Phylogeography, population genetics and potential risks assessment

Transcription

1 Phylogeography, population genetics and potential risks assessment University of Namur Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology URBE LEGE MARESCAUX Jonathan PhD Student April 23, 2013

2 Introduction Zebra and Quagga mussel invasion history North America : Western Europe Zebra mussel : since the 18 th century Naturalized? Quagga mussel : first observation in

3 Hypothesis What are the colonisation pathways of the Quagga mussel in Western Europe? 3

4 Part I : Colonisation pathways y Hypothesis : Southern Corridor North America Central Corridor Northern Corridor Modified from Van der Velde et al. (2010) 4

5 Sampling sites 1 Meuse River (France) 1 Meuse River (Belgium) 1 Meuse River (The Netherlands) 2 Albert Canal (Belgium) Eastern Europe (1) 3 Hollandsch Diep (The Netherlands) 4 Ijsselmeer (The Netherlands) Western Europe (13) 5 Markermeer (The Netherlands) 6 Rhine River (Germany) 7 Moselle River (France) 8 Main River (Germany) 9 Main-Danube Canal (pop 1) (Germany) 9 Main-Danube Canal (pop 2) (Germany) 10 Danube River (Romania) Native Area (4) 11 Dniester River (Ukraine) 12 South Bug River (Ukraine) 13 Ingulets River (Ukraine) 14 Dnieper River (Ukraine) 15 Volga River (Russia) 5

6 Sampling sites a Lake Michigan (45m deep) a Lake Michigan (100m deep) Western US (5) Eastern US (9) b c d e f g h i j k l m Lake Huron Lake Simcoe Lake St Clair Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Oneida Lake Cayuga Lake Mead Lake Mohave Lake Irvine Lake Skinner Lake Poway 6

7 Material and Methods COI mitochondrial gene 573 individuals 10 microsatellite loci 599 individuals Dbug 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Wilson et al. 1999) Dbu 74, 75, 92, 93 and 110 (Feldheim et al. 2011) 7

8 COI mtdna diversity 7 haplotypes among 573 sequences (649 bp) H = from 0,000 ± 0,000 to 0,358 ± 0,127 Π = from 0,00000 ± 0,00000 to 0,00058 ± 0,

9 Part III : Colonisation pathways 9

10 Eastern Europe Western Europe Native Area 10

11 Part III : Colonisation pathways 11

12 Eastern US Western US 12

13 Genealogical relationships among mtdna COI haplotypes performed with TCS 1.21 (95% connection limit) Collaboration with Thomas Wilke University of Gieβen (Germany) Heiler et al. (in prep) 13

14 Microsatellites variability 390 alleles from 10 loci From 4 to 58 alleles per locus (mean = 39) 14

15 3D-FCA performed with Genetix v g h c e d f Native Area (4) Eastern Europe (1) Western Europe (13) Eastern US (9) Western US (5) Factor 2 (6,29%) b a a Factor 1 (10,48%) j l i k m Factor 3 (5,41%) 15

16 NJ tree constructed with Mega v.4 with Cavalli-Sforza Chord distance 2 Native Area (4) Eastern Europe (1) Western Europe (13) Eastern US (9) 1 Western US (5) 3 16

17 Gstat (Fst estimator based on allele frequencies) MB MH CA HD Ijs Mk Rh Mos Ma CMDa CMDb Dan Dtr Bug Ing Dpr Vol LMs LMp LH Lsi LSC LE LO Lon Lca Lme Lmo Lir Lsk Lpo MF NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * MB NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * MH NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * CA NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * HD * NS NS NS * NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * NS NS NS NS * * * * * Ijs NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * Mk NS NS NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS * * NS * * NS NS NS NS * * * * * Rh NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS * * * * * Mos NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * Ma NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * CMDa NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * CMDb NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * NS * NS * * * * * Dan NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * Dtr NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * Bug NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * Ing NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS * NS * Dpr NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * Vol NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * LMs NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * LMp NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * LH NS NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * Lsi NS NS NS NS NS * * * * * LSC NS NS NS NS * * * * * LE NS NS NS * * * * * LO NS NS * * * * * Lon NS * * * * * Lca * * * * * Lme NS NS NS NS Lmo NS NS NS Lir NS NS Lsk NS Significance after Standard Bonferroni corrections (5%) Fstat v

18 Genetic structure Western Europe Eastern Europe Native Area Eastern North America Western North America Bayesian analysis performed with Structure v K = 6 18

19 Eastern Europe Western Europe Native Area 19

20 Eastern US Western US 20

21 Conclusion Multiple source locations 21

22 Part II : Risks assessment Hypothesis What are the impacts of Dreissena on the native fauna of the Meuse River? 22

23 Part II : Risks assessment Filtration rates Phytoplankton decline in the Meuse River Introduction of the quagga mussel? Falisse (2010) Master These 23

24 Part II : Risks assessment Filtration rates Measurements of filtration rates in laboratory facilities Zebra mussel : 41 ml/mgc.h (341 ml/ind.h) Quagga mussel : 49 ml/mgc.h (400 ml /ind.h) Vokaer (2012) Master Thesis 24

25 Part II : Risks assessment Infestation on native bivalves 593 native individuals collected (along a 500m transect) ± 40% were infested From 1 to 37 Dreissena on a single native individuals 25

26 Conclusion Impacts on native fauna Assuming : Density = 360 ind/m² Temperature = 16 C Flow rate = 150 m 3 /s Filtration rate = 350 ml/h Width of river = 100 m Water column is filtered on 50 km! 26

27 Acknowledgments Karine Van Doninck Supervisor E. Etoundi, X. Li and N. Dauchau Help in microsatellites study A. Lebel, A. Latli, E. Etoundi, E. Falisse, J. Lorquet, W. Otjacques and A. Evrard Help in sampling A. Bij de Vaate, T. Wilke, J.N. Beisel, L. Giamberrini, O. Popa, T. Nalepa, C. Van Overdijk, K. Holeck, R.F. McMahon, A. Watters and B. Parvis Samples from the Native Area, Europe and North America This study received financial support from the University of Namur and from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS). 27