Indian Standards On Fire and Electrical Safety. A K Purohit, Scientist E Bureau of Indian Standrds Bhubaneswar

Transcription

1 Indian Standards On Fire and Electrical Safety A K Purohit, Scientist E Bureau of Indian Standrds Bhubaneswar

2 Electrical and Fire Safety Why? LIFE SAFETY PROPERTY PROTECTION

3 Electrical Accidents-Statistics 25% of all fires occur due to electricity About 25 deaths per day due to electrocution (India) (2011) 42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due to electricity

4 How Standards can help Incorporating safety features in product while defining product characteristics System safety Defines best practices on Dos and Do Not Best practices in Industry Experience

5 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Energy usage in the modern world is predominantly in the electrical form due to the advantages offered by it in ease of generation, transmission and ultimate application as compared to other forms of energy. Use of electricity has changed our life. Although it is of paramount importance in our day to day life, it brings with it associated hazards arising out of various factors. Safety is of paramount importance during generation, transportation and final usage of electrical energy and the associated installations.

6 ELECTRICAL SAFETY (Contd) Working with electricity can be dangerous. Engineers, electrician, and other professionals work with electricity directly, and including working on overhead lines, cable harnesses, and circuit assemblies. Others such as office workers and sales people work with electricity indirectly and may also be exposed to electrical hazards. The hazards can be in the form of electrical shock, burns or fire.

7 Hazards Application of a safety standard is intended to reduce the risk of injury or damage due to : electric shock; energy related hazards; fire; heat related hazards; mechanical hazards; radiation; chemical hazards.

8 Electric shock approximately half a mili-ampere can cause a reaction in persons in good health and may cause injury indirectly due to involuntary reaction.

9 Energy related hazards may result from a short circuit burns; arcing; ejection of molten metal.

10 Fire Measures to reduce risks include: providing overcurrent protection; using constructional materials having appropriate flammability properties for their purpose; selection of parts, components and consumable materials to avoid high temperature which might cause ignition; limiting the quantity of combustible materials used; shielding or separating combustible materials from likely ignition sources; using ENCLOSURES or barriers to limit the spread of fire within the equipment; using suitable materials for ENCLOSURES so as to reduce the likelihood of fire spreading from-the equipment.

11 Heat related hazards burns due to contact with hot accessible parts; degradation of insulation and of safety-critical components; ignition of flammable liquids. measures to reduce risks include taking steps to avoid high temperature of accessible parts; avoiding temperatures above the ignition point of liquids; provision of markings to warn USERSwhere access to hot parts is unavoidable.

12 Mechanical hazards sharp edges and corners; moving parts which have the potential to cause injury; equipment instability; flying particles from imploding cathode ray tubes and exploding high pressure lamps. measures to reduce risks include: rounding of sharp edges and corners; guarding; provision of SAFETYINTERLOCKS

13 Radiation sonic (acoustic) radio frequency infra-red ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, measures to reduce risks include limiting the energy level of potential radiation sources; screening radiation sources; Provision of SAFETYINTERLOCKS markings to warn USERS

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16 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT SAFETY GENERAL REQUIREMENTS IS (Part-1) :2010 / lso/lec :2001 Applicable to standard is applicable to mains-powered or batterypowered information technology equipment, electrical business equipment and associated equipment, with a RATED VOLTAGE not exceeding 600 V.

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18 IS Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Apparatus - Safety Requirements Equivalent to IEC : 2005

19 UPS IS : Part Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Part 1 General and Safety Requirements for UPS Equivalent to IEC : 2008

20 Compulsory Registration Scheme Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY) has notified "Electronics and Information Technology Goods (Requirement for Compulsory Registration) Order, products Subsequent Order on 13 Nov products

21 Features of Registration Scheme no person shall manufacture or store for sale, import, sell or distribute goods which do not conform to the Indian standard specified in the order Manufacturers of these products are required to apply for registration from Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) after getting their product tested from BIS recognized labs. Self Declaration of conformity no inspection

22 Product Covered under Compulsory registration Scheme

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30 Safety of Household Electrical Appliances General Requirement Particular requirement

31 Safety of Household and similar electrical appliances IS 302 / IEC Safety requirements for household and similar electrical appliances. Part 1 : 2008 General Requirement Part 2 Particular requirements (parts 2 contain clauses to supplement or modify the corresponding clauses in part 1) Section 1 appliances 1 Section 2 appliances 2..

32 Safety of Household and similar electrical appliances IS 302 / IEC Safety of electrical appliances for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other appliances does not take into account use of appliances by young children or infirm persons without supervision, playing with the appliance by young children

33 Safety of Household and similar electrical appliances Protection against electric shock (class 0 to class 3) Marking Temperature Rise Operation under Overload conditions Electrical Insulation and Leakage Current at Operating Temperature Moisture Resistance Abnormal Operation Construction Internal Wiring Radiation Hazards

34 Different Class of Appliances based on Protection against electric shock

35 Class 0 These appliances have no protective-earth connection and feature only a single level of insulation between live parts and exposed metalwork If permitted at all, Class 0 items are intended for use in dry areas only

36 Class 1 appliances must have their chassis connected to electrical earth A fault in the appliance which causes a live conductor to contact the casing will cause a current to flow in the earth conductor

37 Class 2 Class II or double insulated electrical appliance is one which has been designed in such a way that it does not require a safety connection to electrical earth (ground)

38 Class 3 Class III appliance is designed to be supplied from a separated/safety extra-low voltage power source.

39 Safety in Electrical Installations Scope of ET 20: To prepare standards for safety and related matters in designing, erection and maintenance of electrical installations from the point of view of safety and good engineering practice that would, amongst other things, promote compatibility between such standards and those concerning the equipment installed

40 Need to lay down rules and inform good practices The Indian Electricity Rules, 1956, contain specific regulations to be adhered to in the supply and use of electrical energy. Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations, 2010 Nevertheless, there are several areas which need elaboration and complementing.

41 Safety in Electrical Installations (Contd) The work includes electrical installations in buildings for different occupancies and outdoor sites of temporary or permanent nature National Electrical Code (NEC) dealing with electrical installations falls under the scope of this committee.

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43 NEC 2011 elaborates the IE Rules/ safety reg. which are statutory in nature serves as a comprehensive document on electrical practices in India provides information in a consolidated form to electrical engineers and contractors in the country who are concerned with the design and operation of electrical installations.

44 National Electrical Code (NEC) 2011 Indian Electricity Act, 1910 Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 Need was felt to elaborate upon these regulations since the agencies involved have varied practices In order to rationalize these practices, India s first National Electrical Code, formulated in 1985

45 NEC 2011 compendium of several well established codes of practice The code complemented and elaborated on the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 Electricity Act 2003 Energy Conservation Act, 2001

46 NEC 2011 Electrical Installations Sectional Committee, ETD 20 All material, accessories, appliances etc., used in an electrical installation should conform to Indian Standards wherever they exist Electrical installation should be carried out in accordance with the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 Intended to be advisory

47 Scope of NEC 2011 Standard good practices for selection of various items of electrical equipment Recommendations concerning safety and related matter General safety procedures and practices in electrical work; Additional precautions for special environmental conditions like explosive and active atmosphere.

48 NEC APPLIES TO: Standby generating plants Building substations Domestic dwellings Office buildings Shopping and commercial centres Institutions Recreation and other public premises Medical establishments

49 NEC APPLIES TO: Hotels Sports buildings Industrial premises Temporary and permanent outdoor installations Agricultural premises Installations in hazardous areas Solar Photovoltaic installations

50 NEC DOES NOT APPLY TO: Traction, motor vehicles, installations in rollingstock, on board-ships, aircraft or installations in underground mines Systems of distribution of energy to public Power generation and transmission for such systems Guidelines on the payment for electrical work done in installations

51 National Electrical Code (Contents) NEC contains 8 Parts and 30 Sections

52 NEC CONTENTS Part 1 General and Common Aspects Part 2 Electrical installations in stand by generating stations and captive substations Part 3 Electrical installations in non-industrial buildings Part 4 Electrical installations in industrial buildings Part 5 Outdoor installations Part 6 Electrical installations in agricultural premises Part 7 Electrical installations in Hazardous area Part 8 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems

53 Part 1 General and Common Aspects Section 1 Scope of the National Electrical Code Section 2 Definitions Section 3 Graphical Symbols for Diagrams, Letter Symbols and Signs Section 4 Guide for preparation of diagrams, charts & tables, and marking Section 5 Units and systems of measurement Section 6 Standard Values Section 7 Fundamental principles Section 8 Assessment of General Characteristics of buildings Section 9 Wiring Installations Section 10 Short Circuit Calculations

54 Part 1 General and Common Aspects Section 11 Electrical aspects of building services Section 12 Selection of equipment Section 13 Erection and precommissioning testing of installations Section 14 Earthing Section 15 Lightning protection Section 16 Protection against voltage surges Section 17 Guidelines for power factor improvement Section 18 Energy Efficiency aspects Section 19 Safety in electrical work Section 20 Tables

55 Alphanumeric Notation, Graphical Symbols and Colours Supply ac systems Phase 1 L1 Red Phase 2 L2 Yellow Phase 3 L3 Blue Neutral N Black

56 Part 1 Section 7 Fundamental principles Distance from Electric lines Lighting and ventilation(section 14) Heat Insulation Lifts and Escalators Locations and space for Electrical Equipment Design of electrical installation-protection for safety, other factors

57 Layout of the Sections/Parts Switchgear for Control and Protection Building Services Lighting Air-conditioning Lifts Fire Protection Testing of Installation Miscellaneous Provisions

58 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE Contains guidelines which can be adopted immediately Harmonized with corresponding IEC standards Gives reference to related Indian standards Code is intended to be advisory Code is not mandatory Should be adopted in interest of safety and economy Keep our electrical installation practices at par with the best national and international practices

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63 How a wire are drawn and how they are connected in a T joint

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66 Recommended Fire Protection by NEC 2011

67 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE SP 30 : 2011 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE Available at BIS Sales offices Available for online sale at BIS sales portal

68 Fire safety

69 Fire Safety On an average 300 deaths per year Huge property losses About 69% fires are caused by electricity More prevalent in high rise building

70 NBC 2005 The main purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures

71 NBC Birth of NBC1970 First Revision of NBC1983 (after 13 years) Second Revision of NBC-IV 1997 ( after 14 years) 3 rd Revision of NBC 2005 (after 22 years)

72 National Building Code 2005 Construction In all Sectors of Development. Planning Commission A need felt for indepth Study, Reason & its Justification. Linkage-Latest Technology V/S Outdated Byelaws Resulted in the Evolution of NBC.

73 Applicability of the code To Service as model for adoption by Public works department, other government construction departments and other construction agencies. To be adopted by State Government / local bodies The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority.

74 Classification of Building in NBC 2005 Group A Residential Group B Educational Group C Institutional Group D Assembly Group E Business Group F Mercantile Group G Industrial Group H Storage Group J Hazardous

75 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY Deals with Safety from Fire. Exits in Building V/S Importance of Life Safety. Involvement of Qualified & Trained Fire Protection Engineers from the very beginning. Standards Laid Down to provide safety from fire. Potential Panic Hazard measures to minimize Panic hence control on accidents. Flexibility V/S Rigidity. Limitation of Height and areas of Building for Occupants Safety. Phasing out of Ozone Depleting Substance-Under Country Program. New standards have been already developed and put in place for Halonalternative clean agents.

76 Fire Safety IS 13694:1993 Fire Safety in Iron and Steel Industries Blast Furnace Steel Melting Shop Coke Oven Re-heating furnace Hot Mill (rolling mill) Fire detection and alarm system Fire extinguishing system

77 IS 3594 : 1991 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS: GENERAL STORAGE AND WAREHOUSING INCLUDING COLD STORAGES

78 BIS Web site Web site :- Online sales of Indian Standards Compulsory registration (Electronics and IT Product

79 Thank You