Systems of inspecting the existing building and the procedures of auditing engineering plans. M. Mostafa

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2 Systems of inspecting the existing building and the procedures of auditing engineering plans M. Mostafa 2

3 Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Why inspection? 3. Initial Verification 4. Periodic verification 5. Reference M. Mostafa 3

4 Introduction M. Mostafa 4

5 Introduction M. Mostafa 5

6 Introduction M. Mostafa 6

7 Why inspection? M. Mostafa 7

8 Why inspection? Loss Measure Residential Building Electrical Fires Loss per fire $25,126 Injuries per 1,000 fires Deaths per 1,000 fires 6-7 M. Mostafa 8

9 Why inspection? M. Mostafa 9

10 Initial Verification M. Mostafa 10

11 Periodic verification M. Mostafa 11

12 Periodic verification M. Mostafa 12

13 Contacts M. Mostafa 13

14 Contacts Values with a good connection Current A Voltage drop mv Heat developed mw M. Mostafa 14

15 Values with a bad connection Contacts Current A Voltage drop mv Heat developed mw 20 1,000 2,000 20,000 40, ,200 1,400 18,000 36, ,500 3,000 15,000 30, ,000 4,000 10,000 20, ,000 7,000 3,000 5,000 M. Mostafa 15

16 Contacts M. Mostafa 16

17 Wiring M. Mostafa 17

18 Wiring There are two types of risks involving wiring External exposure of the cable to a fire originating in other combustible materials. The cables consist primarily of insulation material (70%), which means that there is a lot of combustible material available Internal overheating due to overloads or short circuits in cables M. Mostafa 18

19 Wiring There are over 9,000 electrical fires across the UK each year. M. Mostafa 19

20 Wiring M. Mostafa 20

21 When is a periodic inspection needed? It is generally accepted that an electrical installation should be inspected every ten years. When a circuit breaker trips frequently, or sockets, switches, or fuse panels become hot or display burn marks, an inspection and further maintenance is required. In Belgium, an inspection of the electrical installation is required when there is a change of ownership. M. Mostafa 21

22 What to inspect? Adequacy of the earthing and bonding Suitability of the switch gear and control gear Serviceability of the equipment (switches, socket outlets, light fittings) by careful examination for signs of overheating The wiring system and its condition (old types of cables, insulation of the cables) Provision for RCDs Presence of adequate identification and notices Extent of any wear and tear, damage, or other indications Changes in the use of the premises that can lead to deficiencies in the installation M. Mostafa 22

23 Some of the tests that can be carried out with the supply connected Continuity of the protective conductors Equipotential bonding Earth electrode resistance Earth-fault loop impedance Correct operation of the RCDs Correct operation of switches and isolators M. Mostafa 23

24 How to measure the insulation resistance M. Mostafa 24

25 INSPECTION ON THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION IN HONG KONG and India s BUILDINGS M. Mostafa 25

26 Agenda 1. Introduction 5. Functional Testing 2. General Requirements 3. Visual Inspection 6. Testing Of Emergency Lighting, Exit Sign And Emergency Generator Installations 7. Conclusion 4. Testing 8. Reference M. Mostafa 26

27 Abbreviations T & C PBSE PBSI C.O.P. Testing and Commissioning Project Building Services Engineer Project Building Services Inspector Code of Practice for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations M. Mostafa 27

28 Introduction M. Mostafa 28

29 Introduction M. Mostafa 29

30 This procedure is written to facilitate the PBSE and PBSI in carrying out the following aspects of work with respect to T & C. To vet and approve the T & C procedures proposed and submitted by the Contractor. Introduction To witness those T & C procedures as specified. To receive the T & C certificate and other supporting data. M. Mostafa 30

31 General Requirements M. Mostafa 31

32 General Requirements Where tests are required to be witnessed by the PBSE/PBSI, the Contractor shall give due advance notice (usually not less than three days) of his intention and provide details of date, time and type of tests to be performed. Upon completion of such T & C procedure, the Contractor's project engineer shall complete and sign a testing and commissioning certificate, to the effect that agreed T & C procedures have been duly carried out. M. Mostafa 32

33 Visual Inspection A visual inspection shall be carried out in accordance with Code 21A of the C.O.P. before testing of the installation in order to verify the following: The installation has been carried out in compliance with regulations and/or C.O.P., The correctness of the designation of the installation; and There is no visual damage to the installation. M. Mostafa 33

34 Testing 1. Continuity of Ring Final Circuit Conductors M. Mostafa 34

35 1. Continuity of Ring Final Circuit Conductors 2. Continuity of Protective Conductors 3. Earth Electrode Resistance Testing M. Mostafa 35

36 1. Continuity of Ring Final Circuit Conductors 2. Continuity of Protective Conductors 3. Earth Electrode Resistance 4. Insulation Resistance 5. Insulation to Site Built Assembly Testing M. Mostafa 36

37 6. Protection by Barriers and Enclosure 7. Verification of Polarity 8. Earth Fault Loop Impedance 9. Lightning Protection System 10. Equipment Testing Testing M. Mostafa 37

38 Functional Testing Functional test of the fixed electrical installation shall be conducted to produce evidence and verification of the electrical installation which is capable in performing the designated function encapsulated in the original electrical installation design. M. Mostafa 38

39 Testing Of Emergency Lighting, Exit Sign And Emergency Generator Installations M. Mostafa 39

40 Testing Of Emergency Lighting, Exit Sign And Emergency Generator Installations M. Mostafa 40

41 Testing Of Emergency Lighting, Exit Sign And Emergency Generator Installations M. Mostafa 41

42 Testing and Commissioning progress chart M. Mostafa 42

43 Testing and Commissioning progress chart S = Schedule completion % A = Actual completion % M. Mostafa 43

44 Testing and commissioning certificate M. Mostafa 44

45 Testing and commissioning certificate M. Mostafa 45

46 Test Certificate M. Mostafa 46

47 Test Certificate M. Mostafa 47

48 Conclusion M. Mostafa 48

49 Landlords Guide to Electrical Safety in Scotland M. Mostafa 49

50 Outlines 1. Introduction 6. Portable Appliances + Safety Checks 2. Electrical Installation + Regular Visual Safety Checks 3. Periodic Inspection 7. Compliance with Building Regulation + Flowchart 8. Steps when Electrical Installation not certified 4. P.I.R + Examples 9. Competent Electrician Register 5. Interval between Periodic Inspection & Testing 10. Conclusion Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 50

51 Introduction Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 51

52 Electrical Installations As BS ) Sufficient number of sockets 2) covers in places for live parts 3) Using appropriate (RCD) 4) Satisfactory earthing bonding 5) Enough circuits to avoid danger 6) Cables CSA are correctly selected Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 52

53 Regular visual safety checks 1) broken accessories (sockets and Light switches) 2) overheating of electrical equipment 3) Damaged cables Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 53

54 The periodic inspection including 1) adequacy of earthing 2) suitability of the CBs 3) wiring systems condition 4) damage parts of the installation 5) Provision of (RCDs) 6) Presence of identification and notices Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 54

55 Periodic inspection report 1) Record the findings of the inspection 2) Purpose : safety condition of an existing installation 3) Identify any damage within the installation Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 55

56 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 56

57 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 57

58 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 58

59 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 59

60 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 60

61 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 61

62 Examples of a domestic periodic inspection report Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 62

63 The interval between periodic inspection and testing depends on 1) Age of an installation 2) Installation use & level of misuse 3) Damage found at last inspection. 4) Inspector apply engineering judgment 5) on the change of tenancy 6) carried out at least every 5 years 7) examination at least every 3 years Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 63

64 Portable Appliances 1) An appliance has at least the CE Mark 2) additional safety marks, Kite mark & BEAB 3) the electrical installation is suitable for the equipment Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 64

65 Safety Checks 1) checking that there are no cuts in (sheath) 2) the plug body is not damaged 3) there are no loose parts or missing screws Note: BS 7671 requires sockets rated at up to 20 A use RCD Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 65

66 Compliance with Building Regulations The Scottish Building Standards electrical work requires a warrant Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 66

67 Scottish Building Regulations / An overview Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 67

68 Where electrical installation work is NOT Certified 1) Seek submission of a relevant certificate 2) require an independent inspection and test 3) take no action at all, if the verifier is satisfied Note: In certain cases, failure to comply with the Building Regulation can also lead to prosecution Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 68

69 Competent Electrician Register 1) can deal with all of the new requirements 2) will provide an authenticated certificate 3) a refund on the building warrant fee 4) access to a formal complaints 5) entitled to use the Certifier logo Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 69

70 Conclusion Eng. Ahmed Abo Elkhair 70

71 The Iceland Construction Authority Reda El-Khadrawy 71

72 Content Organization. Main Activities. About Building Safety Fee. Electrical Safety. Conclusion. Reda El-Khadrawy 72

73 The Iceland Construction Authority (ICA) ICA is established on 1 st January 2011, and responsible for the administration of laws and regulations. Reda El-Khadrawy 73

74 The Iceland Construction Authority (ICA) Purpose: accurately estimate the condition of the electrical installations and electrical equipment in specific building. Reda El-Khadrawy 74

75 The Iceland Construction Authority (ICA) Authority Sectors: Construction. Fire brigades and fire safety. Fire safety. Electrical safety. The Fire Service Technical College. Reda El-Khadrawy 75

76 Main Activities Administration and preparations of laws. Regulations and guidelines regarding construction. Control with building materials. Oversees matters about access for the disabled, certification of workers. Issues authorization to electrical contractors. Reda El-Khadrawy 76

77 Main Activities Publishes information and training material. Electrical safety. Oversees activities of Fire. Approves the fire safety plan. Recording accidents from electrical causes. Reda El-Khadrawy 77

78 Building Safety Fee This fee is only relevant for insurers underwriting insurance against fire. The Building safety fee shall be Fees are also proportional to the duration. The Building safety fee shall be stated separately on the receipt for the premium. Reda El-Khadrawy 78

79 Electrical Safety Authorization of Electrical Contractors Safe Control of Electrical Contractors Supervision of Installations of Buildings Safety Control of Electrical Utilities Electrical equipment Fires and Accidents caused by Electricity Electrical Inspection Agencies Reda El-Khadrawy 79

80 Electrical Safety Main tasks: Safety of electrical installations. Market surveillance of electrical equipment. Composition and interpretation of electrical safety rules and regulations. Education regarding electrical safety. Authorization of electrical contractors. Investigation and registration of accidents and damages caused by electricity. Reda El-Khadrawy 80

81 Electrical Safety Authorization of Electrical Contractors A authorization B authorization C authorization CA authorization CB authorization Reda El-Khadrawy 81

82 Electrical Safety Authorization of Electrical Contractors Reda El-Khadrawy 82

83 Electrical Safety Authorization of Electrical Contractors Education Experience Authorized Contractor Reda El-Khadrawy 83

84 Application form. Documents which have to follow the application. Applicant education and work experience. Occupational Safety and Health concerning facility (workshop). Operation: Contractor position in his company. Facilities and Equipment. Application for Authorization Documented Safety Control System. Reda El-Khadrawy 84

85 Electrical Safety Authorization of Electrical Contractors Reda El-Khadrawy 85

86 Electrical Safety Revoking of an Authorization Electrical installation has poor finishing of wirings. Sample inspections show number of comments. Follow-up inspections show previous comments has not been fixed. Electrical contractor does not attend to instructions, not finish the assigned job. Reda El-Khadrawy 86

87 Supervision with Installations of Buildings Reda El-Khadrawy 87

88 Supervision with Installations of Buildings Inspections Notification about works Improvement of comments Follow-up inspection Final inspection Final notification Reda El-Khadrawy 88

89 Electrical Inspection Agencies Reda El-Khadrawy 89

90 Electrical Inspection Agencies Inspections Investigations Supervisions Reda El-Khadrawy 90

91 Electrical Inspection Agencies Inspection Procedures Requirements Admittance to electrical installation. Responsibility of administrators. Responsible party. Instructions to electrical utilities. Danger- and emergency situation. Skilled persons and training. Reda El-Khadrawy Archival control. Lists and reports. Lists on installations. Processing of comments and improvements. Work-processes. Internal inspections. 91

92 Inspection report It is a list of the comments from the inspection. Who supervise the inspection process classify all comments on their seriousness (in what risk category they fall into) explained and the deadline for improvements specified. ICA can utilize such reports in introduction and educational material. Reda El-Khadrawy 92

93 Fires and Accidents caused by Electricity Reda El-Khadrawy 93

94 Conclusion Our goal is to provide secure environments to people and equipment. So periodic inspection must be done by authorized contractor for electrical installations and equipment. Reda El-Khadrawy 94

95 Mine Safety Management Reda El-Khadrawy 95

96 Content Establishment Mine Safety Management Plans Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Electrical Accident Investigation and Reporting Conclusion Reda El-Khadrawy 96

97 Establishment During the period 1850 to 1930 the South Wales coalfield had the worst disaster record. There were nearly forty underground explosions in the areas of the coalfield during this time. The total death from these disasters was 3,119 people. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is created by government in the United Kingdom in Reda El-Khadrawy 97

98 Introduction Year Deaths Accident! Gas Explosion Gas Explosion Explosion Explosion Reda El-Khadrawy 98

99 Establishment Introduction: Reda El-Khadrawy 99

100 Scope How to work safely with high voltage, low voltage, and extra low voltage equipment. Reda El-Khadrawy 100

101 Authority Reda El-Khadrawy 101

102 Management Structure Each operation should have a documented management structure detailing : Positions. Incumbents. Responsibility. Mine Safety Management Plans Accountability for the electrical engineering safety arrangements. Reda El-Khadrawy 102

103 Mine Safety Management Plans Contractor Management Competence of people and fitness for purpose of equipment. Contractor s competency and subcontractors. Reda El-Khadrawy 103

104 Mine Safety Management Plans Electrical Engineering decisions are critical to attaining safe production at mine sites. The electrical engineering safety arrangements must be : Included in the Mine Safety Management Plan. An integral part of the Health and Safety management plan. Total Power defines qualification of workers. Reda El-Khadrawy 104

105 Mine Safety Management Plans Plant Safety Reda El-Khadrawy 105

106 Mine Safety Management Plans Plant Safety The mine operator must provide plant that is adequately rated for the activity and fit for purpose in the proposed working environment, including : Equipment. Workers. Information relating to plant safety. Plant registration. Reda El-Khadrawy 106

107 Risk Management Mine Safety Management Plans Hand held power tools are used, they should be extra low voltage battery operated, not 240 volt. Welding equipment should have an ELV output. Earthling systems are of an inherently safer design, that is, maximum potential rise of an earth grid should be below 55V. Reda El-Khadrawy 107

108 Instruction and Training Mine Safety Management Plans Reda El-Khadrawy 108

109 Instruction and Training Mine Safety Management Plans Plan must specify the competencies required for such types of work and where necessary ensure the appropriate training and instruction is given Reda El-Khadrawy 109

110 Communication Mine Safety Management Plans Plan must specify minimum time to communicate periodically, usually day by day. In particular voice communication systems such as telephones must be provided at strategic points underground and on the surface. Reda El-Khadrawy 110

111 Site Safety Rules Mine Safety Management Plans Reda El-Khadrawy 111

112 Site Safety Rules Mine Safety Management Plans All electrical engineering safety matters are included in these site safety rules. Reda El-Khadrawy 112

113 Mine Safety Management Plans Document Control and Records Reda El-Khadrawy 113

114 Mine Safety Management Plans Document Control and Records Records of electrical testing, safety and compliance certificates and the like are to be part of the records kept at the mine are documented via the document control system. Reda El-Khadrawy 114

115 Mine Safety Management Plans Emergency Management Sufficient transport and allow the safe evacuation of people Cover the treatment of electric victims Reda El-Khadrawy 115

116 Emergency Management Fire and Explosion: Mine Safety Management Plans Reda El-Khadrawy 116

117 Emergency Management Fire and Explosion: Mine Safety Management Plans Detection and suppression must be designed with appropriate safety integrity. Reda El-Khadrawy 117

118 Mine Safety Management Plans Consultation Reda El-Khadrawy 118

119 Mine Safety Management Plans Consultation Where actions by "non-electrical people such as mining engineers, production managers, mechanical engineers and purchasing officers can involved in electrical work. Reda El-Khadrawy 119

120 Mine Safety Management Plans Other OH&S Regulation Requirements: Noise management. Atmospheric contaminants. Levels of oxygen Falling objects and Lifts. Building maintenance and others. Reda El-Khadrawy 120

121 It is expected the Electrical Engineering Safety arrangements will have a positive impact on other matters and be fully integrated within the Mine Safety Management Plan, including: Electrical Installations. Electrical Protection and Earthing. Commissioning and Testing. Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Maintenance of Electrical Installations. Reda El-Khadrawy 121

122 Electrical Installations Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Reda El-Khadrawy 122

123 Electrical Installations Electrical Engineering Safety Plan The electrical installation system should be sectionalized so : Facilitate inspection, maintenance, testing (minimal disruption to the part of the installation not being maintained) and fault finding. Withstand the maximum prospective through fault current and electromagnetic radiation interference. Reda El-Khadrawy 123

124 Electrical Protection System Fault detection. Isolation Faulty parts. Restore healthy parts. Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Reda El-Khadrawy 124

125 Earthing System Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Reda El-Khadrawy 125

126 Earthing System Electrical Engineering Safety Plan When designing earthing systems, a safe design should be the first option and maximum potential rise and touch voltages must be defined. Reda El-Khadrawy 126

127 Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Commissioning and Testing Reda El-Khadrawy 127

128 Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Commissioning and Testing Tests must be done by a licensed electrician or qualified electrical engineer. A certificate of compliance is used for ALL electrical work. Reda El-Khadrawy 128

129 Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Maintenance of Electrical Installations Reda El-Khadrawy 129

130 Electrical Engineering Safety Plan Maintenance of Electrical Installations Prevent interference. Detect damage ageing and wear. Ensure insulation and barriers are effective. Earthing remains effective. Reda El-Khadrawy 130

131 Electrical Accident Investigation and Reporting Reda El-Khadrawy 131

132 Electrical Accident Investigation and Reporting Were safety rules violated causing the electrocution? How did the victim receive the shock? what injuries were caused by it? Did contact with a metal surface or the victim s apparel affect the shock? Reda El-Khadrawy 132

133 Conclusion To work Safe, all people and equipment must be comply with all mine safety regulations and assessment risk management. Reda El-Khadrawy 133

134 Systems of inspecting the existing building and the procedures of auditing engineering plans 134

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