occupationally radiation-exposed persons of category A. The same applies to the following guests with equivalent status to DESY staff: Members of external institutes who work at DESY on a contractual basis such that DESY has assumed employer responsibilities Members of external institutes or companies, based outside the scope of the German Regulations for Radiation Protection (StrlSchV) Members of external institutes or companies whose directors are in possession of a permit in accordance with article 15 StrlSchV, which allows persons to work at external sites (in this case: DESY). The precondition for being employed as an occupationally radiation-exposed person is the presentation of a valid and properly maintained radiation pass. In general, a delimitation contract concerning matters of radiation protection must be concluded between DESY and the company / institute Other guests, such as members of external companies or institutes from within scope of German Regulations for Radiation Protection (StrlSchV) without a permit according article 15 may not be employed as occupationally radiation-exposed persons. If necessary the working time in controlled areas has to be limited so that the maximum permissible personal dose (1 msv per calendar year) is observed. Should a personal dose of more than 0.5 msv be measured in the current calendar year, the employer will be notified and the person will be prohibited from carrying out further work at DESY which requires the measurement of personal doses (see section 2.4). Visitors, who briefly stay at DESY without working here, are not considered as occupationally radiation-exposed persons. They are only allowed to access controlled areas if the preconditions (see section (instruction), section 2.3. (maximum permissible dose) and section 3.2 (rules for controlled areas)) are satisfied. 2.6 Activities in External Institutes If DESY employees carry out activities in external institutes in which they require a personal dosimeter, they must use the dosimeters issued there. At the end of the calendar year, the Radiation Safety Officers from the working area General Radiation Protection shall ask the Radiation Safety Officers of the other working areas for DESY employees concerned and enquire the measured personal doses in the external institutes in order to archive them then. If a radiation pass is required for DESY staff to work in an external institute and thus DESY needs a permit according to article 15 StrlSchV, this must be arranged well in advance (approx. 2 months before starting work) with the Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection. 13

14 2.7 Suspicion of Dose Exceeding If it is feared that a person has exceeded the highest permissible dose, the responsible Radiation Safety Officer and the Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection shall be notified without delay. Should a person due to exceptional circumstances have received a dose of more than 20 msv in the calendar year, this person must be immediately examined by a certified physician, e.g. the DESY internal physician. If, as a result of an exceptional occurrence, there is the justified suspicion that a person may have received a single dose of more than 100 msv, a medical examination must be carried out immediately. This examination will be carried out at the following hospital: Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg Abteilung für Nuklearmedizin Lohmühlenstr Hamburg Tel.: 040/ / (always obtainable) 14

15 3. Radiation Areas 3.1 Prohibited Area Prohibited areas are areas in which the local dose rate may exceed 3 msv/h. The access points to a prohibited area shall be designated with notice boards or illuminated panels with a radiation symbol and the following inscription (black against a yellow background): Access to a prohibited area is not allowed. Exceptions may be granted by a Radiation Safety Officer from the working area General Radiation Protection. The validity of a prohibited area may be limited in time. This is regulated either by switching the illumination of the panels or by additional notice boards (e.g. Frei an HERA- Wartungstagen, i.e. Free access during HERA maintenance days, for definition see 3.6 and 8). If a local dose rate much higher than 3 msv/h can occur in a prohibited area as a result of the operation of an accelerator, it must be secured by an interlock system. 3.2 Controlled Area Controlled areas are defined in the StrlSchV as areas in which persons could receive an effective dose of more than 6 msv per calendar year. A length of stay of 40 hours per week and 50 weeks per calendar year must be assumed insofar as no other approved conditions apply. (At 2000 hours exposure per year in a radiation field constant in time corresponds to a maximum local dose rate of 3 µsv/h). The setting up of a controlled area at DESY is described in section 3.5. The access points to a controlled area shall be designated with notice boards or illuminated panels with a radiation symbol and the following inscription (black against a yellow background): 15

16 The validity of a controlled area may be limited in time and is regulated in the same way as at prohibited areas (see above). Working places for permanent use must not be set up in controlled areas. Controlled areas may only be entered if the following points are observed: Before entering controlled areas, persons must receive instructions (see section 1.2.5). Persons entering controlled areas must be equipped with the correct dosimeters in order to measure their personal dose (see section 2.4). Controlled areas may only be entered in order to carry out the necessary work. A time limit for the stay may result from the maximum permissible personal dose (see section 2.3). Members of contract companies may only work in controlled areas after consulting the Radiation Safety Officer responsible for the work to be done. Visitors may only stay in a controlled area, if they are not working there, and if they are accompanied by a competent person familiar with the area. Eating, drinking and smoking are not permitted in all controlled areas of the accelerator areas and those which are generated by radioactive materials. Controlled areas must not be entered by persons under the age of 18 pregnant or nursing women 3.3 Surveyed Areas Surveyed areas are operational areas in which persons can receive an effective dose of more than 1 msv (but less than 6 msv) per calendar year. A length of stay of 40 hours per week and 50 weeks per calendar year must be assumed, provided no other approved conditions apply. Surveyed areas are not marked. 16

17 3.4 Local Dose Measurement Inside controlled or surveyed areas the local dose or local dose rate shall be measured at representative places. Local dose measurements in the Hasylab experimental areas will be carried out by the Hasylab Radiation Safety Officer. All other measurements shall be carried out by the Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. 3.5 The Setting up of Radiation Areas The Radiation Safety Officers of the working area General Radiation Protection shall define and mark the radiation areas. If a prohibited area or controlled area may arise in a working area, the responsible Radiation Safety Officer shall notify a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. Radiation areas are set up at DESY such that assuming realistic personal durations of stay and accelerator operating times no personal dose of more than 1 msv per calendar year may be received outside of controlled and prohibited areas. 3.6 Wartungstag (Maintenance day) A planned maintenance day is a fixed period of time, announced in advance, during which the accelerator will be switched off to carry out maintenance work or similar things. Responsible for the compliance with the fixed period of time is the shift leader. During access to controlled or prohibited areas with maintenance day supplement the person entering the area is responsible to be informed if there is a maintenance day and how low this maintenance day will last. A not planned maintenance day can be generated at any time by the shift leader or by a person assigned by him by extracting a security key of the corresponding accelerator. Thereby the person extracting the security key takes the responsibility for a proper procedure of the generated maintenance day. If there is any doubt that there will be a maintenance day or not, it has to be asked at the BKR before entering the corresponding area. Detailed information concerning the topic maintenance day can be found in a circular referring to this ( ). 17

18 4. Operation of Accelerators and X-ray Emitting Devices The StrlSchV is to be observed when operating accelerators, experiments at accelerators and at X-ray emitting devices. The responsibilities for operation are regulated in the definition of the Radiation Safety Officers working areas. The following safety measures are required: 4.1 Shielding The shielding of accelerators, X-ray emitting devices and experimental areas shall be designed in conjunction with the guidelines of the Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. The Hasylab Radiation Safety Officers shall be responsible for the shielding of the Hasylab experimental areas. The Radiation Safety Officer of the MEA working area is responsible for properly setting up and dismantling the movable shielding of accelerators, HERA experiments, DESY2 experimental areas and Hasylab experiments. In the case of new installations, the shielding must be inspected and accepted by a Radiation Safety Officer of the working areas General Radiation Protection or Hasylab. Changes to existing shielding require the approval of a responsible Radiation Safety Officer ( General Radiation Protection or Hasylab ). In such cases the accelerator or the experimental area has to be shut down. Changes to the soil shielding of the accelerators must be approved by a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. Any digging in the vicinity of accelerators, which are in operation or could go into operation, is prohibited. All diggings on the DESY site are only allowed to be started after a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection agreed to that with his signature on a properly filled out special form ( Aufgrabeschein ). 4.2 Interlock Systems If a local dose rate much higher than 3 msv/h is likely to occur inside a prohibited area during the operation of an accelerator, an X-ray emitting device, or an experimental area, then such an area must be secured by an interlock system. The responsibility for providing the interlock system lies with the Radiation Safety Officer in whose working area the operation belongs Responsibilities The safety installations of the interlock systems and the logical interconnections of their signals shall be technically set up by the MST group and the MEA group. The safety installations interact on technical components for those reliable functioning the MIN, MHF, MVA, MVP, MKK, MDI groups and Hasylab are competent. The Radiation Safety Officers from the above mentioned groups are responsible for the proper function, repairs and documentation of their components of the interlock system. 18

19 The design has to be approved by a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. In case of new installations or significant alterations to existing interlock systems, especially with respect to the interconnections of the different components, the design of the system must be inspected and approved in advance by the Radiation Safety Officers of the working areas General Radiation Protection and MR Inspections Before the initial operation of an accelerator, experimental area, or an X-ray emitting device, an interlock system shall be fully tested and inspected under the direction of a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. This inspection shall be repeated at least once a year. The necessary rules of inspection are provided by the Radiation Safety Officers of the General Radiation Protection working area in co-operation with the above mentioned groups. A selected part of the inspections will be accompanied by an external expert. The focus of these particular inspections will be jointly decided by the Radiation Safety Officers of the working area General Radiation Protection and the expert with the consent of the Supervisory Authority Repairs and Alterations Repairs and alterations may only be carried out by staff of the group responsible for the respective safety installation or under the supervision of such members. They must be carried out in agreement with the Radiation Safety Officers responsible for operation of the accelerator. The nature and extent of any necessary re-inspections, which arise from such measures, must be determined by the Radiation Safety Officers of the working area General Radiation Protection. 4.3 Emergency Off Switches Emergency off switches shall be installed in each accelerator area so that either an emergency switch or an exit can be reached from all locations in the area within the warning period. Pressing the emergency off switch will stop the beam operation in this area, prevent injection and, where appropriate, beam shutters will be closed. The search of this area must then be repeated. All emergency off switches inside an accelerator or experimental area must act on the beam operation concerned. 4.4 Access to Searched Interlock Areas It is prohibited to access searched interlock areas by surmounting doors, shielding, or protective fences or to otherwise gain unsupervised access to searched areas. In case of emergency an interlock area may be broken at any time (for example by opening an interlock door); afterwards the operator of the accelerator and the responsible Radiation Safety Officers must be informed about the incident. Other unplanned breaking of an 19

20 interlock must also be reported to the operators of the accelerator and the responsible Radiation Safety Officer. Planned breaking of an interlock must be coordinated with them. Some entrance doors to interlock areas are equipped with facilities to enable temporary controlled access to the interlock area without breaking the interlock, so that a search at the end of the access is not required ( ZZ procedure). It is prohibited to access a searched interlock area without taking a security key for the associated accelerator or experimental area. Each person must carry an own security key for the duration of the access. The key must not be given to another person Accelerator Areas and HERA Experimental Areas Installations to allow controlled access ( ZZ ) to searched interlock areas are: Key boxes with security keys Camera surveillance of the access doors Telephone connection to the control room Mechanism for bridging the door interlock by the control room Access to an interlock area of the joint accelerator system takes place under the responsibility of the shift leader in the accelerator control room ( BKR ) or an operator instructed by him. The operator who bridges the door is responsible that the following safety measures have previously been taken: Switching off the beam and the high frequency source (resp. running down below the power threshold), prevention of injection from neighbouring accelerators in the joint accelerator system (e.g. closing of beam shutters, switching off beamcontrolling magnets, kickers and septa) Identification of each person at the entrance door via telephone connection Documentation in the log book of time, date, and location of the access and names of the persons entering Removal of a security key for the relevant accelerator for each person applying for access Under certain conditions (see 6.2.1) it has to be ensured that inside the area where the entering person wants to work will be no increased activation The person taking the security key is responsible for its proper use and whereabouts. The Radiation Safety Officers of the respective personal working areas are responsible for the necessary radiation safety instructions of those persons. 20

21 4.4.2 Hasylab and DESY2 Experimental Areas The bridging of the door interlock to a searched interlock area of an experimental area at DESY2 or Hasylab takes place using a key from the key box panel. The beam shutter separating the experiment from the accelerator must be closed in this case. Documentation of the access is dispensed with in this case. The Radiation Safety Officer of the respective working area is responsible that all persons working at the experiment are instructed about this procedure and that each person is aware of his/her own responsibility. 4.5 Access to Temporary Prohibited Areas Areas adjacent to accelerators, which are prohibited areas when the accelerator is in operation but have no interlock installations, may only be accessed if it can be ascertained that the accelerator is shut down. During operation periods, this is ensured by removing a safety key of the corresponding accelerator Access to Temporary Prohibited Areas with locked up grating or doors In the normal case the person who wants to work in such an area gets from the shift crew a safety key of the corresponding accelerator. He hands over this safety key at the MEA key issuance and gets the key of the corresponding area. Therewith he is responsible for the correct breaking of the necessary interlock areas before the start of the work and for searching and setting up correctly the area after the end of the work. Exceptional rules exist for working at or on the HERA hall cranes and for the behaviour outside normal working hours. All procedures are described in a special circular in detail ( ) Access to Other Temporary Prohibited Areas The person who wants to work in such an area gets from the shift crew a safety key of the corresponding accelerator. The shift leader shall be notified in this case. The person getting the safety key and accessing such an area is responsible that the area is subsequently searched and is correctly set up when the accelerator goes into operation again. If more than one person wants to have access to such an area, one of them must be nominated as being responsible to the shift leader before the safety key is given to him. 4.6 Commissioning New Installations Within their working area, Radiation Safety Officers are responsible that the shielding and the interlock system of new installations or of major alterations of existing installations are inspected and accepted by a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection before operation. The Hasylab Radiation Safety Officers are responsible for the acceptance of shielding in synchrotron beam experimental areas. 21

22 4.6.2 Accelerators and HERA Experiments For routine starting procedures, the following procedures must be complied with: 1. Interlock areas required for accelerator operation shall be searched by a search team; during this procedure all persons have to leave the interlock area. Responsibility for a proper search lies with the persons conducting the search. Accelerator areas are generally searched by members of the accelerator shift crew. The Radiation Safety Officer for the accelerator is responsible for organising the search of this area. The names of the search team shall be recorded in the logbook (see section 4.8). The HERA experimental areas are normally searched by members of the relevant experiment. The group of persons authorised to search is defined in writing. A correct search shall be confirmed with their signatures in a list in the experiment control room. The Radiation Safety Officer for the experiment is responsible for organising the search of this area. 2. During the search procedure, doors leading to the future prohibited area are closed and electrically secured ( set ) and a red warning lamp or a panel with the instruction Stop! Interlock set on the doors illuminates. During the search procedure setting buttons must be activated in a prescribed sequence. During the search a recorded message will be heard (e.g. Tunnel search, please leave the tunnel ). 3. Once it is certain that all persons have left the area and after all other safety installations in the accelerator are functional, the beam warning for the accelerator can be started. The following functions will be activated: Illuminated panels Prohibited Area at the access doors will be switched on. There will be an acoustic warning announcement (e.g. Attention, HERA will be switched on ), which is to be heard for an appropriate time in the accelerator area and in the control room Yellow rotating or blinking lights will be switched on in the areas The lighting in the areas will be reduced At the end of the warning period clearance is given and a beam may be generated or injected Hasylab Experimental Areas A beam shutter is available which can separate the experimental area from the accelerator. Before a beam is injected into an experimental area, the following safety measures must be complied with. They shall be carried out under the responsibility of the Radiation Protection Officers of the working area Hasylab. 1. The doors at the experimental area will be shut and electrically secured; then red warning signs on the doors will illuminate. 2. Depending on the size of the area, one or two authorised members of the experimental group will search the area. They are responsible for ensuring that no person remains in the area. The responsibility for organising the search lies with the Hasylab Radiation Safety Officers. 22

23 3. Once it is certain that all persons have left the area and after all other safety conditions have been satisfied, the beam warning for the area can be started. The following functions will be activated: Illuminated panels Prohibited Area at the access doors will be switched on. An acoustic warning announcement will be started, which is to be heard for an appropriate time within the area. Rotating yellow lights will be switched on. At the end of the warning period the beam shutter may be opened DESY2 Experimental Areas The same safety measures apply here as for the Hasylab experimental areas (see section 4.6.3). The responsibility lies with the Radiation Safety Officer responsible for the experimental group. Information must be given in a notice displayed at the experimental hut, which group is using the experimental area and which Radiation Safety Officer is responsible X-Ray Emitters and their Testing Areas If an interlock area or shielding is required for the testing of accelerator components, the starting measures shall be carried out analogous to those for an accelerator; the above mentioned measures shall then be transferred to the testing area accordingly. The responsibility for the execution lies with the Radiation Safety Officer responsible for operation. 4.7 Behaviour in Case of Danger If, in spite of all safety measures, a person is left behind in an accelerator area, experimental area, or test area, the following situation can be life-threatening: Yellow rotating or blinking lights are in operation. The lighting is reduced. An acoustic warning announcement is to be heard (e.g. Attention, DORIS will be switched on or Attention, the high frequency transmitters south right will be switched on ). In this case, the radiation warning is active in the area; at the end of the acoustic warning a beam can be generated in the area or injected into the area. The following measures must be taken immediately: Pressing an emergency switch (not unlock afterwards!) and/or Escaping through an interlock door. The operation of a beam is thus impossible; the warning signals are then switched off again. The Radiation Safety Officers must then be notified about that incident. 23

24 4.8 Logbook At accelerator operations a logbook must be maintained. The responsibility for this lies with the Radiation Safety Officer of the working area MR. Entries shall be made by the shift leader for the operation of linked accelerators, in the case of internal operation of an accelerator by the member of staff responsible for the operation entrusted by the Radiation Safety Officer. The following shall be entered in the logbook: Name of the shift leader or the member of staff responsible for operation Date and time of the search of the accelerator interlock areas and names of the search team. Controlled access to searched interlock areas (see section 4.4.1) Alarms of the radiation monitoring system (time and location) Incidences concerning the interlock system. 5. Operation of X-Ray Systems Operation of X-ray systems is subject to the X-ray Regulations (Röntgenverordnung, abb.: RöV). The Radiation Safety Officers appointed according to the RöV are responsible for the operation in compliance with the regulations; they will also issue detailed safety instructions if required. 6. Handling of Radioactive Substances Within their working area, the Radiation Safety Officers are responsible for the handling of radioactive substances, for their storage and the prevention against loss. They are also responsible for instructing the persons handling radioactive substances (see section 1.2.5). The personal dose is to be measured when handling radioactive substances (see section 2.4). The working area shall be clearly marked: If the dose rate is higher than 5 µsv/h at a distance of 1 m, a controlled area has to be set up (see section 3.2); for lower dose rates an obvious warning sign is sufficient which includes the radiation symbol. Storage containers and cupboards containing radioactive substances and rooms where radioactive substances are located must also be clearly marked. Persons under 18 years of age and pregnant or nursing women are not permitted to handle radioactive substances. 24

25 Radioactive substances, which are no longer required or no longer used, shall be handed over to the Radiation Protection Department for controlled storage. 6.1 Radioactive Sources Radioactive sources and apparatus, which contain radioactive sources, may be ordered only by a Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. They shall be delivered to the Radiation Protection Department, where they are registered and labelled as being radioactive. They will be issued against a signature by the Radiation Safety Officer who is responsible for their handling Issued sources, which are not permanently installed into an experimental set-up or in use shall be stored in a safe. The relevant Radiation Safety Officer is responsible that the location and person handling the source are traceable any time. The Radiation Protection Department shall control the inventory, the physical condition and the mode of storing radioactive sources issued. Damage to or loss of radioactive sources must be immediately reported to the responsible Radiation Safety Officer of the working area General Radiation Protection. All radioactive sources brought onto the DESY site by staff of external institutes must be reported to a Radiation Safety Officer of the working group General Radiation Protection or Hasylab (for Hasylab guest sources). These sources are subject to the same rules as DESY-owned sources with regard to handling and storage. The purchase of radioactive sources and the inventory of all sources at the end of a year shall be reported by the Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection to the Supervisory Authority. 6.2 Activated Materials During the operation of an accelerator, objects in the accelerator area may become radioactive due to beam losses. Activated materials must be stored in a way that they are properly protected against access by unauthorised persons. The Radiation Protection Officer concerned is responsible for these arrangements. Eating, drinking and smoking are not permitted when handling with activated materials. Activated materials may only be machined (e.g. filed, sawn, grounded, welded) after approval of the responsible Radiation Safety Officer from the General Radiation Protection division, who defines the required measures to be followed during processing Measurement of Rest Activity inside Accelerator Areas At the beginning of every shut down period the dose rate due to rest activity inside the accelerator areas will be measured by D3 at working distance. Locations with higher radioactivity are labelled with yellow signs as shown here. The measurement protocols will be distributed DESY intern in the BKR and on the D3 web page. 25

26 Before the access to accelerator areas during the period of operation the dose rate has to be measured only if there is a suspicion that there had been unusual local beam losses at these locations where the work has to be done. In this case D3 has to be informed to measure the dose rate before the work will be started. If there are not scheduled accesses outside normal working hours, devices to measure the dose rate are available at the BKR such that under the responsibility of the shift leader the necessary measurements can be carried out and the required safety measures can be taken Measurement of Activated Materials If objects are to be removed from the accelerator area where they were present during beam operation, subject to the following conditions, they must be checked for radioactivity by a member of the Radiation Protection Department and, where necessary, labelled: If the accelerator area is a controlled or prohibited area after switching off, all objects removed must be measured. If the accelerator area is not a controlled or prohibited area after switching off, all objects which may have been directly affected by the beam must be measured (e.g. vacuum tubes, collimators, cavities). Objects from Hasylab experimental areas, X-ray emitter test areas or experimental areas from DESY2 need not to be measured. This inspection may be carried out at a later stage provided that the object is stored in a special room marked as a controlled area. Warning signs or stickers shall be applied to the objects, as required, with the radiation symbol and labelled Vorsicht Radioaktiv ( Caution Radioactive ). This label may only be removed by a member of the Radiation Protection Department. 6.3 Transfer of Radioactive Substances Radioactive substances may only be passed on to other institutes or companies if they are in possession of a relevant handling permit. This type of transfer requires the approval of an Authorized Representative for Radiation Protection. 26

27 6.4 Transport of Radioactive Substances On the DESY Site The following rules must be observed if radioactive sources or activated materials have to be transported within the DESY site: avoid unnecessary radiation exposure through the choice of suitable transportation containers (shielding, distance), the transportation containers must be constructed so that the radioactive substances cannot fall out under normal treatment, do not leave radioactive substances unattended during transportation, obey general transportation safety rules (e.g. securing load, protection against weather, observe traffic rules) Outside the DESY Site The approval of the Officer Responsible for Transportation of Radioactive Substances (Gefahrgutbeauftragter) is required if radioactive substances are to be removed from the DESY site. Exceptions are radioactive sources belonging to guest groups; they are responsible themselves for transportation. The Radiation Safety Officer of the respective working area shall be responsible for the transport of radioactive substances between the DESY site and the HERA halls and organize the transport taking into account the transport permit and regulations valid for DESY and will be supported by the Officer Responsible for Transportation of Radioactive Substances (Gefahrgutbeauftragten für den Transport radioaktiver Stoffe). 27